NCKU VP Feng : Global Brain Movement: An Asia- Pacific Perspective

馮達旋 Da Hsuan Feng Global Brain Movement: An Asia- Pacific Perspective

“ If you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday .” 你假如要了解今天 , 你必需要追尋昨天賽珍珠 Pearl S. Buck

What are our challenges ﹖

We need history as our anchor

We need to understand Chengda’s position in the Asia Pacific context and global context

We need to understand Taiwan in the Asia Pacific context and global context

Breaking News!!

Entrepreneur Task Force for Asia Pacific (ETAP) for Incubator Center for Southern Taiwan Science Park

Michael Devlin, Co-founder and Managing Partner, Pharos Funds, a $500 Million VC firm

Oliver Cheng, CEO and President of Aurora Imaging Technology Inc, a $50 million annual revenue medical device corporation and former investment banker

A small test

Keep right

Keep left

Keep right and keep left

My Family

Sun Yat-Sen Mausoleum today

57 years later Asia Pacific then Asia Pacific now How much water has passed under the bridge

Augustus D. Julliard founded Julliard School of Music in 1924 My mother 謝佩貞 one of the first Chinese women students of this institution.

NYU Law School Paul Feng ( 馮國禎 ) JD 1937 Ian Feng ( 馮亦恆 ) JD 2009

History of universities My discussion will be science and technology centric, but I am confident that it is more generic than specific

孔夫子 Confucius 551 BC – 479 BC

孔子一生從事教育事業，相傳有賢弟子七十二人 , 弟子三千人

成均館大學 – founded 1398 as an institution to promote Confucius canon

From 10 Century to Renaissance 十世紀到文藝復興 University of Bologna 1088 Oxford University 1096

Many historians state that universities and cathedral schools were a continuation of the interest in learning promoted by monasteries.

Before Renaissance, Asia Pacific, especially China, led the world in science and technology.

Crab Nabula 1054 (observed by Chinese astronomers)

鄭和 ( 馬三寶 ) Cheng He 1371-1433 Eunuch 哥倫布 Christopher Columbus 1451-1506

吳京部長

Time

Asia Edition

2001

8/21-27

Special Edition

Renaissance and universities

Renaissance Rise of the European intellectual powerhouse in modern scientific methodologies

牛頓 Isaac Newton (b. 1643) 1667: Fellow of Trinity College in 1669: Lucasian Professor of Mathematics Francis Bacon (d. 1626) Fellow of Trinity College

Galilei Galileo 伽利略 (d. 1642) 1589 Chair of mathematics University of Pisa

大清

Qing dynasty started in 1644

One year after the birth of Sir Isaac Newton

Two years after the death of Galilei Galileo

19 century

Not surprising, European universities, with several hundred years of Renaissance as their underpinnings, became the envy of the world in their intellectual, especially technological supremacy.

In my opinion, one of the greatest scientific and technological achievements in the19 century is the introduction to mankind the Maxwell equations !

Sir James Clark Maxwell (1831-1879) Another member of Cambridge University Trinity College

Maxwell 1831 - 1879 Chopin 1810 - 1849

Maxwell Equations Chopin Nocturne

Maxwellian and Newtonian science developed what we now refer to as theoretical sciences…This was an area where European universities absolutely excel and Asia Pacific intellectual communities, under reclusive Qing dynasty, did not develop. Japanese under Minji Restoration absorbed this totally!

First half of 20 century

First half of the 20 century: USA and North America was a secured castle with a moat ( 護城河 ) known as Pacific Ocean ( 太平洋 ) and Atlantic Ocean ( 大西洋 )

珍珠港 1941

Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto 山本五十六

I fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with a terrible resolve

With the “moat ( 護城河 ),” US research universities became powerhouses in the 20 century

Albert Einstein 1879-1955 John von Neumann 1903-1957 Herman Weyl 1885-1955

Eugene Wigner 1902-1995 Theodore von Kármán 1881 - 1963 Edward Teller 1908-2003 Enrico Fermi 1901-1954

The Dutch Boys: Uhlenbeck, Kramers, Goudsmit at the University of Michigan 1928 Rockefeller University

Supreme excellence !

Asian universities in the end of 19th century and the first half of the 20th century

Meiji Restoration 明治維新 (1868-1912) Move Capitol from Kyoto to Tokyo Increase wealth 富國 Built a military power 強兵 Create great universities ( Imperial University of Tokyo and Imperial Kyoto University )

Japan: Yukawa, Nobel 1949 Tomonaga, Nobel 1965 Kyoto University Columbia University

李政道楊振寧 (T D Lee and C N Yang) The Nobel Prize in Physics 1957 From 3rd world mentality to 1st world mentality Confidence

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru जवाहरलाल नेहरू First Prime Minister of India

“ If China and India hold together, the future of Asia is assured .“ Nehru to Paul Feng on January 19,1946 Manoj Das “Forging an Asian identity.” It was published in The Hindu on January 7, 2001

"because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West“ Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) Nobel in literature 1913

