relative clauses with sample sentence

1. Name :
Ferdian Hapreda J.
Faiqotul F.

2.  The relative pronoun: A relative clauses is used to form
one sentence from two separate sentences. The relative
pronoun replaces one of two identical noun phrases
and relates the clauses to each other. The relative
pronouns and their uses are listed here.
Pronoun Use in formal English
That
Which
Who
Whom
Whose
Things
Things
People
People
Usually people

3. Kalimat Relatif
Sebuah kalimat relatif
yang digunakan untuk
membentuk satu kalimat
dari dua kalimat terpisah.
Kata ganti Relatif yang
menggantikan salah satu
dari dua susunan noun
yang sama dan
berhubungan dengan
kalimat satu sama lain.

4. - The relative pronoun completely replaces a duplicate
noun phrase. There can be no regular pronoun along with
the relative pronoun.
Incorrect : This is the book that I bought it at the bookstore
Correct : This is the book that I bought at the bookstore
- Remember that a sentence with a relative clause can
always be reduced to two separate sentences, so each
clauses must contain a verb.

5. • We bought the stereo. The stereo had been advertised at
a reduced price
• We bought the stereo that had been a advertised at a
reduced price
• John bought a boat . The boat cost thirty thousand dollars
• John bought a boat that cost thirty thousand dollars
• George is going to buy the house. We have been thinking
of buying the house
• George is going to buy the house that we have been
thinking of buying the house

6.  Who / whom : Who is used when the noun phrase being
replaced is in the subject position of the sentence. Whom is
used when it is from the complement position.
 NOTE : In speech, whom is rarely used, but it should be used
when apporiate in formal written English. If you have
difficulty deciding whether who or whom should be used,
remember the following rule.
who + verb
whom + noun

7. - Cosinder the following sentences
The men are angry. The men are in this room
- These sentences can also be considered as :
The men (the men are in this room) are angry
The men who are in this room are angry
The men are angry. I don’t like the men
The men (I don’t like the men) are angry
The men whom I don’t like are angry

8.  - We also use the from whom after a
preposition. In this case, the preposition should
also be moved to the position before whom in
formal written English.
 The men are angry. The woman is talking to
the men
 The men (the woman is talking to the men) are
angry
 The men to whom the woman is talking are
angry

9. Relative Pronoun
Contoh Kalimat Adjective
Clause
Keterangan
who
He is the man who works
hard to support their daily
needs.
menerangkan “man”
(subject complement)
whom
The woman whom you saw
last night is my sister.
menerangkan “woman”
(subject kalimat)
whose
The man, whose car is
antique, works as a lecturer.
menerangkan “man”
(subject kalimat)
which
Mueeza, which is very
faithful, is my cat.
menerangkan “Mueeza”
(subject kalimat)
where (relative
adverb)
Bandar Lampung is a
city where I was born.
menerangkan “city”
(subject complement)
that
It is the car that I have
dreamed for many years
ago.
menerangkan “car”
(subject complement)

10.  A restrictive clauses is one that cannot be omitted from
a sentence if the sentence is to keep its original
meaning.
 A nonrestrictive clause contains additional information
which is not required to give the clause by commas
and a restrictive clause is not.
 Who,whom, and which can be used in restrictive or
nonrestrictive clauses. That can be used only in
restrictive clauses.
 Normally, that is the preferred word to use in a
restrictive clause, although which is acceptable.

11.  Kalimat membatasi adalah salah satu yang tidak
dapat dihilangkan dari kalimat jika kalimat
tersebut untuk menjaga makna aslinya.
 Sebuah klausa nonrestrictive mengandung
informasi tambahan yang tidak diperlukan untuk
memberikan klausa dengan koma dan klausa
restriktif tidak.
 Siapa, siapa, dan yang dapat digunakan dalam
klausa membatasi atau nonrestrictive. Itu hanya
dapat digunakan dalam klausa membatasi.
 Biasanya, that adalah kata yang disukai untuk
digunakan dalam klausa terbatas, meskipun which
dapat diterima.

12. - Restrictive : Weeds that float to the surface should be
removed before they decay.
(We are not speaking of all weeds, only those that float to
the surface. Thus, the sentence is restrictive, if ‘’that float to
the surface’’. Were omitted, the sentence would have a
different meaning)

13. - Nonrestrictive : My car, which is very large, uses
too much gasoline.
(The fact that my car is very large is additional
information and not important to the rest of the
sentence. Notice that is not possible to use the
pronoun that in place of which in this sentence)

14. Examples of relative clauses :
Dr. Jones is the only doctor whom I have seen about this
problem.
Hurricanes that are born off the coast of Africa often prove
to be the most deadly

15.  The man who came yesterday is my uncle
 The girl who is singing is my cousin
 The woman who is writing is Miss Anne
 The woman who lost a bag is Mrs Lee
 The boy whom I gave the book to is the best student
 The girl whom Charles lent the magazine to is very
pretty
 The man whom we met yesterday has nine children
 The woman whom sally is going with has ever been to
Irak
 The woman whom I have talked to will buy a house

16.  The boy whose toy John broke yesterday is my
cousin
 The woman whose husband is ill will call the
doctor
 The girl whose bag was stolen went to the police
station
 The girl whose mother was angry with me last
night is my love
 The pensil which John is holding is red
 The house which stands on that hill is very old
 This is the painting which won the first prize
 The letter which came yesterday was from Maria

17.  Both the cars that are in the garage are new
 I’ve just heard something that will surprise you
 The bird that sings in my garden every
morning is a Robin
 The bears that live in Greenland are polar bears