Trends on Adaptive Object Model Research

Trends in Adaptive Object Model Research Filipe Figueiredo Correia1,2 and Hugo Sereno Ferreira1,3 1 ParadigmaXis — Arquitectura e Engenharia de Software, S.A., Avenida da Boavista, 1043, 4100-129 Porto, Portugal {filipe.correia,hugo.ferreira}@paradigmaxis.pt http://www.paradigmaxis.pt/ 2 FEUP — Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n 4200-465, Porto, Portugal filipe.correia@fe.up.pt http://www.fe.up.pt/ 3 MAP-I Doctoral Programme in Computer Science hugo.ferreira@di.uminho.pt http://www.map.edu.pt/i

Contents  Model Driven Engineering  Adaptive Object Models (AOMs)  The Design of AOMs  The Oghma System  Open Issues  Future Work in Oghma  Final Remarks Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 2

Model Driven Engineering  Abstracting business domains and technology  Requirements  Design and implementation  Different approaches to modeling  Static – centred on documentation, or generative techniques  Dynamic – runtime models Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 3

Adaptive Object Models  Dynamic metamodeling technique  Several abstraction levels in play at runtime  A metamodel is seen as a firstclass model  MOF could be used to handle the different levels Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 4

Adaptive Object Models Many objectoriented information systems share an architectural style that emphasizes flexibility and runtime adaptability. Business rules are stored externally to the program such as in a database or XML files instead of in code. The object model that the user cares about is part of the database, and the object model of the code is just an interpreter of the users' object model. We call these systems quot;Adaptive ObjectModelsquot;, because the users' object model is interpreted at runtime and can be changed with immediate (but controlled) effects on the system interpreting it. Joseph Yoder, et al. [11] Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 5

The Design of AOMs – Common Design See references [4], [5] and [8]. Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 6

The Design of AOMs – Design Patterns  Core  GUI TypeSquare; TypeObject; Property; PropertyRenderer; EntentyView; DynamicView; Accountability; ValueObject; NullObject; Workflow SmartVariable  Process  Creational DomainSpecificAbstraction; SimpleSystem; Builder; AOMBuilder; DynamicFactory; ThreeExamples; WhiteBox, BlackBox; Bootstraping; DependencyInjection; ComponentLibrary; Hotspots; PluggableObjects; VisualLanguage FinedGrainedObjects; VisualBuilder; LanguageTools  Behavioral  Instrumental DynamicHooks; Strategy; RuleObject; RuleEngine; Typecube; Interpreter ContextObject; Versioning; History; Caching Welicki et al. [14] Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 7

The Oghma System  Based on an AOM  Heads towards a framework for information systems  Is an adaptive system at several levels  Model  Messages  Addressing  User interface  Persistence Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 8

The Oghma System – OO Meta-Model Design Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 9

The Oghma System – What does it bring of new? Has Oghma's approach something of new to add to AOM's already known and documented issues? Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 10

The Oghma System – Research fronts  Persistence  Modeling Language  Business Rules  ClientServer architecture  Queries  Addressing scheme  User Interfaces Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 11

The Oghma System – Persistence  Based on model transformation techniques  Bijective transformations between relational and object models (only at the instance level) Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 12

The Oghma System – Modeling Language  UMLbased, but does not cover all of UML's specification  Supports Interfaces, Associative Classes and Navigability  Finding the right level of expressiveness Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 13