C. V. Raman (1888 – 1970) Nobel laureate 1930 FIRST ASIAN TO WIN THE NOBEL PRIZE IN SCIENCE

Indian Institute of Science

Raman was distinguished professor

Premier graduate research university in India

C. V. Raman NEVER studied in the West!

Peking University 北京大學北京大学

Cai Yuan Pei ( 校長 1916-1927)

Hu Shi ( 校長 1945-1948)

SJTU Rank London Times Rank Hong Kong Univ Sci & Tech 203-304 53 University of Hong Kong 203-304 18 Chinese University of Hong Kong 203-304 38 Peking Univ (Mainland) 203-304 36 Tsing Hua University (Mainland) 151 - 202 62 National University of Singapore 101-152 33 Nanyang Technological University 305-402 69 National Taiwan University 151-202 102 National Cheng Kung University 305-402 Not ranked University of Tokyo 20 17 Kyoto University 22 25

“ Indeed, with Cai’s leadership, PKU became not just the soul of Chinese universities, but in fact Chinese history and culture of the 20 century. How do we measure the “intangible impact” of PKU on the culture of China, with Bai-Hua ( 白話 modern Chinese) movement, May 4th movement ( 五四運動 , ) and so on. Is it even logical to consider that PKU is not a “World Class University” when it has profound impact on Chinese culture, with nearly quarter humanity, for a century?” DHF at SJTU Conference 2006

Teller---- 楊振寧 Goudsmit--- 吳大猶 Theodore von Kármán --- 錢學森

Lesson learned for USA Boxer rebellion 義和團運動

Of the EIGHT countries who received reparations, ONLY USA utilized the money to build education infrastructure in China and set up scholarships for the brightest to study in the West Someone in the Government understood making good public policy.

Construct Tsinghua University, today unquestionably one of the best in Mainland and Taiwan

Send the brightest to the west.

Bill Boeing. He hired (1916) Tsu Wong as the company's first aeronautical engineer to replace Boeing's original business partner, Conrad Westerveldt. An engineering graduate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Tsu Wong became the first chief engineer at Boeing. Phil Condit, Boeing CEO, NAE Speech in 1997

Boeing (1916-1917)

1916 As a Chief Engineer of Pacific Aero Products Company

1917 Success of B&W-C seaplane

Portrait in Seattle Pacific Aero Products Company in 1916

7. Tsoo Wong and Hsue-Shen Tsien (1934-1947)

1934 Tsoo Wong was instructor of

Hsue-Shen Tsien

1940 Tsoo Wong requested Tsien return to China to fulfil former Boxer Rebellion scholarship

1947 Tsien and Ying Jiang got married at Shanghai

1947 Tsien and Tsoo Wong met Shanghai Longhua Airport

Another great lesson: Rockefeller Foundation Founded Peking Union Medical College

Second half of 20th century A half century of limited wars and peace….

Recognition of the fundamental importance of public policy ( 公共政策 ) of the development of knowledge Lesson learn fot Asian Universities

Vannevar Bush 1890 – 1974

Vannevar Bush recommended the creation of what would eventually become in 1950 the National Science Foundation (NSF)

The Indian government has announced it will set up a world-class National Science and Engineering Research Foundation at a cost of ten billion rupees (US$230 million). It is expected to function similarly to the National Science Foundation in the United States. Natural Science Foundation of China

California Master Plan for Higher Education -- 1971

Chancellor Clark Kerr and Governor Edmund Brown

1980 Bayh-Dole Act

… gave US universities, small businesses and non-profits intellectual property control of their inventions that resulted from federal government-funded research

21 Century

Nixon and Zhou holding hands on February 21, 1972

One handshake became the genesis to remove RED MENANCE: Wealth is generated in Asia Pacific

With wealth, comes universities of high quality

Purdue and NCKU in the 60 ’ s

With wealth, comes hightech industries

Samsung

LG

TSMC

Chi-Mei

Huawei Technology

Delta Electronics

……

Morris Chang Ph.D. Stanford

Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur

MIT

UC Berkeley

Cal Tech

Princeton University

Carnegie Tech

U of Michigan

Ohio State University

Case Institute

Purdue

General George Marshall (1880 – 1959)

A century of Marshall-plan like effort from the US for Asia Without recognition!

Summary

Thomas Friedman THE WORLD IS FLAT

What are our challenges ﹖

We need history as our anchor

We need to understand Chengda’s position

We need to understand Taiwan in the Asia Pacific context and global context

Todai Taida Kyodai Chengda

High Tech (CERN, IBM Zurich, WHO,…

World Class Universities (ETH)

Neutral site

亞洲

Charles Dickens 狄根斯 1812 - 1870

雙城記 A Tale of Two Cities

“ It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way--in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only. ”

“ 那是最美好的时代，那是最糟糕的时代；那是智慧的年头，那是愚昧的年头；那是信仰的时期，那是怀疑的时期；那是光明的季节，那是黑暗的季节；那是希望的春天，那是失望的冬天；我们全都在直奔天堂，我们全都在直奔相反的方向 -- 简而言之，那时跟现在非常相象，某些最喧嚣的权威坚持要用形容词的最高级来形容它。说它好，是最高级的；说它不好，也是最高级的。 .”

How could Dickens write about our era in such vivid manner ?