Spanish Business and Entrepreneuship Francisco Diaz Bretones University of Granada (Spain) [email_address] Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Bretones, F. D. (2001). Spanish business and entrepreneurship . Pan American Days 2001. April 16–20, 2001. Edimburg TX. University of Texas at Edimburg . Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

European enterprises UE-15: 18,444,000 Italy: 3,798,000 U.K.: 3,313,000 Germany: 3,261,000 Spain: 2,402,000 France: 2,322,000 Greece: 733,000 Portugal: 642,000 Belgium: 518,000 Netherland: 516,000 Austria: 243,000 Sweden: 243,000 Finland: 194,000 Denmark: 164,000 Ireland: 76,000 Luxembourg: 19,000 Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

UE-15: 18,444,000

Italy: 3,798,000

U.K.: 3,313,000

Germany: 3,261,000

Spain: 2,402,000

France: 2,322,000

Greece: 733,000

Portugal: 642,000

Belgium: 518,000

Netherland: 516,000

Austria: 243,000

Sweden: 243,000

Finland: 194,000

Denmark: 164,000

Ireland: 76,000

Luxembourg: 19,000

Creation of enterpries (per year) Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Spanish enterprises profile Without workers: 54.60% 1-2 workers: 25.66% 3-5 workers: 9.50% 6-9 workers: 4.18% 10-19 workers: 3.28% More than 20 workers: 2.76% (INE, 2000) Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Without workers: 54.60%

1-2 workers: 25.66%

3-5 workers: 9.50%

6-9 workers: 4.18%

10-19 workers: 3.28%

More than 20 workers: 2.76%

(INE, 2000)

Spanish entrepreneur´s motivation Economic opportunities (62.8%). Personal factors (25.5%). Profesional development (11.7%). Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Economic opportunities (62.8%).

Personal factors (25.5%).

Profesional development (11.7%).

Economic problems Taxes. Inflation. Banks rates. Appropriate personnel's readiness. Transports. Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Taxes.

Inflation.

Banks rates.

Appropriate personnel's readiness.

Transports.

Financing Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Personal factors Educational level. Age. Personal values. Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Educational level.

Age.

Personal values.

Personal factors: educational level Labor aspirations and level of education. Other psychological dimensions. Level of the entreprenuers' education and the size of the company. Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Labor aspirations and level of education.

Other psychological dimensions.

Level of the entreprenuers' education and the size of the company.

Personal factors: age From 21 to 25 years: 87%, More than 35 years old: 67% Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

From 21 to 25 years: 87%,

More than 35 years old: 67%

Personal factors: values Willful, energetic, resolved, tenacious, logical, rational, methodical, rigorous, demanding and nice brave, motivated. The initiative, the responsibility and the professional profile. Innovative spirit, Capacity to coordinate and assume risks. Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Willful, energetic, resolved, tenacious, logical, rational, methodical, rigorous, demanding and nice brave, motivated.

The initiative, the responsibility and the professional profile.

Innovative spirit, Capacity to coordinate and assume risks.

Personal factors: psychological dimensions n Achievment. Locus of Control. Propensity to Risk. Attitudes. Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

n Achievment.

Locus of Control.

Propensity to Risk.

Attitudes.

Professional development Unemployment. Professional experience. Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Unemployment.

Professional experience.

Professional development: unemployment Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Professional development: experience Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Professional development: experience Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship