Heat & sound insulation

Thermal & Sound Insulation Compiled by Manish Jain Gr. Floor , Ashoka apartment Bhawani Singh Road C-scheme , Jaipur -302001 Rajasthan ( INDIA) Ph. 91-0141-2743536 , 91-9829063132 Email: fdarchitect@gmail.com Web : www.frontdesk.co.in

How Heat Is Transmitted
Conduction : the transmission of heat from one molecule to another within a material or from one material to another when they are held in direct contact.
Convection : the transfer of heat by another agent, such as air or water. Convection Currents : the flow of air that is created within the space. Radiation : the transmission of heat through a wave motion, similar to the way light is transmitted. by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

Thermal Insulation Facts
Fibrous materials are generally good insulators
Commercial insulation materials are made of:
Glass fibers
Glass foam
Mineral fibers
Organic fibers
Foamed plastic
by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

Characteristics of a good insulation material:
fireproof
insect proof
moisture proof
resistant to any physical change that would reduce its effectiveness against heat flow
Selection of insulation is based on:
Initial cost
Effectiveness
Durability
Adaptation of its form to that of the construction and installation methods

Heat Loss Coefficients
British Thermal Unit : Btu, the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water to 1 degree Fahrenheit.
Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity : k, the amount of heat, in Btu’s, transferred in one hour through 1 sq. ft. of a given material that is 1” thick and has a temperature difference between its surfaces of 1 degree Fahrenheit.
Conductance : C, the amount of heat that will flow through the material in 1 hour / sq. ft. of surface with a 1 degree Fahrenheit of temperature difference.
Resistance : R, the opposite of conductivity or conductance. A good insulation material will have a high R- value.
Total Heat Transmission : U, represents in Btu / sq. ft. / hour with 1 degree temperature difference for a structure which may consist of several materials or spaces.

Common insulating materials , “ R ” values per inch , advantages and disadvantages by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in Insulating material “ R” value Advantages Disadvantages Polyurethane, board 6.25 Very good R-value, can be used with fibreglass resins Not always easily available, relatively expensive Polyurethane, poured (two-part chemical) 7.0 Very good R-value, can be used with fibreglass resins, relative ease of application Not always easily available, expensive, requires very careful volume calculations Polystyrene, sheets (smooth) Trade name “Styrofoam” 5.0 Readily available, low cost, reasonable R-value Cannot be used with fibreglass resins unless protected, easily damaged Polystyrene, foamed in place and expanded moulded beads. Known as Isopor, Polypor, etc. 3.75 to 4.0 Reasonable R-values, lower cost than smooth surfaced sheets Cannot be used with fibreglass resins unless protected, easily damaged

Common insulating materials , “ R ” values per inch , advantages and disadvantages by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in Insulating material “ R” value Advantages Disadvantages Fibreglass wool batts 3.3 Low cost, ease of installation Readily absorbs water or other fluids, loses insulating value when wet Rock wool batts 3.7 As above As above Wood shavings 2.2 Readily available, low cost Absorbs moisture and loses R-values when wet, decays Sawdust 2.44 Readily available, low cost Absorbs moisture and loses R-value when wet, packs down under vibration Straw Readily available, low cost Absorbs moisture and loses R-value when wet, host to insects, etc. Air space 1.0 approx. No cost Has to be completely sealed to prevent air circulation causing heat infiltration

Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation A two component mixture comes together at the tip of a gun, and forms an expanding foam that is sprayed onto concrete slabs, into wall cavities of an unfinished wall, against the interior side of sheathing, or through holes drilled in sheathing or drywall into the wall cavity of a finished wall. sometimes also called Foamed-In-Place Insulation by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

Rigid panels/Insulation Rigid panel insulation is made from fibrous materials (fiberglass, rock and slag wool) or from plastic foam. They are sometimes sold in sections designed to fit tightly in standard wall cavities. by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

Rigid polyurethane / Polyisocyanurate (PUR/PIR) foam Rigid polyurethane foam (PUR/PIR) is a closed-cell plastic. It is used as factory made thermal insulation material in the form of insulation boards or block foam, and in combination with various rigid facings as a constructional material or sandwich panel. Polyurethane in-situ foams are manufactured directly on the building site. Rigid polyurethane foam insulation materials (PUR/PIR) Polyurethane – a versatile material by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

Molded Expanded Polystyrene (MEPS) Extruded Expanded Polystyrene (XEPS) Foam Board Polystyrene pellets are mixed with various chemicals to liquefy them. A blowing agent is then injected into the mixture, forming gas bubbles, which produce a closed-cell material that are then molded into large sheets. Commonly known as beadboard, it has an R-value of about 4 per inch of thickness. (XEPS) Foam Board Extruded expanded polystyrene insulation is similar to MEPS, but the foaming, thick liquid is forced through a shaping die. by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

