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Chapter 10


                          (E)GPRS protocols

 10.1 GPRS Protocols
 1.    The RLC/MAC protocol
 2.    The Medium Access control (MAC) header DL
 3.    The GPRS Medium Access Control header UL
 4.    DL + UL control blocks
 5.    Control Messages
 6.    DL control header
 7.    GPRS Downlink RLC/MAC data block
 8.    DL RLC header
 9.    GPRS Uplink RLC/MAC data block
 10.   UL RLC header
 10.2 Coding Schemes and Link Adaptation
       1.   GPRS Channel Coding
       2.   Differentiation of the Coding Schemes
       3.   GPRS Link Adaptation
       4.   Link Adaptation Algorithm
Chapter 10

                 (E)GPRS Protocols
 10.3 Enhancements of EDGE versus GPRS
     1.    Enhancements of EDGE versus GPRS
     2.    8PSK
     3.    8-PSK phase transitions
     4.    Burst types
     5.    Detailed 8-PSK
     6.    GPRS and EDGE TS sharing
 10.4 Protocol structures
     1.    EGPRS Channel Coding
     2.    EGPRS MCS Families
     3.    The padding option
     4.    Combined RLC/MAC Header for EDGE user data
     5.    Differences in the Headertypes
     6.    MAC part of combined RLC/MAC header
     7.    Other new fields in the RLC/MAC header
     8.    The RLC part of combined RLC/MAC Header
     9.    Channel coding in EGPRS
     10.   Coding and Interleaving
     11.   Coding Process Example: MCS-2 DL
     12.   Coding Process Example: MCS-8 DL
     13.   EGPRS Coding Parameters
     14.   EDGE coding compared with GPRS
 10.5 RLC MAC enhancements
     1.    EDGE specific RLC/MAC modifications
     2.    Network access mechanism
     3.    EGPRS Packet Channel Request
     4.    other new RLC/MAC messages for EGPRS
The RLC/MAC protocol

        Radio Link Control (RLC) and Medium Access Control (MAC) realize OSI layer 2 functions.
        Both, RLC and MAC are described in GSM 04.60 (44.060).

        The main functions of RLC are:
                 -The segmentation of LLC frames
                 -The provision of an acknowledged and unacknowledged operation mode

        The main functions of MAC are:
                 -The control of the access to the network resources:
                 -The sharing of the network resources to several mobiles:
  RLC
                           For the DL: Usage of the TFI
                           For the UL: Usage of the USF (and TFI)
                 -The control of the release of the network resources
  MAC
                 -Release of Uplink TBF: Countdown Procedure
                 -Release of Downlink TBF: Final Block Indicator

        Both, for data transfer and transfer of control messages different RLC/MAC blocks are
        specified in UL and DL direction.
        That means, that in total 4 different types of RLC/MAC blocks are used in GPRS:
                   -DL RLC/MAC control blocks (used for GPRS and E-GPRS)
                   -UL RLC/MAC control blocks (used for GPRS and E-GPRS)
                   -GPRS DL RLC/MAC data blocks
                   -GPRS UL RLC/MAC data blocks
Radio Block Structures

 Radio Block for data transfer   Radio blocks for data transfer may be encoded using CS-1 to CS-4.


     MAC Header      RLC Header                        RLC Data                     BCS

        8 bits                              octets of one or several LLC PDUs
A GPRS radio block for data transmission holds following fields:
• MAC header; 8 bits, different content in UL and DL
• RLC header; This is a variable length field holding control data.
• RLC data; This field contains octets from one or several LLC PDUs.
• BCS field; Block Check Sequence is used for error detection.


 Radio Block for control message

 For Radio blocks carrying RLC/MAC control messages CS-1 has to be used

    MAC Header                      RLC/MAC Control Message                        BCS

The GPRS radio block for control messages holds an 8 bit long MAC header, one RLC/MAC control
message in the RLC/MAC Control Message field, and a BCS field for error detection
The Medium Access control (MAC) header DL
                                        8      7       6       5     4      3     2       1     Bit-No
        USF
  MAC Header            In DL         Payload Type      RRBP        S/P          USF                 MAC header


         USF           The Uplink State Flag (USF) field is sent in all downlink RLC/MAC blocks and indicates who
                                 is allowedto send in the next uplink radio block on the same timeslot (see
3GPP TS 45.002).
The USF field is three bits in length and eight different USF values can be assigned, except on PCCCH, where the
value '111' (USF=FREE) indicates that the corresponding uplink radio block contains PRACH.
  S/P               0      RRBP field is not valid              The Relative Reserved Block Period (RRBP)
                    1      RRBP field is valid                  field specifies a single uplink block in which the
     RRBP                                                       mobile station shall transmit either a PACKET
                   00     (N+13) mod 2715648                    CONTROL ACKNOWLEDGEMENT message or a
                   01     (N+17 or N+18) mod 2715648            PACCH block to the network
                                                                Supplementary/Polling (S/P) Bit is used to
                   10 (N+21 or N+22) mod 2715648                indicate whether the RRBP field is valid or not
                   11 (N+26) mod 2715648                        valid

  Payload Type    00    RLC/MAC block contains an RLC data block
                  01    RLC/MAC block contains an RLC/MAC control block that does not include the optional
                        octets of the RLC/MAC control header
                  10    In the downlink direction, the RLC/MAC block contains an RLC/MAC control block that
                        includes the optional first octet of the RLC/MAC control header.
                  11    Reserved. In this version of the protocol, the mobile station shall ignore all fields of the
                        RLC/MAC block except for the USF field
The GPRS Medium Access Control header UL
                                       8      7       6       5      4        3   2    1     Bit-No
     MAC Header               In UL
                                      Payload Type                spare                R      UL MAC header for control

                                      Payload Type        Countdown Value         SI   R       UL MAC header for data
                  The Retry (R) bit shall indicate whether the mobile station transmitted the CHANNEL REQUEST
       R
                  message (see 3GPP TS 44.018), PACKET CHANNEL REQUEST message, or EGPRS PACKET
                  CHANNEL REQUEST message one time or more than one time during its most recent channel
                  access
                     spare
                                             Set to zero - bits are ignored

      Payload Type        00    RLC/MAC block contains an RLC data block
                          01    RLC/MAC block contains an RLC/MAC control block
                          10    Reserved.
                          11    Reserved.
       SI     The Stall indicator (SI) bit indicates whether the mobile's RLC transmit window can advance (i.e.is not
              stalled) or can not advance (i.e. is stalled). The mobile station shall set the SI bit in all uplink RLC data
              blocks.

            Countdown Value               The Countdown Value (CV) field is sent by the mobile station to allow the network
                                          to calculate the number of RLC data blocks remaining for the current uplink RLC
    entity. The CV field is 4 bits in length and is encoded as a binary number with range 0 to 15
DL + UL control blocks

        DL control block

    8         7       6       5       4      3   2         1   Bit-No
   Payload Type        RRBP          S/P         USF                                 MAC header
  RBSN                     RTI                   FS    AC      octet 1    optional        Control
         PR                         TFI                    D
                                                               octet 2    octets          header

                                                               octet M

                    Control Message Contents                                              RLC/MAC
                                                                                          signaling
                                                               octet 21
                                                               octet 22


         UL control block

 Payload Type                     spare                R
                                                                For the UL control block no optional control header is
                                                                preseen
                  Control Message Contents
Control Messages (Rel 97/98) I

        Control Message Contents
              (the basic set)

  Uplink TBF establishment messages:     Packet Access Reject
                                         Packet Channel Request
                                         Packet Queuing Notification
                                         Packet Resource Request
                                         Packet Uplink Assignment
  Downlink TBF establishment messages:   Packet Downlink Assignment
  TBF release messages:                  Packet TBF Release
  Paging messages:                       Packet Paging Request
  RLC messages:                          Packet Downlink Ack/Nack
                                         Packet Uplink Ack/Nack
  System information messages:           Packet System Information Type 1
                                         Packet System Information Type 2
                                         Packet System Information Type 3
                                         Packet System Information Type 3 bis
                                         Packet System Information Type 4
                                         Packet System Information Type 5
                                         Packet System Information Type 13
Control Messages (Rel 97/98) II

                                                    Packet Control Acknowledgement
                                                    Packet Cell Change Failure
                                                    Packet Cell Change Order
                                                    Packet Downlink Dummy Control Block
                                                    Packet Uplink Dummy Control Block
                                                    Packet Measurement Report
                                                    Packet Measurement Order
      Miscellaneous messages:                       Packet Mobile TBF Status
                                                    Packet PDCH Release
                                                    Packet Polling Request
                                                    Packet Power Control/Timing Advance
                                                    Packet PRACH Parameters
                                                    Packet PSI Status
                                                    Packet Timeslot Reconfigure

Downlink RLC/MAC control messages and Uplink RLC/MAC control messages, except those using the access
burst formats, are received in the RLC/MAC control block format. The different types of messages are
distinguished by the MESSAGE_TYPE field
DL control header
       RBSN                   RTI                 FS     AC     octet 1     optional        Control
              PR                     TFI                  D
                                                                octet 2     octets          header

  AC
             The Address Control (AC) bit is used to indicate the presence of the optional TFI/D octet in the header of
             downlink RLC/MAC control block.
  FS
             The Final Segment (FS) bit indicates that the downlink RLC/MAC control block contains the final segment
             of an RLC/MAC control message .

                    RTI
                                 The Radio Transaction Identifier (RTI) field is used to group the downlink
RLC/MAC control blocks that make up an RLC/MAC control message and identifies the segmented control message
sequence with which the downlink RLC/MAC control block is associated. The RTI field is five bits in length with range
0 to 31.
 RBSN         The Reduced Block Sequence Number (RBSN) bit carries the sequence number of the downlink
              RLC/MAC control blocks. The RBSN bit is encoded as a binary number with range 0 to 1.

   D          The Direction (D) bit indicates the direction of the TBF identified by the TFI field in the downlink RLC/MAC
              control block header.(0-UL, 1-DL).

                    TFI
                                In downlink RLC/MAC control blocks, the TFI identifies the Temporary Block Flow
(TBF) to which the RLC/MAC control message contained in the downlink RLC/MAC control block relates.
        PR           The Power Reduction (PR) field indicates the power level reduction of the current RLC block.
                     (important for DL PC).
GPRS Downlink RLC/MAC data block

          8        7       6       5       4    3   2      1    Bit-No
        Payload Type        RRBP          S/P       USF                                MAC
                                                                                       header
              PR                          TFI             FBI   octet 1
                                BSN                       E
                                                                octet 2
                       Length Indicator             M     E     octet 3
                                                                                       RLC
                                                                            optional   header
                                                                            octets
                       Length Indicator             M     E
                                                                octet M
                                                                octet M+1

                                                                                       RLC
                                 RLC data
                                                                                       data
                                                                                       unit
                                                            octet N-1
                                                            octet N
                         Spare bits             Spare bits  (if present)
Optional octets: one octet may be present for each LLC (or part of LLC) contained. Length indicator
indicates the length of the LLC in octetts. Only the last segment of any Upper Layer PDU of a TBF
(either this segment carries the entire Upper Layer PDU or not) shall be identified with a Length
Indicator within the corresponding RLC data block.
DL RLC header
        PR                    TFI                 FBI     octet 1
                      BSN                          E                          of RLC header
                                                          octet 2
  FBI    The Final block indicator (FBI) bit indicates that the downlink RLC data block is the last RLC data block of
         the downlink TBF. (0 - not the last block, 1 – the last block)
                TFI
                                    In RLC data blocks, the TFI (Temporary Floww Identity) identifies the Temporary
Block Flow (TBF) to which the RLC data block belongs. For the downlink and the uplink TFI the TFI field is 5 bits in
length.
     PR         The Power Reduction (PR) field indicates the power level reduction of the current RLC block.
                (important for DL PC).
   E    The Extension (E) bit is used to indicate the presence of an optional octet in the RLC data block
        header.
M E bit in optional part                      Length Indicator             M      E        Optional octets
0 0 if received by the mobile station it shall ignore all fields of the RLC/MAC block except for the fields of the
     MAC header
0 1 no LLC data after the current LLC PDU, no more extension octets
1 0 a new LLC PDU starts after the current LLC PDU and there is another extension octet, which delimits the
     new LLC PDU
1 1 a new LLC PDU starts after the current LLC PDU and continues until the end of the RLC information field,
     no more extension octets
                     BSN                         The Block Sequence Number (BSN) field carries the sequence
                                                 absolute Block Sequence Number (BSN') modulo Sequence Number
Space (SNS) of each RLC data block within the TBF. In GPRS, the BSN is 7 bits in length and is encoded as a
binary number with range 0 to 127.
DL RLC header II

  Optional octets                                          Length Indicator    M E



 LLC 1 and 2 completely contained, LLC 3 starts, continues in next RLC Data block:
    LLC 3      LLC 2 Y octets          LLC 1 X octets              Y           1   1         X            1   0   E=0 in RLC header   MAC


    Start of LLC 3                                         1 optional octet            1 optional octet


 LLC 1 continued from previous block and LLC fits2 precisely into the RLC:
     LLC 2 Y octets             LLC 1 X octets                    Y            0   1         X            1   0   E=0 in RLC header   MAC


                        Rest of LLC 1                      1 optional octet            1 optional octet

 LLC 1 continued from previous block and continues in next block, no optional octet needed:
                                                            X octets of LLC1                                      E=1 in RLC header   MAC


                          Part of LLC 1 that started in a former RLC and continuous in next
   Next radio              LLC 2 Y octets                  Y octets of LLC1                  Y            1   0   E=0 in RLC header   MAC
    block
                         Part of LLC 2                  Rest of LLC 1                  1 optional octet


Optional octets are always present, if there is a LLC border, inside the RLC, exceptions are defined for last blocks.
GPRS Uplink RLC/MAC data block

     8      7          6       5        4    3   2      1      Bit-No
    Payload Type           Countdown Value       SI     R                                MAC
                                                                                         header
    spare   PI                         TFI              TI     octet 1
                             BSN                        E      octet 2
                   Length Indicator              M      E      octet 3
                                   .
                                   .
                                   .
                                                                                         RLC
                   Length Indicator              M      E      octet M                   header
                                                                              Optional
                                                               octet M+1      octets

                                TLLI

                                                               octet M+4
                             PFI                        E
                                                               octet M+5


                              RLC data                         octet N-1                 RLC
                                                               octet N                   data
                        Spare bits                Spare bits   (if present)              unit
UL RLC header
   spare     PI                   TFI                    TI   octet 1
                          BSN                            E                     of RLC header
                                                              octet 2

    TI     The TLLI Indicator (PI) bit indicates the presence of an optional PFI field within the RLC data block.
           0- field not present
           1- field present

 TheTLLI field is present during one phase access in all UL datablocks until the
                                                                                            TLLI
 first Acknowledgement is received in DL (Contention resolution procedure).

                   TFI                  Used as in DL.

    PI      The PFI Indicator (TI) bit indicates the presence of an optional PFI field within the RLC data block.
            0- field not present                                                    PFI (Packet Flow Indication)
            1- field present
             If the network indicates that it supports packet flow procedures (Network support of packet flow
             context (PFC) procedures is indicated by the PFC_FEATURE_MODE parameter that is broadcast on
             either the BCCH or PBCCH) and a PFC exists for the LLC data to be transferred the packet flow
             identifier has to be present

 spare       E


                               Remaining fields are used as in DL.           Length Indicator              M        E
                         BSN
PFI field

PFI, if the network indicates that it supports packet flow procedures (Network support of packet flow context
(PFC) procedures is indicated by the PFC_FEATURE_MODE parameter that is broadcast on either the BCCH or
PBCCH) and a PFC exists for the LLC data to be transferred. PFI, if the network indicates that it supports packet
flow procedures (If the network indicates it supports multiple TBF (Rel 6) procedures then it shall also indicate
support for PFC procedures ) and a PFC exists for the LLC data to be transferred. In case no valid PFI value is
allocated for the LLC data to be transmitted, and the network indicates support for the PFC procedures, an MS
supporting PFC procedures shall associate and indicate the following PFI values for the LLC data:
PFI = 0 (Best Effort) for user data,
PFI = 1 (Signalling) for GMM/SM signalling (LLC SAPI 1), or
PFI = 2 (SMS) for Short Message Service (LLC SAPI 7), or
PFI = 3 (TOM8) for LLC SAPI 8 data.
BSS packet flow contexts describe QoS characteristics for the data transmission.

                                           BSS
                          Um
                                                                                  SGSN
                                          Buffer 1
                                                                          PFC
                                                                           1

                         TBF                                    BSS
                                                               Context
                                          Buffer 2
                                                                          PFC
                                                                           2



                                                               Gb
Chapter 10.2


                           The Air Interface

 10.2 Coding Schemes and Link Adaptation
 1.   GPRS Channel Coding
 2.   Differentiation of the Coding Schemes
 3.   GPRS Link Adaptation
 4.   Link Adaptation Algorithm
GPRS Channel Coding
Channel coding for                        Radio Block
 CS-1, CS-2, CS-3      USF                                        BCS


                                convolutionary coding: rate 1/2




                                    Puncturing for CS 2 and 3




Coding Parameters                                                       Radio Blocks for

       code USF BCS radio block excl. coded punctured data rate         control messages
       rate bits bits USF and BCS      bits    bits     kbps
CS-1    1/2  3   40       181          456      0       9.05                      CS-1
CS-2   ≈2/3  3   16       268          588     132      13.4            data transfer
CS-3   ≈3/4  3   16       312          676     220      15.6                CS-1 CS-2
CS-4     1   3   16       428          456      -       21.4                CS-4 CS-3
Differentiation of the Coding Schemes

                  Encoded and punctured bits (456)

            USF                         Header + Data + BCS
      The Radio block is now interleaved onto 4 normal bursts in the same way as for SACCH

                             The                       11          11          00          00
                             Stealing
                             bits in                   11          00          10          01
                             the
                             normal
                                                       11          10          00          01
                             bursts
                             indicate
                             the CS.                   11          00          01          10

                                                      CS 1        CS 2        CS 3       CS 4

In GPRS existing coding techniques are used. In DL blocks the USF is treated separately (stronger
encoded) but the same type of encoding is used in UL and DL (That means the first 3 bits of the
UL Mac header are unnecessarily strong protected. CS 1 is the same as that used for SACCH
coding (1/2 rate encoding). CS 2 and 3 is a punctured version (some doubled bits are deleted,
more for CS 3). CS 4 has no redundancy. The used CS is indicated by the Stealing Bits. This
allows blind detection. GPRS MS have to support all CSs, the network may support only a subset.
GPRS Link Adaptation


                                               CS 1 - 4: Bit Rate Comparison
                          20

                          18
                                                                                            CS1
                          16                                                                CS2
                                                                                            CS3
Net Throughput (kbit/s)




                          14                                                                CS4
                          12

                          10

                          8

                          6

                          4

                          2

                          0
                           18   17   16   15   14   13   12   11   10   9      8      7     6        5
                                                                   Carrier / Interference C/I (dB)
Link Adaptation Algorithm

 The coding scheme will change based on defined
 BLER Thresholds
 The BLER thresholds are a result of simulations
                                                CS1
 Different thresholds for hopping and non hopping
                                                CS2
 networks                                       CS3




                                                                                            Net Throughput (kbit/s)
                                     14         CS4
 The PCU defines which CS to use in UL and DL
   Example !!!!!                                                                       12




                                     Max CS 2: 12 Kbit/s (no header)
  From CS1 to CS2                                                                      10                                 CS1 & CS2
                                                                       Retransmissionrate                                 Crosspoint
                                                                       5.2Kbit/s      8
      CS1 FH 14%
      CS1 NFH 69%                                                                      6
                                                                       Crosspoint FH   4
  From CS2 to CS1                                                      6.8 Kbit/s
                                                                                       2
      CS2 FH 43% =(5.2/12) x 100 %                                                     0
      CS2 NFH 79%                                                                      9 18                           8   7    6       5
                                                                               Carrier / Interference C/I (dB)
LA operation
                        MS                                                BTS                                                 BSC
  UL – LLC data in MS
                                 CHNREQ (Uplink TBF)
                                                                                   CHNRD (UplinkTBF)
                        RACH
                                                                                                                                IACMD (IMASS)




                                           Packet UL Ass.: TFI; USF; CS
                          I (IMASS)
                                                                                   IACMD (IMASS) Packet UL Ass.: TFI; USF; CS
                                                                                                                                    Initial CS is told to MS
                                                                        AGCH

                                                                                 PCU - DL (PDDCB) USF
                                 RMAC- DL (PDDCB)USF

                                 ( ... )
                                                                       PDTCH       ( ... )
                                 RMAC- UL (PUDCB)
                                                                                 PCU - UL (PUDCB)
                         PDTCH
                                 RMAC- UL (DATA) TLLI; BSN=0; CV=15
                                                                                 PCU - UL (DATA) TLLI; BSN=0; CV=15
                         PDTCH
                                 ( ... )                                           ( ... )


                                 RMAC- UL (DATA) TLLI; BSN=x; CV=15
                                                                                 PCU - UL (DATA) TLLI; BSN=x; CV=15
                        PDTCH
                                                                               PCU - DL (PUAN) TLLI:Cont.R.; Ack BSN=0; USF         PCU may command
                                 RMAC- DL (PUAN) TLLI: Cont. R.; ...
                                                                       PACCH                                                        a new CS
                                 RMAC- UL (DATA) TLLI; BSN=x+1; CV=15
                                                                                 PCU - UL (DATA) TLLI; BSN=x+1; CV=15
                        PDTCH
PDDCB        Packet Downlink... )
                           ( Dummy Control Block                                   ( ... )
PUDCB       Packet Uplink Dummy Control Block
PUAN        Packet Uplink Ack/Nack
PDAN        Packet Downlink Ack/Nack
Cont R      contention Resolution
Chapter 10


                      EGPRS Protocols
 10.3 Enhancements of EDGE versus GPRS
 1.   EGPRS enhancements
 2.   8PSK
 3.   8-PSK phase transitions
 4.   Burst types
 5.   Detailed 8-PSK
 6.   GPRS and EDGE TS sharing
EGPRS enhancements

  EGPRS is mainly an BSS internal enhancement of existing GPRS protocols.
                           -modified RLC/MAC protocol
  RLC          RLC         -Option to use 8PSK on the air
                           -Requires the support of MS
  MAC          MAC
                        -Requires new transport solution on Abis

 GSM RF          GSM RF

  MS        Um      BSS


    RLC                                                              RLC
                              New control messages
                              New data block formats
    MAC                                                              MAC

                                      PCU          Dynamic Abis   PCU Frames
  GSM RF     Option to    GSM RF     Frames
             use 8PSK                 PCM                            PCM

    MS       Um                    BTS            Abis               PCU
8PSK

  GSM RF    enhancement               The assignment of the different symbols to the
                                        coordinates in the I/Q diagram seems to be
                Q                          random. But it follows a GRAY code. If a
                 (0,1,0)                   symbol is falsely interpreted as one of its
                                                 neighbours, only one bit is wrong.
     (0,0,0)               (0,1,1)
                                                                                            Q0


  (0,0,1)                   (1,1,1)




                                                                                                       I1
                                                                                                     ,1)
                                                                                      ,1)




                                                                                                 (1,1
                                                                                  (0,1
                                                                                            (0,1,0)
                               I                                   (0,0,0)                                   (0,1,1)




                                                                   ,0)




                                                                                                                     ,0)
                                                         1
                                                        Q


                                                               (0,1




                                                                                                                 (1,1
     (1,0,1)               (1,1,0)
                 (1,0,0)                                     (0,0,1)                                               (1,1,1) I
                                                                                                                             0




                                                                                                                      ,0)
                                                                                                                  (1,0
With every symbol duration




                                                                   ,0)
                                                               (0,0
(which is equal to the bit duration                                                                          (1,1,0)
                                                                    (1,0,1)
in standard GSM, 3.7 µs), it rotates by 3p/8




                                                                                  ,1)




                                                                                                       ,1)
                                                                                            (1,0,0)




                                                                              (0,0




                                                                                                   (1,0
corresponding to 67.5° to avoid zero crossings.
• 3Π/8-8-PSK which is used for EDGE
8-PSK phase transitions
                Q0


                                              Minimum Amplitude -15 dB


                                               ‚usefull‘ Amplitude 0 dB

                                I0
                                          maximum Amplitude +4 dB




  Possible phase transitions in I-Q-diagram
  (for EDGE several successive symbols
  define the phase transitions)
Burst types

                                                   •   Frequency Correction Burst,
                                                   •   Synchronisation Burst,
Normal Burst:                                      •   Access Burst,
                                                   •   Dummy Burst       GMSK
                                    training                              only
  tail                             sequence                                           tail
  bits                                bits                                            bits
  000         58 encrypted bits        26                58 encrypted bits           000       8.25

      ½ bit                                                                                     ½ bit
                                     active part
                                     useful part
      ½ symbol                                                                                  ½ symbol
 0 ... 0      174 encrypted bits       78                174 encrypted bits          0 ... 0   24.75
  tail                               training                                         tail
  bits                              sequence                                          bits
                                       bits
                                   1 Timeslot = 0.577 msec

8PSK burst may be used in UL and Downlink for the transfer of user data. The lower
shows the 8PSK burst where 1 Symbol=3bits. So it carries 3 times more bits as the
GMSK burst.
Detailed 8-PSK burst
                        3 Tail Symbols                    1 Symbol Stealing Flag




           Power/dB

            1.5
             0
            -10
            -20
            -30
            -40
            -50

                                         26 Training sequence                      Time
            Guard period                  Symbols/8PSK but                         not
            8.25 Symbols for             reduced subset
            Ramping
                                    57 Payload Symbols/8-PSK


The payload is 116*3 = 348 bits (minus stealing symbols). Tail bits and training sequence
are also 8PSK modulated, however, they take only advantage of a subset of 8PSK
symbols, which reduces the dynamic range enormously. The training sequence in the
mid-amble consists of 26 symbols.
GPRS and EDGE TS sharing

             1 radio block (20 msec)
                                                    For synchronisation reasons every MS with an active TBF
                                                   on that TS has to get a readable block in DL every 360 ms.
   It is possible to send an USF to a GPRS         This means if there was no CS 1-4 block in DL, and there is


                                        √                                                                      √
          MS in a EDGE Radio block.                 a GPRS MS in UL, the network has to schedule a control
        GMSK has to be used (MCS 1-4)              block every 18 th block (propably this will be dummy block).


                                                                                           CS 1
                EDGE                     GPRS                     EDGE GPRS               Control
    DL
                                                                                           block
    UL                                                                                                    Time
                        GPRS                    EDGE                     EDGE GPRS
                                                                         +GPRS



                                               √                                                            √
         It is possible to send an USF to an                     EDGE and GPRS users can share a TS. 8-
         EDGE MS in a GPRS Radio block.                          PSK is allowed in DL (if no GPRS user shall
          The EDGE user can use any MCS                             send in the next UL block) and UL

Timeslot sharing is possible. The potential throughput for the EDGE user will be degraded. As a consequence
there is the possibility to have separate EDGE and non EDGE resources in one cell or one may enable EDGE in
one cell and disable EDGE in the neighbour (with advanced features it is possible to move EDGE MSs to EDGE
cells and GPRS MSs to GPRS cells). Additionally the PCU (being responsible for resource allocation) tries to avoid
these situations.
Chapter 10


                       EGPRS Protocols
 10.4 Protocol structures
     1.    EGPRS Channel Coding
     2.    EGPRS MCS Families
     3.    The padding option
     4.    Combined RLC/MAC Header for EDGE user data
     5.    Differences in the Headertypes
     6.    MAC part of combined RLC/MAC header
     7.    Other new fields in the RLC/MAC header
     8.    The RLC part of combined RLC/MAC Header
     9.    Channel coding in EGPRS
     10.   Coding and Interleaving
     11.   Coding Process Example: MCS-2 DL
     12.   Coding Process Example: MCS-8 DL
     13.   EGPRS Coding Parameters
     14.   EDGE coding compared with GPRS
EGPRS Channel Coding
 In total 4 different types of RLC/MAC blocks are used:
  DL RLC/MAC control blocks (CS 1, used for GPRS and E-GPRS, content may be different)
  UL RLC/MAC control blocks (CS 1, used for GPRS and E-GPRS, content may be different)
  E-GPRS DL RLC/MAC data blocks (MCS 1-9)
  E-GPRS UL RLC/MAC data blocks (MCS 1-9)
 For the transfer of user data, nine Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS) have been specified.
   Four MCSs use GMSK, the remaining 5 MCSs use 8PSK.
 The transmission of information is again organised in radio blocks. After the use of a MCS,
 The resulting bits have to be transmitted on four normal burst on four consecutive
 TDMA frames In other words, after adding redundancy and performing the modulation scheme, 456
 symbols have to be transmitted.
          EGPRS Modulation and Coding Scheme      E-GPRS RLC data unit size (in octets)
          MCS-1                                   22
          MCS-2                                   28
GMSK
          MCS-3                                   37
          MCS-4                                   44                      For
          MCS-5                                   56                      user
          MCS-6                                   74                      data
8PSK      MCS-7                                   2x56
          MCS-8                                   2x68
          MCS-9                                   2x74
EGPRS MCS Families

The modulation and coding schemes are organised in families. Each family is characterised by a
basic unit of payload resp. RLC data length:

In EDGE basic unit of payload                   MCS-3
are defined.
                                 Family A     37 octets        37 octets           37 octets        37 octets
This allows retransmissions
with another MCS within the                                MCS-6
same family. E.g. one of the 2                                                 MCS-9
RLC blocks of MCS 8 may be                      MCS-3
retransmitted using MCS 3
                                            34 +3 octets     34 +3 octets
(requires 2 Radio blocks) or
                                 Family A
MCS 6 (within one                padding                   MCS-6
Radioblock).                                   34 octets           34 octets            34 octets    34 octets

                                                                               MCS-8


      37 octets                                 MCS-2

                                 Family B     28 octets        28 octets               28 octets    28 octets
      34 octets
                                                           MCS-5

     28 octets                                                                 MCS-7

                                                MCS-1
           22 octets                           22 octets           22 octets
                                 Family C
                                                           MCS-4
The padding option
     MCS 7: 44.8 kbit/s                    MCS 8: 54.4 kbit/s                MCS 9: 59.2 kbit/s
When switching to MCS-3 or MCS-6 from MCS-8, 6 padding octets are added to the data octets.
               RLC-1                       RLC-2
                                                            First transmission with MCS-8 in 1 Radio block
   34 octets       34 octets   34 octets        34 octets



Retransmission in case of RLC ack with:

 Either MCS-8 in 1 Radio block                34 octets       34 octets   34 octets        34 octets


 Or MCS-6 in 2 Radio blocks                34 +3 octets    34 +3 octets
                                                                              Each RLC within one radio block
                                             34 +3 octets   34 +3 octets

 Or MCS-3 in 4 Radio blocks
                                            34 +3 octets

                                            34 +3 octets
                                                                              Each RLC within 2 radio blocks
                                            34 +3 octets

                                             34 +3 octets

                                             1 half RLC
Combined RLC/MAC Header for EDGE user data

                   Downlink                                   Stealing Bits in                              Uplink
                                                            Normal burst indicate                                                     3GPP
                                                              the Header type                                                          4.60
 8      7      6        5      4         3     2      1                              8         7      6      5      4       3    2      1

 TFI        RRBP            ES/P               USF                                       TFI           Countdown value          SI      R

     BSN1          PR                        TFI                                                    BSN1                        TFI
                                                                 Header type         BSN2                           BSN1
                            BSN1                                      1
                                                                                                             BSN2
                    BSN2                             BSN1       for MCS 7,8,9
                                                                                    sp.        PI   RSB                 CPS
              CPS                             BSN2
                                                                                                                    spare


 TFI        RRBP            ES/P               USF                                       TFI           Countdown value          SI      R

     BSN1          PR                        TFI                 Header type                        BSN1                        TFI

                            BSN1                                      2               CPS                           BSN1
                                                                 for MCS 5,6                        spare                PI     RSB CPS
                                     CPS             BSN1
                                                                                                                        spare

 TFI        RRBP            ES/P               USF
                                                                                         TFI           Countdown value          SI      R
     BSN1          PR                        TFI                 Header type
                                                                                                    BSN1                        TFI
                                                                     3
                            BSN1                                                      CPS                           BSN1
                                                               for MCS 1,2,3,4
            SPB                    CPS               BSN1                                  sp.       PI     RSB     SPB           CPS
Differences in the Headertypes
Header type 1                                 RLC-1                       RLC-2
for MCS 7,8,9
                    Contains 2 RLC blocks, 2 Block sequence numbers are required. BSN 2 (10
                   bits) provides the BSN of the second block relative to the first one (11 bits).

                BSN1 11 bit                                          BSN2 10 bit


Header type 2                                                                RLC
for MCS 5,6
                                 Contains 1 RLC block, 1 Block sequence numbers is required.

                        BSN1 11 bit


Header type 2                               ½ RLC                             1 RLC
for MCS 1,2,3,4                                           or

 Contains 1 or ½ RLC block, 1 Block sequence numbers is required. The case of retransmitted
half blocks is indicated by the Split Block Indicator field bits            SPB
                                                                00    No retransmission
            BSN1 11 bit                      SPB                01    Reserved
                                                                10    Retransmission – first part of block
                                                                11    Retransmission – second part of block
MAC part of combined RLC/MAC header

  6      5     4       3     2     1
                                                          Uplink
     Countdown value        SI     R    Countdown value, Stall Indication, Retransmission bit, used as for GPRS
                                                             


 7       6    5        4    3     2      1
                                                       Downlink
     RRBP          ES/P           USF

 USF is exactly defined as for GPRS. Within EDGE it will be encoded separatly in exactly the same
 way as for GPRS. This allows sending EDGE blocks (of course GMSK blocks) to EDGE users,
 while addressing GPRS MSs in Uplink.
EGPRS Supplementary/Polling (ES/P) Field
       ES/P                                           Feedback Request (Poll) Description

        00             Nothing (RRBP field invalid)

        01             EGPRS PACKET DOWNLINK ACK/NACK message containing FPB (First Partial Bitmap), drop channel
                       quality report
        10             EGPRS PACKET DOWNLINK ACK/NACK message containing NPB (Next Partial Bitmap), drop channel
                       quality report
        11             EGPRS PACKET DOWNLINK ACK/NACK message containing NPB and Channel Quality Report


RRBP value specifies a single uplink block in which the mobile station shall transmit either a
PACKET CONTROL ACKNOWLEDGEMENT message or a PACCH block to the network in the
same way as for GPRS.
Other new fields in the RLC/MAC header

          CPS                                              MCS                       Puncturing Schemens
                                                           MCS-1                     PS 1, 2
Coding and Puncturing Scheme indicator field (CPS)         MCS-2                     PS 1, 2
In EGPRS header, the Coding and Puncturing
                                                           MCS-3                     PS 1, 2, 3
Scheme indicator field is used to indicate the kind of
channel coding (MCS) and puncturing (PS) used for          MCS-4                     PS 1, 2, 3
data blocks.                                               MCS-5                     PS 1, 2
5 bits - header type 1                  CPS                MCS-6                     PS 1, 2
3 bits - header type 2            CPS
                                                           MCS-7                     PS 1, 2, 3
4 bits - header type 3               CPS
                                                           MCS-8                     PS 1, 2, 3
 RSB   Uplink only                                         MCS-9                     PS 1, 2, 3

 The Resent Block Bit (RSB) indicates whether any of the RLC data blocks contained within the EGPRS
 radio block have been sent previously.
                                    bit


                                     0       All of the RLC data blocks contained within the EGPRS radio
                                             block are being transmitted for the first time

                                     1       At least one RLC data block contained within the EGPRS radio
                                             block has been transmitted before.
The RLC part of combined RLC/MAC Header

        EGPRS RLC Data block                                                      Extension and length Indication used
                                                Length Indicator        E        almost in the same way as in GPRS
                                                                                 (no ‘more’ bit in EGPRS)
                      Downlink                                                                Uplink
 E      FBI     EGPRS RLC data unit                                E        TI     EGPRS RLC data unit


 FBI
       Final Block Indication and
                                                                   TITLLI Indication and
 E     Extension bit give the RLC header                           E Extension bit give the RLC header
                                                                   8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit-No
8 7       6 5        4 3 2         1 Bit-No                           Length Indicator     E octet 1
       Length Indicator           E octet 1
                                                                                .             octet 2 Optional
                                                                                .
                                      octet 2     Optional                      .                     octets
                                                  octets                Length Indicator                 E   octet M
       Length Indicator           E                                                                          octet M+1    UL
                                      octet M   DL                                                                        RLC
                                      octet M+1 RLC                                 TLLI
                                                                                                                          Data
                                                data                                                                      block
                                                block                                                        octet M+4
              RLC data                                                            PFI                    E   octet M+5
                                      octet N2-1
                                                                                  RLC data                   octet N2-1
                                      octet N2                                                               octet N2
Channel coding in EGPRS
Downlink
         RLC/MAC
    USF Header                     RLC Data Block                           RLC Data Block
Uplink                                  Two RLC blocks for MCS 7,8,and 9, each block is treated separately.
    RLC/MAC
     Header                     RLC Data Block                              RLC Data Block
 Within EDGE the channel coding process is different for USF (only DL), RLC/MAC Header
                                 and RLC Data Block.


 USF Precoding to 12 bits is performed to get the same type of encoding as in GPRS.



     RLC/MAC           Parity bits are calculated and added to the end (For DL RLC/MAC part without USF).
      Header           An 1/3 rate convolutional encoder is used to get 3 times the bits, then some bits are
                       deleted again (punctured)


           RLC Data Block

Parity bits are calculated and added to the end of an RLC data block. Additional tailbits are added. An 1/3
rate convolutional encoder is used to get 3 times the bits, then some bits are deleted again (punctured). For
one MCS different Puncturing Schemes (2 or 3) are applied.
Coding and Interleaving

         RLC/MAC
  USF Header                       RLC Data Block
                                                                             The number of bits in header or
                                                                             data part and the number of
         Header with parity bits             RLC with parity and tail bits   punctured bits depends on the MCS
                                                                             and direction (UL or DL).
                                                                             GSM rec 3.64
  x4              x3                                       x3


              puncturing                             puncturing


                                 Bits sent over the air:
  For MCS 1-6: 1 RLC block                                      for MCS 7-9: 2 RLC blocks


   Next step is interleaving. The bits are distributed on 4 bursts of one radio block.
       USF (only UL) part is interleaved on four bursts


            Header part is interleaved on four bursts.


                       RLC blocks are interleaved on 4 bursts except for MCS 8 and 9 where each RLC is on
                       interleaved on 2 bursts .
Coding Process Example: MCS-2 DL

               3 bits     36 bits                      244 bits
                  RLC/MAC
               USF Header HCS E FBI           RLC Data = 22 octets        BCS TB


                                        convolutionary coding: rate 1/3

12 bits            108 bits                                        732 bits

                                             Puncturing (P1, P2)


      SB=                 68 bits
     12 bits 12 bits                                       372 bits




    normal burst              normal burst           normal burst             normal burst
Coding Process Example: MCS-8 DL

               3 bits     45 bits                564 bits                         564 bits
                  RLC/MAC             RLC Data                   RLC Data
               USF Header HCS E FBI = 2 x 34 octets BCSTBE FBI = 2 x 34 octets BCSTB

                                      convolutionary coding:                convolutionary coding:
                                             rate 1/3                              rate 1/3

36 bits     135 bits                   1692 bits                                   1692 bits


                   Puncturing               Puncturing                  Puncturing
                                           (P1, P2, P3)                (P1, P2, P3)
      SB=                124 bits
      8 bits 36 bits                         612 bits                  612 bits




    normal burst            normal burst                normal burst              normal burst
EGPRS Coding Parameters

                                  RLC      RLC blocks              header                      data
          modu-       code                                 BCS               HCS
                                  block     per radio               code             family    rate
          lation      rate                                length            length
                                 length      block                  rate                      (kbps)
MCS-1                  0.53       176            1                  0.53               C       8.8
MCS-2                  0.66       224            1                  0.53               B       11.2
          GMSK                    296                                                  A       14.8
MCS-3                  0.85                      1                  0.53
                                48+248                                               A (p)     13.6
                                                           12
MCS-4                  1.0        352            1                  0.53              C        17.6
MCS-5                  0.37       448            1                  1/3       8        B       22.4
                                  592                                                  A       29.6
MCS-6                  0.49                      1                  1/3
                                48+544                                               A (p)     27.2
           8PSK
MCS-7                  0.76       448            2                  0.36              B        44.8
MCS-8                  0.92       544            2        2x12      0.36             A (p)     54.4
MCS-9                  1.0        592            2                  0.36               A       59.2


 Please note, different Code Rates for header and data!
                                                                             A (p) = family A padding
EDGE coding compared with GPRS

9 Channel coding schemes (MCS) are defined.
The MCS is indicated in the RLC/MAC header (blind detection).
 EDGE MSs have to support all GPRS CS and all MCS in DL, the usage of 8 PSK in UL is optional.
Networks may only support a subset of all MCS.
                                                                                                  9 MCSs


  EDGE introduces a new 1/3 rate convolutional coder, which alllows a very strong encoding.
  Different types of coding are used for the USF (DL only), header- and datapart.
  Encoding rules are slightly different for UL and DL.                                    Channel coding



EDGE introduces introduces for each MCS 2 or 3 different Puncturing Schemes.               Puncturing
Puncturing is done differently for header- and data-part.



                                                                                             Interleaving
    EDGE defines new interleaving rules. Header- and data-part are treated differently.
    For the USF the SACCH encoding and interleaving is emulated.
    For MCS 1-7 the RLC block is interleaved on all 4 bursts of one block, for MCS 8 and 9 one
              RLC block is found only on two bursts. The idea is to offer better performance of
    these MCSs in a hopping network.
Chapter 10


                     EGPRS Protocols
 10.5 RLC MAC enhancements
    1.   EDGE specific RLC/MAC modifications
    2.   Network access mechanism
    3.   EGPRS Packet Channel Request
    4.   other new RLC/MAC messages for EGPRS
EDGE specific RLC/MAC modifications
Modified Messages                   Field/IE modification
SI13, PSI1, PSI13                   EGPRS capability introduced in GPRS Cell Options IE:
                                    EGPRS_SUPPORT,
                                    EGPRS_PACKET_CHANNEL_REQUEST,
                                    BEP_PERIOD, …
PACKET UPLINK ASSIGNMENT            EGPRS Channel Coding Command (MCS-1,....,MCS-9),
                                    Resegment field (for Incremental Redundancy),
                                    EGPRS Window Size, …
PACKET RESOURCE REQUEST             EGPRS BEP Link Quality Measurements,
                                    EGPRS Timeslot Link Quality Measurements,
PACKET DOWNLINK ASSIGNMENT          EGPRS Window Size,
                                    LINK_QUALITY_MEASUREMENT_MODE,
                                    BEP_PERIOD2,
PACKET UPLINK ACK/NACK              EGPRS Modulation and Coding,
                                    RESEGMENT field,                              Control
                                    EGPRS Ack/Nack Description,…               messages
PACKET TIMESLOT RECONFIGURE         EGPRS Modulation and Coding,
                                    RESEGMENT field,
                                    DOWNLINK EGPRS Window Size,
                                    UPLINK EGPRS Window Size
                                    LINK_QUALITY_MEASUREMENT_MODE,…


