Water insulation

Damp & Water INSULATION Compiled by Manish Jain Gr. Floor , Ashoka apartment Bhawani Singh Road C-scheme , Jaipur -302001 Rajasthan ( INDIA) Ph. 91-0141-2743536 , 91-9829063132 Email: fdjaipur@gmail.com Web : www.frontdesk.co.in

Definitions
Dampness
The excess entry or penetration of moisture inside a building through its
Floors
Walls and
Roofs
is called Dampness.
Dampness is dangerous both for
Inmates
Building
Due to dampness the building become unhygienic.
Dampness in buildings is a risk factor for health effects.
compiled by manish jain (www.frontdesk.co.in)

Definitions
Peeling off
This term is related to plaster and it means that the plaster surface get disfigured.
Blistered
These term are related to Painting
DPC (Damp proof course)
It is a continuous layer of impervious material between source of dampness and building component

Types of Dampness
Based on the movement of moisture the dampness can be of the following three types.
Rising or capillary dampness.
Falling or penetrating dampness.
Condensation dampness.

Causes of Dampness
Following are the main causes of dampness in a building
Rain penetration
Level of site
Drainability of the Soil
Climatic conditions
Defective Orientation
Entraped moisture in the building
Defective construction material
Defective construstion
Moisture originates in the building.

Causes of Dampness
Rain penetration
It is the main source of dampness. Heavy rain of short duration is less dangerous. rain water enters through joints, cracks and porous bricks or stones.
Level of site
Low laying building sites are effected by the depositing surface water and underground water.
Drainability of the Soil
Course grained soils like Sandy or gravely soils provides good drainibility conditions and fine grained soils like clay retain water and cause dampness.

Causes of Dampness
Climatic conditions
In cold climatic condition dampness causes due to condensation of water vapors.
Defective Orientation
If building is exposed to direct rain showers and less sun rays then it cause dampness.
Entrapped moisture in the building
Due Over soaked bricks and use of salty or alkaline water results dampness in building.

Causes of Dampness
Defective construction material
Porous bricks, soft stones, alkaline water etc. cause dampness of building.
Defective construction
Through defective joints of parapet, copping and masonry joints moisture can enter in the building.
Moisture originates in the building.
It is due to the leakage through water supply or sanitary system of building.

Effects of Dampness
Following are the harmful effects of dampness in buildings.
Building become esthetically poor.
It cause dry Rot to the wooden members provided in the building.
It cause corrosion of metals used in building.
Plaster peels off.
Paint blistered and bleached and the surface disfigured.
Holes and pits are formed in topping of floors.
Efflorescence occurs and bricks disintegrate and turn in to powder.
Un hygienic conditions in building.

Remedial Measures
By Damp Proofing Courses (DPC)
By surface treatment
By water proofing construction
By special devices/techniques

Damp proofing material
Classification of Damp proofing material
Qualities of a good Damp proofing Material
Important places for Damp proofing materials.

Classification of Damp proofing material Damp proofing material Flexible Materials Bitumen Mastic (Mastic Asphalt
Bitumen felt
APP & SBS
Rigid Materials
Metal Sheets
Material which do not crack and deform due to loadings. Materials that cannot resist transverse stresses.
Rich Concrete
Mortar
Bricks
Stone Slabs
EPDM rubber

ASPHALT, BITUMEN AND TAR
Asphalt, bitumen and tar are hydrocarbons.
Asphalt and bitumen are petroleum products
Tar is a dark coloured product obtained from destructive distillation of organic substances like coal, wood or bituminous shales.
Asphalt also appears in nature as natural deposits.
Melted Bitumen compiled by manish jain (www.frontdesk.co.in)