Insulated Concrete Forms( ICF) ICFs are hollow, light-weight "stay in place" forms made of two Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) panels which are connected by polypropylene webs. During construction, the forms are stacked to the desired height then filled with concrete making stable, durable and sustainable walls. by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

Structural insulated panels( SIP) Structural insulated panels (SIPs), also called stressed-skin walls, use the same concept as in foam-core external doors, but extend the concept to the entire house. They can be used for ceilings, floors, walls, and roofs. The panels usually consist of plywood, OSB, sandwiched around a core of expanded polystyrene, polyurethane, polyisocyanurate, compressed wheat straw, or epoxy. by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

Oriented strand board, (OSB) or Sterling board (UK), is an engineered wood product formed by layering strands (flakes) of wood in specific orientations. Oriented strand board, ( OSB) by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

– made from fibrous materials like mineral wool, wood fiber, cotton fiber or animal hair and manufactured to form a mat with thickness of ½” – 4 “ . Some installed with vinyl cardboard or wire mesh and is stapled to sides and edges of studs and joists. Blanket Insulation by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

Batt Insulation Batts are precut, whereas blankets are available in continuous rolls. by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

Fiberglass is a material made from extremely fine fibers of glass. Made from molten glass, usually with 20% to 30% recycled industrial waste and post-consumer content. Rock and slag wool. Usually made from rock (basalt, diabase) or iron ore blast furnace slag. Some rock wool contains recycled glass. Nonflammable. Components of Batt and Blanket Insulation by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

Rock and slag wool by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

Loose Fill b. Granular Insulation from expanded minerals like perlite, vermiculite or ground vegetable matter. a. Fibrous Type – from mineral wool rock, glass wool, slag wool or vegetable fiber usually of wood fiber. Cellulose is 100% natural and 75-85% of it is made from recycled newsprint. by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

Reflective Insulation Consists of 2 layers of 99% aluminum foil laminated to the outsides of 2 sheets of heavy-duty polyethylene air-bubble cushioning. by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

Corrugated Insulation
from paper formed into shapes that produced enclosed air pockets into small regular semi – circular corrugations and covering both sides with sheet of flat paper to give strength and produce the air pockets. by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

Thermal Insulation:
Can be installed in THREE positions:
BELOW the deck
BETWEEN the deck and the membrane
ABOVE the membrane

A vented air space is mandatory when using batt insulation in a flat roof!! If you use rigid polystyrene insulation (the blue kind), no air space is necessary as it is waterproof. Flat Roof: Insulation and Membrane Position by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

Insulation BETWEEN the Deck and the Membrane:
Traditional location for insulation:
use low density rigid panels to support the loads on the roof membrane without allowing puncture of membrane
any water vapour trapped in insulation will cause deck to rot so use topside vents to relieve pressure

Insulation ABOVE the Membrane:
New concept offering major advantages:
membrane protected from extremes of heat and cold, is on the warm side of the insulation
membrane protected from UV radiation
membrane protected from puncture
insulation must be extruded polystryrene foam board which is water resistant and covered with a filter layer to prevent migration of ballast

Vapour Retarders for Low Slope Roofs:
membrane in a protected membrane roof is also the vapour/air barrier
other types of low slope roofs use two layers of asphalt saturated roofing felt bonded together and to the roof with hot asphalt
polyethylene film not used as it melts
situated on the warm side of the insulation

Flat Roof: BUR (traditional) vs. Inverted (newer methodology) by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

is any means of reducing the intensity of sound with respect to a specified source and receptor. Sound Insulation (Soundproofing) Soundproofing affects sound in two different ways: noise reduction and noise absorption . by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

METHODS of ABSORPTION by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in Frictional Flexural Resonating

General Classifications: ACOUSTICAL MATERIALS by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in Porous Materials Panel or Membrane Absorbers Cavity (Helmholtz) Resonators

POROUS MATERIALS Soft, porous materials are very good sound absorbers. The basic acoustical characteristic of these materials is a cellular network of interlocking pores. Within these pores, incident sound energy is converted into heat. Examples of these include acoustical boards, diffusers, soft plasters, mineral wool, and acoustical blankets, among others. by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

POROUS MATERIALS Characteristics: Their sound absorption is more efficient at high, rather than low frequencies. However, their acoustical efficiency improves in the low frequency range with increased thickness and with distance to their solid backing by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

POROUS MATERIALS Categories of Commercial Materials: Various types of perforated, fissured, or textured materials constitute typical units in this group Commonly used materials include: by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in Pre-fabricated Acoustical Units Acoustical Boards Acoustic Hangers Geocoustic Tiles Diffusers