New messages:       EGPRS PACKET CHANNEL REQUEST
                    EGPRS PACKET DOWNLINK ACK/NACK
Network access mechanism
    The message used by an EDGE capable
   MS to gain access to the network depends                    Sys info 13 on BCCH
          on some conditions . A new
      EDGE PACKET CHANNEL REQUEST                                PSI 13 on PBCCH
           control message is defined              MS
  Sys info 13: support of PBCCH                           EGPRS PACKET CHANNEL REQUEST
                                                                        or
 yes                no
                                                             PACKET CHANNEL REQUEST
         EDGE support?                                                  or
                                                                 CHANNEL REQUEST
                 yes     no
                                         Use CHANNEL REQUEST on CCCH                 GPRS only
        Support of EGPRS PACKET CHANNEL REQUEST?                  Whether 8 or 11 bit burst is used is
                                                                     indicated in Sys info or PSI
                                        yes   no
 Switch to PBCCH: EDGE support?
                                              Use CHANNEL REQUEST on RACH
  yes     no
                                 Use EGPRS_PACKET_CHANNEL_REQUEST on RACH

                              Use PACKET CHANNEL REQUEST on PRACH (8 or 11 bits)      GPRS only
 Support of EGPRS
                       no    Use PACKET CHANNEL REQUEST on PRACH (8 or 11
PACKET CHANNEL
                             bits)
    REQUEST?
                         yes    Use EGPRS_PACKET_CHANNEL_REQUEST on
                                PRACH
EGPRS Packet Channel Request

 EGPRS PACKET CHANNEL REQUEST
                                                                  11 Bits of Information

                when used for:

                     One-Phase Packet Access Request 0          Multislot class       Radio            Random
                                                                                       Priority        reference

                     Short Access Request               1   0    0        Number of   Radio            Random
                                                                             slots     Priority        reference

                     Two-Phase Packet Access Request 1      1    0    0      0    0   Radio            Random
                                                                                       Priority        reference

                     Signalling (GMM/MM)                1   1    0    0      1    1               Random
                                                                                                  reference



 There are different Training Sequences defined. By choosing one the MS indicates whether it supports 8-PSK
 in UL or not.


           Format of access burst:

           Tail          Encoded data                          Training Sequence                                   tail


            3                    36                                     41                                           8
                                              Number of Bits
other new RLC/MAC control messages (3GPP 4.60)

 Global TFI                                              Additional MS Radio capability IE in some messages
 This information element contains the TFI of the mobile station's uplink TBF, if available, or the TFI of the mobile
 station's downlink TBF. If no TFI is available, this field is omitted.
 TLLI IE (32 bit field)
 MS Radio Access Capability 2
 This information element is sent during one phase and two phase access procedures on CCCH or PCCCH .


  < EGPRS Packet Downlink Ack/Nack message content > ::=                      EGPRS Packet DL ACK/NACK
                         < DOWNLINK_TFI : bit (5) >
                         < MS OUT OF MEMORY : bit(1)>
                         {0|1        < EGPRS Channel Quality Report : < EGPRS Channel Quality Report IE > >}
                         {0|1        < Channel Request Description : >Channel Request Description IE > >}
                         {0|1        < PFI : bit(7) > }
                         {0|1        < Extension Bits : Extension Bits IE > }
                         < EGPRS Ack/Nack Description : < EGPRS Ack/Nack Description IE >>
            <padding bits > ;


< Packet Downlink Ack/Nack message content > ::=                                        Packet DL ACK/NACK used for GPRS
            < DOWNLINK_TFI : bit (5) >
            < Ack/Nack Description : < Ack/Nack Description IE > >
            { 0 | 1 < Channel Request Description : < Channel Request Description IE > > }
            < Channel Quality Report : < Channel Quality Report struct > >
            { null | 0 bit** = <no string>                                          -- Receiver backward compatible with earlier version
                             |1
                                                        -- Additional contents for Release 1999                                8
                             { 0 | 1 < PFI : bit(7) > }
            < padding bits > };