Mastic Asphalt Asphalt: A mixture of bitumen and mineral filler. Note that Hot Rolled Asphalt is a road surfacing material. Mastic: An adhering asphalt which is placed with trowelling. Mastic asphalt is a type of asphalt usually around 7–10% of the whole aggregate mix, This thermoplastic substance and used in waterproofing flat roofs and tanking underground. Mastic asphalt is heated to a temperature of 210 °C (410 °F) and is spread in layers to form an impervious barrier about 20 millimeters (0.79 in) thick. Applied in hot state in 1” to 2” (2 cm to 5 cm) compiled by manish jain (www.frontdesk.co.in)

Bitumen felt ( plastomeric system) IS Code of Practice 1346
Many Type of Bituminuous sheet are used for water proofing
works mainly two type of plastic based bitumen sheet are available :
Traditional felt : Which is to be stuck to the surface to be waterproofed with hot blown asphalt
Thermofusible film : sheet with underside of thermofusible film which can be heated by gas flame torch and then stick to the hot surface.
Major disadvantage : most of these membranes last only five to six years and we have to remove old and reinstall new system 6 mm thick bitumen sheet available in roll form MARKET PRODUCT : UNIFELT : bituminous felt UNIPLASTIFELT : It consists of a centre core of 25 microns thick high molecular high density polythyene film. By UNITED TAR (P) LTD. compiled by manish jain (www.frontdesk.co.in)

MODIFIED BITUMEN
modified bitumen= bitumen + plastic
There are two types :
APP ( Atactic Poly Propylene ) plastomer
SBS ( Sequenced Butadiene Styrene) elastomer
APP modified bitumen is generally stronger and stiffer the SBS modified bitumen , which has greater flow for expansion and waterproofing qualities
Both have high tolerance for UV rays
Its preferred over hot mastic asphalt / bitumen
Thickness: 2mm,3mm,4mm MARKET PRODUCT : NILOBIT-PM & NILOBIT-PN are Polyester Reinforced Membrane NILOBIT-FN is Fibreglass Reinforced Membrane. By UNITED TAR (P) LTD. compiled by manish jain (www.frontdesk.co.in)

Lead, copper, Aluminum sheets aluminum flex sheet and roll insulation is a flexible, elastomeric thermal insulation, black in color. It is furnished with a smooth skin on one side which forms the outer exposed insulation surface. Lead can react chemically with cement Lead should be laid in lime mortar. Minimum thickness of copper sheets should be 3 mm Insulation sheet with Aluminum 1.water,sound and fire proof 2.closed-cell flexible 3.Low thermal conductivity compiled by manish jain (www.frontdesk.co.in)

EPDM rubber MARKET PRODUCT : STARSEAL 100 by STAR COATING & MEMBRANES PVT. LTD. POLY FLEX by M/s. POLY RUBBER PRODUCTS Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer is a synthetic rubber most commonly used in single-ply roofing because it is readily available and relatively simple to apply. EPDM as a roofing membrane has advanced significantly over recent years. Problems previously associated with it included moisture gain under the membrane by vapour drive (occurring on roofs with air conditioned space beneath), and that EPDM did not like to adhere to itself and seam problems occurred. Simply adding a vapour barrier will help to resolve vapour drive. compiled by manish jain (www.frontdesk.co.in)

Rigid Materials
Rich Concrete
1” to 2-1/2” thick layer of P.C.C (1:2:4) painted with hot bitumen is applied
Mortar
Rich or fat cement mortar (1:3) is laid in ¾” thickness (2 cm) as vertical DPC.
Painted with bitumen
Bricks
Over burnt bricks are used in two layers in (1:3) mortar
Stone Slabs
Two layers of stone slabs in lime cement and sand mortar (1:1:6) is provided in areas where stone is easily available.

Qualities of a good Damp proofing Material
Impervious
Durable
Non disintegratable
Stable under the loading
Level finish
Full coverage of wall thickness
Availability
Economical

Important places for Damp proofing materials
At Plinth Level (in walls ) (external & Internal)
Parapet walls
Window sill
Basements and Under ground Floors

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Water insulation

by manish jain

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