ACOUSTICAL BOARDS These can be installed in several ways: by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in Cemented to a solid backing Nailed or screwed to wood framing Laid in a ceiling suspension system

ACOUSTICAL BOARDS by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

ACOUSTICAL BOARDS by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in Advantages Trade catalogs contain detailed specifications Easy installation and maintenance Flexible absorption Difficult to conceal joints between units Soft structure subject to damage Paint redecoration harmful to absorption Disadvantages

ACOUSTIC HANGERS Acoustic Hangers or baffles- a system of fiber-board panels that are wrapped with insulation and are hung freely using wire or rope. Sample of Acoustic Hangers by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

ACOUSTIC HANGERS by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

GEOCOUSTIC TILES and PANELS Geocoustic Tiles- special prefabricated units for random application on walls and ceilings. by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

GEOCOUSTIC TILES and PANELS by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

DIFFUSERS Diffusers- absorptive material that have, irregular surfaces, or angled or curved fronts, so when mounted on a wall or the ceiling they stop parallel wall interference and prevent standing waves. by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

DIFFUSERS by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

Acoustical Terms
Sound : a vibration or wave motion that can be heard, reaches the ear through air, the air vibrates back and forth in tiny molecular motions of high and low pressure
Decibel : the unit of measurement used to indicate the loudness or intensity of sound; comparable to the “degree” as a measurement of heat or cold
Reverberation Sounds : airborne sounds which continue after the actual source has ceased, caused by reflections from floors, walls and ceilings
Frequency : rate at which sound energized air molecules vibrate
Impact Sounds : sounds that are carried through the building by the vibrations of the structural materials themselves
Masking Sounds : normal sounds within habitable rooms which tend to “mask” some of the external sounds entering the room

Decibels Reduction : expression used to indicate the sound insulating properties of a wall or floor panel
Sound Transmission Loss : STL, the number of decibels which sound loses when transmitted through a wall or floor
Sound Absorption : capacity of a material or object to reduce sound waves by absorbing them, these sounds are otherwise reflected and cause excessive reverberation and build up of intensity within that area
Noise Reduction Coefficient : NRC, the sound absorption of acoustical materials is expressed as the average percentage absorption at the four frequencies which are representative of most household noises, these frequencies are 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 cycles/second
Sound Transmission Class : STC, single number which represents the minimum performance of a wall or floor at all frequencies, the higher the STC number, the more efficient the wall or floor will be in reducing sound transmission.
Acoustical Terms by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

The Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) is a scalar representation of the amount of sound energy absorbed upon striking a particular surface. An NRC of 0 indicates perfect reflection; an NRC of 1 indicates perfect absorption. In particular, it is the average of four sound absorption coefficients of the particular surface at frequencies of 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, and 2000 Hz. These frequencies encompass the fundamental frequencies and first few overtones of typical human speech, and, therefore, the NRC provides a decent and simple quantification of how well the particular surface will absorb the human voice. A more broad frequency range should be considered for applications such as music or controlling mechanical noise. Specifications for materials used in sound absorption commonly include an NRC for simplicity, in addition to more detailed frequency vs amplitude charts.
NRC : Noise Reduction Coefficient by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

Sound Transmission Class (STC) is an integer rating of how well a building partition attenuates airborne sound. In the USA, it is widely used to rate interior partitions, ceilings/floors, doors, windows and exterior wall configurations
The STC number is derived from sound attenuation values tested at sixteen standard frequencies from 125 Hz to 4000 Hz. These transmission-loss values are then plotted on a sound pressure level graph and the resulting curve is compared to a standard reference contour.
STC – Sound Transmission Class by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

DECIBELS by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in

Indian Standards (IS CODE) for INSULATION by manish jain architect : www.frontdesk.co.in IS CODE Title IS 9742 : 1993 Sprayed mineral wool thermal insulation IS 9743 : 1990 Thermal insulation finishing cements IS 10556 : 1983 Code of Practice for Storage and Handling of Thermal Insulation Materials IS 12432 : Part 1 : 1988 Code of practice for application of spray applied insulation Part 1 Mineral fibre IS 12436 : 1988 Specification for Preformed Rigid Polyurethane (Pur) and Polyisocyanurate (Pir) Foams for Thermal Insulation IS 13205 : 1991 Code of practice for the application of polyurethane insulation by the in-situ pouring method IS 14164 : 1994 Industrial application and finishing of thermal insulation material at temperature above - 80° C and up to 700° C - Code of practice

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Heat & sound insulation

by manish jain on Aug 29, 2011

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Heat & sound insulation — Presentation Transcript