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Chap10 edge 03_kh

  • 1. Chapter 10 (E)GPRS protocols 10.1 GPRS Protocols 1. The RLC/MAC protocol 2. The Medium Access control (MAC) header DL 3. The GPRS Medium Access Control header UL 4. DL + UL control blocks 5. Control Messages 6. DL control header 7. GPRS Downlink RLC/MAC data block 8. DL RLC header 9. GPRS Uplink RLC/MAC data block 10. UL RLC header 10.2 Coding Schemes and Link Adaptation 1. GPRS Channel Coding 2. Differentiation of the Coding Schemes 3. GPRS Link Adaptation 4. Link Adaptation Algorithm
  • 2. Chapter 10 (E)GPRS Protocols 10.3 Enhancements of EDGE versus GPRS 1. Enhancements of EDGE versus GPRS 2. 8PSK 3. 8-PSK phase transitions 4. Burst types 5. Detailed 8-PSK 6. GPRS and EDGE TS sharing 10.4 Protocol structures 1. EGPRS Channel Coding 2. EGPRS MCS Families 3. The padding option 4. Combined RLC/MAC Header for EDGE user data 5. Differences in the Headertypes 6. MAC part of combined RLC/MAC header 7. Other new fields in the RLC/MAC header 8. The RLC part of combined RLC/MAC Header 9. Channel coding in EGPRS 10. Coding and Interleaving 11. Coding Process Example: MCS-2 DL 12. Coding Process Example: MCS-8 DL 13. EGPRS Coding Parameters 14. EDGE coding compared with GPRS 10.5 RLC MAC enhancements 1. EDGE specific RLC/MAC modifications 2. Network access mechanism 3. EGPRS Packet Channel Request 4. other new RLC/MAC messages for EGPRS
  • 3. The RLC/MAC protocol Radio Link Control (RLC) and Medium Access Control (MAC) realize OSI layer 2 functions. Both, RLC and MAC are described in GSM 04.60 (44.060). The main functions of RLC are: -The segmentation of LLC frames -The provision of an acknowledged and unacknowledged operation mode The main functions of MAC are: -The control of the access to the network resources: -The sharing of the network resources to several mobiles: RLC For the DL: Usage of the TFI For the UL: Usage of the USF (and TFI) -The control of the release of the network resources MAC -Release of Uplink TBF: Countdown Procedure -Release of Downlink TBF: Final Block Indicator Both, for data transfer and transfer of control messages different RLC/MAC blocks are specified in UL and DL direction. That means, that in total 4 different types of RLC/MAC blocks are used in GPRS: -DL RLC/MAC control blocks (used for GPRS and E-GPRS) -UL RLC/MAC control blocks (used for GPRS and E-GPRS) -GPRS DL RLC/MAC data blocks -GPRS UL RLC/MAC data blocks
  • 4. Radio Block Structures Radio Block for data transfer Radio blocks for data transfer may be encoded using CS-1 to CS-4. MAC Header RLC Header RLC Data BCS 8 bits octets of one or several LLC PDUs A GPRS radio block for data transmission holds following fields: • MAC header; 8 bits, different content in UL and DL • RLC header; This is a variable length field holding control data. • RLC data; This field contains octets from one or several LLC PDUs. • BCS field; Block Check Sequence is used for error detection. Radio Block for control message For Radio blocks carrying RLC/MAC control messages CS-1 has to be used MAC Header RLC/MAC Control Message BCS The GPRS radio block for control messages holds an 8 bit long MAC header, one RLC/MAC control message in the RLC/MAC Control Message field, and a BCS field for error detection
  • 5. The Medium Access control (MAC) header DL 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit-No USF MAC Header In DL Payload Type RRBP S/P USF MAC header USF The Uplink State Flag (USF) field is sent in all downlink RLC/MAC blocks and indicates who is allowedto send in the next uplink radio block on the same timeslot (see 3GPP TS 45.002). The USF field is three bits in length and eight different USF values can be assigned, except on PCCCH, where the value '111' (USF=FREE) indicates that the corresponding uplink radio block contains PRACH. S/P 0 RRBP field is not valid The Relative Reserved Block Period (RRBP) 1 RRBP field is valid field specifies a single uplink block in which the RRBP mobile station shall transmit either a PACKET 00 (N+13) mod 2715648 CONTROL ACKNOWLEDGEMENT message or a 01 (N+17 or N+18) mod 2715648 PACCH block to the network Supplementary/Polling (S/P) Bit is used to 10 (N+21 or N+22) mod 2715648 indicate whether the RRBP field is valid or not 11 (N+26) mod 2715648 valid Payload Type 00 RLC/MAC block contains an RLC data block 01 RLC/MAC block contains an RLC/MAC control block that does not include the optional octets of the RLC/MAC control header 10 In the downlink direction, the RLC/MAC block contains an RLC/MAC control block that includes the optional first octet of the RLC/MAC control header. 11 Reserved. In this version of the protocol, the mobile station shall ignore all fields of the RLC/MAC block except for the USF field
  • 6. The GPRS Medium Access Control header UL 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit-No MAC Header In UL Payload Type spare R UL MAC header for control Payload Type Countdown Value SI R UL MAC header for data The Retry (R) bit shall indicate whether the mobile station transmitted the CHANNEL REQUEST R   message (see 3GPP TS 44.018), PACKET CHANNEL REQUEST message, or EGPRS PACKET CHANNEL REQUEST message one time or more than one time during its most recent channel access spare Set to zero - bits are ignored Payload Type 00 RLC/MAC block contains an RLC data block 01 RLC/MAC block contains an RLC/MAC control block 10 Reserved. 11 Reserved. SI The Stall indicator (SI) bit indicates whether the mobile's RLC transmit window can advance (i.e.is not stalled) or can not advance (i.e. is stalled). The mobile station shall set the SI bit in all uplink RLC data blocks. Countdown Value The Countdown Value (CV) field is sent by the mobile station to allow the network to calculate the number of RLC data blocks remaining for the current uplink RLC entity. The CV field is 4 bits in length and is encoded as a binary number with range 0 to 15
  • 7. DL + UL control blocks DL control block 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit-No Payload Type RRBP S/P USF MAC header RBSN RTI FS AC octet 1 optional Control PR TFI D octet 2 octets header octet M Control Message Contents RLC/MAC signaling octet 21 octet 22 UL control block Payload Type spare R For the UL control block no optional control header is preseen Control Message Contents
  • 8. Control Messages (Rel 97/98) I Control Message Contents (the basic set) Uplink TBF establishment messages: Packet Access Reject Packet Channel Request Packet Queuing Notification Packet Resource Request Packet Uplink Assignment Downlink TBF establishment messages: Packet Downlink Assignment TBF release messages: Packet TBF Release Paging messages: Packet Paging Request RLC messages: Packet Downlink Ack/Nack Packet Uplink Ack/Nack System information messages: Packet System Information Type 1 Packet System Information Type 2 Packet System Information Type 3 Packet System Information Type 3 bis Packet System Information Type 4 Packet System Information Type 5 Packet System Information Type 13
  • 9. Control Messages (Rel 97/98) II Packet Control Acknowledgement Packet Cell Change Failure Packet Cell Change Order Packet Downlink Dummy Control Block Packet Uplink Dummy Control Block Packet Measurement Report Packet Measurement Order Miscellaneous messages: Packet Mobile TBF Status Packet PDCH Release Packet Polling Request Packet Power Control/Timing Advance Packet PRACH Parameters Packet PSI Status Packet Timeslot Reconfigure Downlink RLC/MAC control messages and Uplink RLC/MAC control messages, except those using the access burst formats, are received in the RLC/MAC control block format. The different types of messages are distinguished by the MESSAGE_TYPE field
  • 10. DL control header RBSN RTI FS AC octet 1 optional Control PR TFI D octet 2 octets header AC The Address Control (AC) bit is used to indicate the presence of the optional TFI/D octet in the header of downlink RLC/MAC control block. FS The Final Segment (FS) bit indicates that the downlink RLC/MAC control block contains the final segment of an RLC/MAC control message . RTI The Radio Transaction Identifier (RTI) field is used to group the downlink RLC/MAC control blocks that make up an RLC/MAC control message and identifies the segmented control message sequence with which the downlink RLC/MAC control block is associated. The RTI field is five bits in length with range 0 to 31. RBSN The Reduced Block Sequence Number (RBSN) bit carries the sequence number of the downlink RLC/MAC control blocks. The RBSN bit is encoded as a binary number with range 0 to 1. D The Direction (D) bit indicates the direction of the TBF identified by the TFI field in the downlink RLC/MAC control block header.(0-UL, 1-DL). TFI In downlink RLC/MAC control blocks, the TFI identifies the Temporary Block Flow (TBF) to which the RLC/MAC control message contained in the downlink RLC/MAC control block relates. PR The Power Reduction (PR) field indicates the power level reduction of the current RLC block. (important for DL PC).
  • 11. GPRS Downlink RLC/MAC data block 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit-No Payload Type RRBP S/P USF MAC header PR TFI FBI octet 1 BSN E octet 2 Length Indicator M E octet 3 RLC optional header octets Length Indicator M E octet M octet M+1 RLC RLC data data unit octet N-1 octet N Spare bits Spare bits (if present) Optional octets: one octet may be present for each LLC (or part of LLC) contained. Length indicator indicates the length of the LLC in octetts. Only the last segment of any Upper Layer PDU of a TBF (either this segment carries the entire Upper Layer PDU or not) shall be identified with a Length Indicator within the corresponding RLC data block.
  • 12. DL RLC header PR TFI FBI octet 1 BSN E of RLC header octet 2 FBI The Final block indicator (FBI) bit indicates that the downlink RLC data block is the last RLC data block of the downlink TBF. (0 - not the last block, 1 – the last block) TFI In RLC data blocks, the TFI (Temporary Floww Identity) identifies the Temporary Block Flow (TBF) to which the RLC data block belongs. For the downlink and the uplink TFI the TFI field is 5 bits in length. PR The Power Reduction (PR) field indicates the power level reduction of the current RLC block. (important for DL PC). E The Extension (E) bit is used to indicate the presence of an optional octet in the RLC data block header. M E bit in optional part Length Indicator M E Optional octets 0 0 if received by the mobile station it shall ignore all fields of the RLC/MAC block except for the fields of the MAC header 0 1 no LLC data after the current LLC PDU, no more extension octets 1 0 a new LLC PDU starts after the current LLC PDU and there is another extension octet, which delimits the new LLC PDU 1 1 a new LLC PDU starts after the current LLC PDU and continues until the end of the RLC information field, no more extension octets BSN The Block Sequence Number (BSN) field carries the sequence absolute Block Sequence Number (BSN') modulo Sequence Number Space (SNS) of each RLC data block within the TBF. In GPRS, the BSN is 7 bits in length and is encoded as a binary number with range 0 to 127.
  • 13. DL RLC header II Optional octets Length Indicator M E LLC 1 and 2 completely contained, LLC 3 starts, continues in next RLC Data block: LLC 3 LLC 2 Y octets LLC 1 X octets Y 1 1 X 1 0 E=0 in RLC header MAC Start of LLC 3 1 optional octet 1 optional octet LLC 1 continued from previous block and LLC fits2 precisely into the RLC: LLC 2 Y octets LLC 1 X octets Y 0 1 X 1 0 E=0 in RLC header MAC Rest of LLC 1 1 optional octet 1 optional octet LLC 1 continued from previous block and continues in next block, no optional octet needed: X octets of LLC1 E=1 in RLC header MAC Part of LLC 1 that started in a former RLC and continuous in next Next radio LLC 2 Y octets Y octets of LLC1 Y 1 0 E=0 in RLC header MAC block Part of LLC 2 Rest of LLC 1 1 optional octet Optional octets are always present, if there is a LLC border, inside the RLC, exceptions are defined for last blocks.
  • 14. GPRS Uplink RLC/MAC data block 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit-No Payload Type Countdown Value SI R MAC header spare PI TFI TI octet 1 BSN E octet 2 Length Indicator M E octet 3 . . . RLC Length Indicator M E octet M header Optional octet M+1 octets TLLI octet M+4 PFI E octet M+5 RLC data octet N-1 RLC octet N data Spare bits Spare bits (if present) unit