The Oghma System – Modeling Language Example <?xml version=quot;1.0quot; encoding=quot;UTF-8quot;?> <model><data> (...) <entity id=quot;computerquot; name=quot;Computerquot; tostring=quot;{brand} {model} (€{price})quot;> <list format=quot;{brand} {model} | {price}quot; columns=quot;{brand} {model} | {price}quot; /> <attr id=quot;brandquot; name=quot;Brandquot; domain=quot;stringquot; cardinality=quot;1quot; /> <attr id=quot;modelquot; name=quot;Modelquot; domain=quot;stringquot; cardinality=quot;1quot; /> <attr id=quot;pricequot; name=quot;Pricequot; domain=quot;integerquot; cardinality=quot;1quot; /> <attr id=quot;yearboughtquot; name=quot;yearboughtquot; domain=quot;integerquot; cardinality=quot;1quot; /> </entity> <entity id=quot;desktopquot; name=quot;Desktopquot; inherits=quot;Computerquot;/> <entity id=quot;laptopquot; name=quot;Laptopquot; inherits=quot;Computerquot;> <attr id=quot;weightquot; name=quot;Weightquot; domain=quot;integerquot; cardinality=quot;1quot; /> </entity> <entity id=quot;partquot; name=quot;Computer partquot;> <attr id=quot;namequot; name=quot;Namequot; domain=quot;stringquot; cardinality=quot;1quot; /> <attr id=quot;typequot; name=quot;typequot; domain=quot;enumquot; cardinality=quot;1quot; /> </entity> <relationship id=quot;rel_computer_partquot;> <node entity=quot;computerquot; id=quot;partsquot; name=quot;Detalhesquot; cardinality=quot;0..*quot; navigable=quot;truequot; /> <node entity=quot;partquot; id=quot;computersquot; name=quot;Dimensõesquot; cardinality=quot;0..*quot; navigable=quot;falsequot; /> </relationship> (...) </data></model> Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 14

The Oghma System – Business Rules  Defined in a declarative way, and part of the model  Enforced on the server side (semantic integrity)  Enforced on the client side (inputs validation; rapid feedback) Example <?xml version=quot;1.0quot; encoding=quot;UTF-8quot;?> (...) <entity id=quot;bookquot; name=quot;Bookquot; inherits=quot;Documentquot;> <attr id=quot;titlequot; name=quot;Titlequot; domain=quot;stringquot; /> <attr id=quot;isbnquot; name=quot;ISBNquot; domain=quot;stringquot; regex=quot;^[0-9]{3}-[0-9]-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{6}-[0-9]$quot; /> <attr id=quot;authorquot; name=quot;Authorquot; domain=quot;stringquot; cardinality=quot;1..*quot; /> </entity> (...) Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 15

The Oghma System – Client-Server  Adaptive modelbased message schema  Exchange of metalevel and operationallevel elements  REST/XML over HTTP (eased debugging, caching, authentication) Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 16

The Oghma System – Queries  Two querying metamodels  Objectoriented (serializable/deserializable to a URLbased representation)  Relationaloriented (serializable to SQL)  Objectoriented query instances are transformed into relationaloriented query instances Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 17

The Oghma System – Addressing Scheme  Directly derives from the use of RESTfull resources  Adaptive modelbased addressing Example http://oghma.paradigmaxis.pt/computer/laptop/@schema http://oghma.paradigmaxis.pt/computer/laptop/4A3615F1-5A91-22E4-0B1D-1416F93D4412 http://oghma.paradigmaxis.pt/computer/laptop/4A3615F1-5A91-22E4-0B1D-1416F93D4412/parts http://oghma.paradigmaxis.pt/computer/laptop[yearbought lt 2005] Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 18

The Oghma System – User Interfaces  Adaptive modelbased user interfaces  Rendering of entities  Rendering of value properties (attributes)  Rendering of instance properties (relations)  Renderers chosen according to model information  Attribute types  Cardinalities  Navigability Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 19

The Oghma System – User Interfaces Example (1) Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 20

The Oghma System – User Interfaces Example (2) Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 21

Open Issues in AOMs  Higher initial development cost  Higher complexity than traditional systems  Harder to understand and maintain  Model maintenance  Development of tools from scratch  Model evolution  Need to assess the impact of AOMs on software quality metrics Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 22

Future Work in Oghma (1)  Metamodel transformations  Monolithic vs rulebased  Model evolution  Mapping elements from two different metamodels  Leverage the concept of refactorings (metarefactorings?)  Develop tools that assist the migration process Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 23

Future Work in Oghma (2)  Ontology model  A form of knowledge representation  A possible replacement for the UMLoriented metamodel  Formalize this new knowledge as design patterns Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 24

Final Remarks  Use when domain models change at a fast rate  Oghma was developed with little knowledge of the existing research on AOMs  It has now taken some benefit from this knowledge  It possesses also some characteristics that haven't been documented before in the context of AOMs Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 25

The End or perhaps just the beginning... Filipe Figueiredo Correia & Hugo Sereno Ferreira Trends In Adaptive Object Models Research 26 http://flickr.com/photos/21443321@N06/2103626456/

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Trends on Adaptive Object Model Research

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