  • 15. UL RLC header spare PI TFI TI octet 1 BSN E of RLC header octet 2 TI The TLLI Indicator (PI) bit indicates the presence of an optional PFI field within the RLC data block. 0- field not present 1- field present TheTLLI field is present during one phase access in all UL datablocks until the TLLI first Acknowledgement is received in DL (Contention resolution procedure). TFI Used as in DL. PI The PFI Indicator (TI) bit indicates the presence of an optional PFI field within the RLC data block. 0- field not present PFI (Packet Flow Indication) 1- field present If the network indicates that it supports packet flow procedures (Network support of packet flow context (PFC) procedures is indicated by the PFC_FEATURE_MODE parameter that is broadcast on either the BCCH or PBCCH) and a PFC exists for the LLC data to be transferred the packet flow identifier has to be present spare E Remaining fields are used as in DL. Length Indicator M E BSN
  • 16. PFI field PFI, if the network indicates that it supports packet flow procedures (Network support of packet flow context (PFC) procedures is indicated by the PFC_FEATURE_MODE parameter that is broadcast on either the BCCH or PBCCH) and a PFC exists for the LLC data to be transferred. PFI, if the network indicates that it supports packet flow procedures (If the network indicates it supports multiple TBF (Rel 6) procedures then it shall also indicate support for PFC procedures ) and a PFC exists for the LLC data to be transferred. In case no valid PFI value is allocated for the LLC data to be transmitted, and the network indicates support for the PFC procedures, an MS supporting PFC procedures shall associate and indicate the following PFI values for the LLC data: PFI = 0 (Best Effort) for user data, PFI = 1 (Signalling) for GMM/SM signalling (LLC SAPI 1), or PFI = 2 (SMS) for Short Message Service (LLC SAPI 7), or PFI = 3 (TOM8) for LLC SAPI 8 data. BSS packet flow contexts describe QoS characteristics for the data transmission. BSS Um SGSN Buffer 1 PFC 1 TBF BSS Context Buffer 2 PFC 2 Gb
  • 17. Chapter 10.2 The Air Interface 10.2 Coding Schemes and Link Adaptation 1. GPRS Channel Coding 2. Differentiation of the Coding Schemes 3. GPRS Link Adaptation 4. Link Adaptation Algorithm
  • 18. GPRS Channel Coding Channel coding for Radio Block CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 USF BCS convolutionary coding: rate 1/2 Puncturing for CS 2 and 3 Coding Parameters Radio Blocks for code USF BCS radio block excl. coded punctured data rate control messages rate bits bits USF and BCS bits bits kbps CS-1 1/2 3 40 181 456 0 9.05 CS-1 CS-2 ≈2/3 3 16 268 588 132 13.4 data transfer CS-3 ≈3/4 3 16 312 676 220 15.6 CS-1 CS-2 CS-4 1 3 16 428 456 - 21.4 CS-4 CS-3
  • 19. Differentiation of the Coding Schemes Encoded and punctured bits (456) USF Header + Data + BCS The Radio block is now interleaved onto 4 normal bursts in the same way as for SACCH The 11 11 00 00 Stealing bits in 11 00 10 01 the normal 11 10 00 01 bursts indicate the CS. 11 00 01 10 CS 1 CS 2 CS 3 CS 4 In GPRS existing coding techniques are used. In DL blocks the USF is treated separately (stronger encoded) but the same type of encoding is used in UL and DL (That means the first 3 bits of the UL Mac header are unnecessarily strong protected. CS 1 is the same as that used for SACCH coding (1/2 rate encoding). CS 2 and 3 is a punctured version (some doubled bits are deleted, more for CS 3). CS 4 has no redundancy. The used CS is indicated by the Stealing Bits. This allows blind detection. GPRS MS have to support all CSs, the network may support only a subset.
  • 20. GPRS Link Adaptation CS 1 - 4: Bit Rate Comparison 20 18 CS1 16 CS2 CS3 Net Throughput (kbit/s) 14 CS4 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 Carrier / Interference C/I (dB)
  • 21. Link Adaptation Algorithm The coding scheme will change based on defined BLER Thresholds The BLER thresholds are a result of simulations CS1 Different thresholds for hopping and non hopping CS2 networks CS3 Net Throughput (kbit/s) 14 CS4 The PCU defines which CS to use in UL and DL Example !!!!! 12 Max CS 2: 12 Kbit/s (no header) From CS1 to CS2 10 CS1 & CS2 Retransmissionrate Crosspoint 5.2Kbit/s 8 CS1 FH 14% CS1 NFH 69% 6 Crosspoint FH 4 From CS2 to CS1 6.8 Kbit/s 2 CS2 FH 43% =(5.2/12) x 100 % 0 CS2 NFH 79% 9 18 8 7 6 5 Carrier / Interference C/I (dB)
  • 22. LA operation MS BTS BSC UL – LLC data in MS CHNREQ (Uplink TBF) CHNRD (UplinkTBF) RACH IACMD (IMASS) Packet UL Ass.: TFI; USF; CS I (IMASS) IACMD (IMASS) Packet UL Ass.: TFI; USF; CS Initial CS is told to MS AGCH PCU - DL (PDDCB) USF RMAC- DL (PDDCB)USF ( ... ) PDTCH ( ... ) RMAC- UL (PUDCB) PCU - UL (PUDCB) PDTCH RMAC- UL (DATA) TLLI; BSN=0; CV=15 PCU - UL (DATA) TLLI; BSN=0; CV=15 PDTCH ( ... ) ( ... ) RMAC- UL (DATA) TLLI; BSN=x; CV=15 PCU - UL (DATA) TLLI; BSN=x; CV=15 PDTCH PCU - DL (PUAN) TLLI:Cont.R.; Ack BSN=0; USF PCU may command RMAC- DL (PUAN) TLLI: Cont. R.; ... PACCH a new CS RMAC- UL (DATA) TLLI; BSN=x+1; CV=15 PCU - UL (DATA) TLLI; BSN=x+1; CV=15 PDTCH PDDCB Packet Downlink... ) ( Dummy Control Block ( ... ) PUDCB Packet Uplink Dummy Control Block PUAN Packet Uplink Ack/Nack PDAN Packet Downlink Ack/Nack Cont R contention Resolution
  • 23. Chapter 10 EGPRS Protocols 10.3 Enhancements of EDGE versus GPRS 1. EGPRS enhancements 2. 8PSK 3. 8-PSK phase transitions 4. Burst types 5. Detailed 8-PSK 6. GPRS and EDGE TS sharing
  • 24. EGPRS enhancements EGPRS is mainly an BSS internal enhancement of existing GPRS protocols. -modified RLC/MAC protocol RLC RLC -Option to use 8PSK on the air -Requires the support of MS MAC MAC -Requires new transport solution on Abis GSM RF GSM RF MS Um BSS RLC RLC New control messages New data block formats MAC MAC PCU Dynamic Abis PCU Frames GSM RF Option to GSM RF Frames use 8PSK PCM PCM MS Um BTS Abis PCU
  • 25. 8PSK GSM RF enhancement The assignment of the different symbols to the coordinates in the I/Q diagram seems to be Q random. But it follows a GRAY code. If a (0,1,0) symbol is falsely interpreted as one of its neighbours, only one bit is wrong. (0,0,0) (0,1,1) Q0 (0,0,1) (1,1,1) I1 ,1) ,1) (1,1 (0,1 (0,1,0) I (0,0,0) (0,1,1) ,0) ,0) 1 Q (0,1 (1,1 (1,0,1) (1,1,0) (1,0,0) (0,0,1) (1,1,1) I 0 ,0) (1,0 With every symbol duration ,0) (0,0 (which is equal to the bit duration (1,1,0) (1,0,1) in standard GSM, 3.7 µs), it rotates by 3p/8 ,1) ,1) (1,0,0) (0,0 (1,0 corresponding to 67.5° to avoid zero crossings. • 3Π/8-8-PSK which is used for EDGE
  • 26. 8-PSK phase transitions Q0 Minimum Amplitude -15 dB ‚usefull‘ Amplitude 0 dB I0 maximum Amplitude +4 dB Possible phase transitions in I-Q-diagram (for EDGE several successive symbols define the phase transitions)
  • 27. Burst types • Frequency Correction Burst, • Synchronisation Burst, Normal Burst: • Access Burst, • Dummy Burst GMSK training only tail sequence tail bits bits bits 000 58 encrypted bits 26 58 encrypted bits 000 8.25 ½ bit ½ bit active part useful part ½ symbol ½ symbol 0 ... 0 174 encrypted bits 78 174 encrypted bits 0 ... 0 24.75 tail training tail bits sequence bits bits 1 Timeslot = 0.577 msec 8PSK burst may be used in UL and Downlink for the transfer of user data. The lower shows the 8PSK burst where 1 Symbol=3bits. So it carries 3 times more bits as the GMSK burst.
  • 28. Detailed 8-PSK burst 3 Tail Symbols 1 Symbol Stealing Flag Power/dB 1.5 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 26 Training sequence Time Guard period Symbols/8PSK but not 8.25 Symbols for reduced subset Ramping 57 Payload Symbols/8-PSK The payload is 116*3 = 348 bits (minus stealing symbols). Tail bits and training sequence are also 8PSK modulated, however, they take only advantage of a subset of 8PSK symbols, which reduces the dynamic range enormously. The training sequence in the mid-amble consists of 26 symbols.
  • 29. GPRS and EDGE TS sharing 1 radio block (20 msec) For synchronisation reasons every MS with an active TBF on that TS has to get a readable block in DL every 360 ms. It is possible to send an USF to a GPRS This means if there was no CS 1-4 block in DL, and there is √ √ MS in a EDGE Radio block. a GPRS MS in UL, the network has to schedule a control GMSK has to be used (MCS 1-4) block every 18 th block (propably this will be dummy block). CS 1 EDGE GPRS EDGE GPRS Control DL block UL Time GPRS EDGE EDGE GPRS +GPRS √ √ It is possible to send an USF to an EDGE and GPRS users can share a TS. 8- EDGE MS in a GPRS Radio block. PSK is allowed in DL (if no GPRS user shall The EDGE user can use any MCS send in the next UL block) and UL Timeslot sharing is possible. The potential throughput for the EDGE user will be degraded. As a consequence there is the possibility to have separate EDGE and non EDGE resources in one cell or one may enable EDGE in one cell and disable EDGE in the neighbour (with advanced features it is possible to move EDGE MSs to EDGE cells and GPRS MSs to GPRS cells). Additionally the PCU (being responsible for resource allocation) tries to avoid these situations.
  • 30. Chapter 10 EGPRS Protocols 10.4 Protocol structures 1. EGPRS Channel Coding 2. EGPRS MCS Families 3. The padding option 4. Combined RLC/MAC Header for EDGE user data 5. Differences in the Headertypes 6. MAC part of combined RLC/MAC header 7. Other new fields in the RLC/MAC header 8. The RLC part of combined RLC/MAC Header 9. Channel coding in EGPRS 10. Coding and Interleaving 11. Coding Process Example: MCS-2 DL 12. Coding Process Example: MCS-8 DL 13. EGPRS Coding Parameters 14. EDGE coding compared with GPRS
  • 31. EGPRS Channel Coding In total 4 different types of RLC/MAC blocks are used:  DL RLC/MAC control blocks (CS 1, used for GPRS and E-GPRS, content may be different)  UL RLC/MAC control blocks (CS 1, used for GPRS and E-GPRS, content may be different)  E-GPRS DL RLC/MAC data blocks (MCS 1-9)  E-GPRS UL RLC/MAC data blocks (MCS 1-9) For the transfer of user data, nine Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS) have been specified. Four MCSs use GMSK, the remaining 5 MCSs use 8PSK. The transmission of information is again organised in radio blocks. After the use of a MCS, The resulting bits have to be transmitted on four normal burst on four consecutive TDMA frames In other words, after adding redundancy and performing the modulation scheme, 456 symbols have to be transmitted. EGPRS Modulation and Coding Scheme E-GPRS RLC data unit size (in octets) MCS-1 22 MCS-2 28 GMSK MCS-3 37 MCS-4 44 For MCS-5 56 user MCS-6 74 data 8PSK MCS-7 2x56 MCS-8 2x68 MCS-9 2x74
  • 32. EGPRS MCS Families The modulation and coding schemes are organised in families. Each family is characterised by a basic unit of payload resp. RLC data length: In EDGE basic unit of payload MCS-3 are defined. Family A 37 octets 37 octets 37 octets 37 octets This allows retransmissions with another MCS within the MCS-6 same family. E.g. one of the 2 MCS-9 RLC blocks of MCS 8 may be MCS-3 retransmitted using MCS 3 34 +3 octets 34 +3 octets (requires 2 Radio blocks) or Family A MCS 6 (within one padding MCS-6 Radioblock). 34 octets 34 octets 34 octets 34 octets MCS-8 37 octets MCS-2 Family B 28 octets 28 octets 28 octets 28 octets 34 octets MCS-5 28 octets MCS-7 MCS-1 22 octets 22 octets 22 octets Family C MCS-4
  • 33. The padding option MCS 7: 44.8 kbit/s MCS 8: 54.4 kbit/s MCS 9: 59.2 kbit/s When switching to MCS-3 or MCS-6 from MCS-8, 6 padding octets are added to the data octets. RLC-1 RLC-2 First transmission with MCS-8 in 1 Radio block 34 octets 34 octets 34 octets 34 octets Retransmission in case of RLC ack with:  Either MCS-8 in 1 Radio block 34 octets 34 octets 34 octets 34 octets  Or MCS-6 in 2 Radio blocks 34 +3 octets 34 +3 octets Each RLC within one radio block 34 +3 octets 34 +3 octets  Or MCS-3 in 4 Radio blocks 34 +3 octets 34 +3 octets Each RLC within 2 radio blocks 34 +3 octets 34 +3 octets 1 half RLC
  • 34. Combined RLC/MAC Header for EDGE user data Downlink Stealing Bits in Uplink Normal burst indicate 3GPP the Header type 4.60 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 TFI RRBP ES/P USF TFI Countdown value SI R BSN1 PR TFI BSN1 TFI Header type BSN2 BSN1 BSN1 1 BSN2 BSN2 BSN1 for MCS 7,8,9 sp. PI RSB CPS CPS BSN2 spare TFI RRBP ES/P USF TFI Countdown value SI R BSN1 PR TFI Header type BSN1 TFI BSN1 2 CPS BSN1 for MCS 5,6 spare PI RSB CPS CPS BSN1 spare TFI RRBP ES/P USF TFI Countdown value SI R BSN1 PR TFI Header type BSN1 TFI 3 BSN1 CPS BSN1 for MCS 1,2,3,4 SPB CPS BSN1 sp. PI RSB SPB CPS
  • 35. Differences in the Headertypes Header type 1 RLC-1 RLC-2 for MCS 7,8,9 Contains 2 RLC blocks, 2 Block sequence numbers are required. BSN 2 (10 bits) provides the BSN of the second block relative to the first one (11 bits). BSN1 11 bit BSN2 10 bit Header type 2 RLC for MCS 5,6 Contains 1 RLC block, 1 Block sequence numbers is required. BSN1 11 bit Header type 2 ½ RLC 1 RLC for MCS 1,2,3,4 or Contains 1 or ½ RLC block, 1 Block sequence numbers is required. The case of retransmitted half blocks is indicated by the Split Block Indicator field bits SPB 00 No retransmission BSN1 11 bit SPB 01 Reserved 10 Retransmission – first part of block 11 Retransmission – second part of block
  • 36. MAC part of combined RLC/MAC header 6 5 4 3 2 1 Uplink Countdown value SI R Countdown value, Stall Indication, Retransmission bit, used as for GPRS   7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Downlink RRBP ES/P USF USF is exactly defined as for GPRS. Within EDGE it will be encoded separatly in exactly the same way as for GPRS. This allows sending EDGE blocks (of course GMSK blocks) to EDGE users, while addressing GPRS MSs in Uplink. EGPRS Supplementary/Polling (ES/P) Field ES/P Feedback Request (Poll) Description 00 Nothing (RRBP field invalid) 01 EGPRS PACKET DOWNLINK ACK/NACK message containing FPB (First Partial Bitmap), drop channel quality report 10 EGPRS PACKET DOWNLINK ACK/NACK message containing NPB (Next Partial Bitmap), drop channel quality report 11 EGPRS PACKET DOWNLINK ACK/NACK message containing NPB and Channel Quality Report RRBP value specifies a single uplink block in which the mobile station shall transmit either a PACKET CONTROL ACKNOWLEDGEMENT message or a PACCH block to the network in the same way as for GPRS.
  • 37. Other new fields in the RLC/MAC header CPS MCS Puncturing Schemens MCS-1 PS 1, 2 Coding and Puncturing Scheme indicator field (CPS) MCS-2 PS 1, 2 In EGPRS header, the Coding and Puncturing MCS-3 PS 1, 2, 3 Scheme indicator field is used to indicate the kind of channel coding (MCS) and puncturing (PS) used for MCS-4 PS 1, 2, 3 data blocks. MCS-5 PS 1, 2 5 bits - header type 1 CPS MCS-6 PS 1, 2 3 bits - header type 2 CPS MCS-7 PS 1, 2, 3 4 bits - header type 3 CPS MCS-8 PS 1, 2, 3 RSB Uplink only MCS-9 PS 1, 2, 3 The Resent Block Bit (RSB) indicates whether any of the RLC data blocks contained within the EGPRS radio block have been sent previously. bit 0 All of the RLC data blocks contained within the EGPRS radio block are being transmitted for the first time 1 At least one RLC data block contained within the EGPRS radio block has been transmitted before.
  • 38. The RLC part of combined RLC/MAC Header EGPRS RLC Data block Extension and length Indication used Length Indicator E almost in the same way as in GPRS (no ‘more’ bit in EGPRS) Downlink Uplink E FBI EGPRS RLC data unit E TI EGPRS RLC data unit FBI Final Block Indication and TITLLI Indication and E Extension bit give the RLC header E Extension bit give the RLC header 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit-No 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit-No Length Indicator E octet 1 Length Indicator E octet 1 . octet 2 Optional . octet 2 Optional . octets octets Length Indicator E octet M Length Indicator E octet M+1 UL octet M DL RLC octet M+1 RLC TLLI Data data block block octet M+4 RLC data PFI E octet M+5 octet N2-1 RLC data octet N2-1 octet N2 octet N2
  • 39. Channel coding in EGPRS Downlink RLC/MAC USF Header RLC Data Block RLC Data Block Uplink Two RLC blocks for MCS 7,8,and 9, each block is treated separately. RLC/MAC Header RLC Data Block RLC Data Block Within EDGE the channel coding process is different for USF (only DL), RLC/MAC Header and RLC Data Block. USF Precoding to 12 bits is performed to get the same type of encoding as in GPRS. RLC/MAC Parity bits are calculated and added to the end (For DL RLC/MAC part without USF). Header An 1/3 rate convolutional encoder is used to get 3 times the bits, then some bits are deleted again (punctured) RLC Data Block Parity bits are calculated and added to the end of an RLC data block. Additional tailbits are added. An 1/3 rate convolutional encoder is used to get 3 times the bits, then some bits are deleted again (punctured). For one MCS different Puncturing Schemes (2 or 3) are applied.
  • 40. Coding and Interleaving RLC/MAC USF Header RLC Data Block The number of bits in header or data part and the number of Header with parity bits RLC with parity and tail bits punctured bits depends on the MCS and direction (UL or DL). GSM rec 3.64 x4 x3 x3 puncturing puncturing Bits sent over the air: For MCS 1-6: 1 RLC block for MCS 7-9: 2 RLC blocks Next step is interleaving. The bits are distributed on 4 bursts of one radio block. USF (only UL) part is interleaved on four bursts Header part is interleaved on four bursts. RLC blocks are interleaved on 4 bursts except for MCS 8 and 9 where each RLC is on interleaved on 2 bursts .
  • 41. Coding Process Example: MCS-2 DL 3 bits 36 bits 244 bits RLC/MAC USF Header HCS E FBI RLC Data = 22 octets BCS TB convolutionary coding: rate 1/3 12 bits 108 bits 732 bits Puncturing (P1, P2) SB= 68 bits 12 bits 12 bits 372 bits normal burst normal burst normal burst normal burst
  • 42. Coding Process Example: MCS-8 DL 3 bits 45 bits 564 bits 564 bits RLC/MAC RLC Data RLC Data USF Header HCS E FBI = 2 x 34 octets BCSTBE FBI = 2 x 34 octets BCSTB convolutionary coding: convolutionary coding: rate 1/3 rate 1/3 36 bits 135 bits 1692 bits 1692 bits Puncturing Puncturing Puncturing (P1, P2, P3) (P1, P2, P3) SB= 124 bits 8 bits 36 bits 612 bits 612 bits normal burst normal burst normal burst normal burst
  • 43. EGPRS Coding Parameters RLC RLC blocks header data modu- code BCS HCS block per radio code family rate lation rate length length length block rate (kbps) MCS-1 0.53 176 1 0.53 C 8.8 MCS-2 0.66 224 1 0.53 B 11.2 GMSK 296 A 14.8 MCS-3 0.85 1 0.53 48+248 A (p) 13.6 12 MCS-4 1.0 352 1 0.53 C 17.6 MCS-5 0.37 448 1 1/3 8 B 22.4 592 A 29.6 MCS-6 0.49 1 1/3 48+544 A (p) 27.2 8PSK MCS-7 0.76 448 2 0.36 B 44.8 MCS-8 0.92 544 2 2x12 0.36 A (p) 54.4 MCS-9 1.0 592 2 0.36 A 59.2 Please note, different Code Rates for header and data! A (p) = family A padding
  • 44. EDGE coding compared with GPRS 9 Channel coding schemes (MCS) are defined. The MCS is indicated in the RLC/MAC header (blind detection).  EDGE MSs have to support all GPRS CS and all MCS in DL, the usage of 8 PSK in UL is optional. Networks may only support a subset of all MCS. 9 MCSs EDGE introduces a new 1/3 rate convolutional coder, which alllows a very strong encoding. Different types of coding are used for the USF (DL only), header- and datapart. Encoding rules are slightly different for UL and DL. Channel coding EDGE introduces introduces for each MCS 2 or 3 different Puncturing Schemes. Puncturing Puncturing is done differently for header- and data-part. Interleaving EDGE defines new interleaving rules. Header- and data-part are treated differently. For the USF the SACCH encoding and interleaving is emulated. For MCS 1-7 the RLC block is interleaved on all 4 bursts of one block, for MCS 8 and 9 one RLC block is found only on two bursts. The idea is to offer better performance of these MCSs in a hopping network.
  • 45. Chapter 10 EGPRS Protocols 10.5 RLC MAC enhancements 1. EDGE specific RLC/MAC modifications 2. Network access mechanism 3. EGPRS Packet Channel Request 4. other new RLC/MAC messages for EGPRS
  • 46. EDGE specific RLC/MAC modifications Modified Messages Field/IE modification SI13, PSI1, PSI13 EGPRS capability introduced in GPRS Cell Options IE: EGPRS_SUPPORT, EGPRS_PACKET_CHANNEL_REQUEST, BEP_PERIOD, … PACKET UPLINK ASSIGNMENT EGPRS Channel Coding Command (MCS-1,....,MCS-9), Resegment field (for Incremental Redundancy), EGPRS Window Size, … PACKET RESOURCE REQUEST EGPRS BEP Link Quality Measurements, EGPRS Timeslot Link Quality Measurements, PACKET DOWNLINK ASSIGNMENT EGPRS Window Size, LINK_QUALITY_MEASUREMENT_MODE, BEP_PERIOD2, PACKET UPLINK ACK/NACK EGPRS Modulation and Coding, RESEGMENT field, Control EGPRS Ack/Nack Description,… messages PACKET TIMESLOT RECONFIGURE EGPRS Modulation and Coding, RESEGMENT field, DOWNLINK EGPRS Window Size, UPLINK EGPRS Window Size LINK_QUALITY_MEASUREMENT_MODE,… New messages: EGPRS PACKET CHANNEL REQUEST EGPRS PACKET DOWNLINK ACK/NACK
  • 47. Network access mechanism The message used by an EDGE capable MS to gain access to the network depends Sys info 13 on BCCH on some conditions . A new EDGE PACKET CHANNEL REQUEST PSI 13 on PBCCH control message is defined MS Sys info 13: support of PBCCH EGPRS PACKET CHANNEL REQUEST or yes no PACKET CHANNEL REQUEST EDGE support? or CHANNEL REQUEST yes no Use CHANNEL REQUEST on CCCH GPRS only Support of EGPRS PACKET CHANNEL REQUEST? Whether 8 or 11 bit burst is used is indicated in Sys info or PSI yes no Switch to PBCCH: EDGE support? Use CHANNEL REQUEST on RACH yes no Use EGPRS_PACKET_CHANNEL_REQUEST on RACH Use PACKET CHANNEL REQUEST on PRACH (8 or 11 bits) GPRS only Support of EGPRS no Use PACKET CHANNEL REQUEST on PRACH (8 or 11 PACKET CHANNEL bits) REQUEST? yes Use EGPRS_PACKET_CHANNEL_REQUEST on PRACH
  • 48. EGPRS Packet Channel Request EGPRS PACKET CHANNEL REQUEST 11 Bits of Information when used for: One-Phase Packet Access Request 0 Multislot class Radio Random Priority reference Short Access Request 1 0 0 Number of Radio Random slots Priority reference Two-Phase Packet Access Request 1 1 0 0 0 0 Radio Random Priority reference Signalling (GMM/MM) 1 1 0 0 1 1 Random reference There are different Training Sequences defined. By choosing one the MS indicates whether it supports 8-PSK in UL or not. Format of access burst: Tail Encoded data Training Sequence tail 3 36 41 8 Number of Bits
  • 49. other new RLC/MAC control messages (3GPP 4.60) Global TFI Additional MS Radio capability IE in some messages This information element contains the TFI of the mobile station's uplink TBF, if available, or the TFI of the mobile station's downlink TBF. If no TFI is available, this field is omitted. TLLI IE (32 bit field) MS Radio Access Capability 2 This information element is sent during one phase and two phase access procedures on CCCH or PCCCH . < EGPRS Packet Downlink Ack/Nack message content > ::= EGPRS Packet DL ACK/NACK < DOWNLINK_TFI : bit (5) > < MS OUT OF MEMORY : bit(1)> {0|1 < EGPRS Channel Quality Report : < EGPRS Channel Quality Report IE > >} {0|1 < Channel Request Description : >Channel Request Description IE > >} {0|1 < PFI : bit(7) > } {0|1 < Extension Bits : Extension Bits IE > } < EGPRS Ack/Nack Description : < EGPRS Ack/Nack Description IE >> <padding bits > ; < Packet Downlink Ack/Nack message content > ::= Packet DL ACK/NACK used for GPRS < DOWNLINK_TFI : bit (5) > < Ack/Nack Description : < Ack/Nack Description IE > > { 0 | 1 < Channel Request Description : < Channel Request Description IE > > } < Channel Quality Report : < Channel Quality Report struct > > { null | 0 bit** = <no string> -- Receiver backward compatible with earlier version |1 -- Additional contents for Release 1999 8 { 0 | 1 < PFI : bit(7) > } < padding bits > };

Editor's Notes

  1. TS 45.002 V5, chap. 3 (darstellung wurde stark vereinfacht!)
  2. TS 43.064, chap. 6.5.4
  3. TS 43.064, chap. 6.5.5.1.1. Beachte, daß die oberen Layers die radio blocks ohne USF und BCS in der richtigen groesse liefern muessen. Aber das geht ohne probleme, da der RLC, der für segmentation verantwortlich ist, den verwendeten CS kennt.
  4. TS 43.064, chap. 6.5.5.1.1. Beachte, daß die oberen Layers die radio blocks ohne USF und BCS in der richtigen groesse liefern muessen. Aber das geht ohne probleme, da der RLC, der für segmentation verantwortlich ist, den verwendeten CS kennt.
  5. Aus dem TC UMTS Rel 4, 5, 6 Kurs entnommen TC 1105 chap. 5
  6. TS 45.002 V5, chap. 3 (darstellung wurde stark vereinfacht!)
  7. TS 45.002 V5, chap. 3 (darstellung wurde stark vereinfacht!)
  8. TS 45.002 V5, chap. 3 (darstellung wurde stark vereinfacht!)
  9. TS 45.002 V5, chap. 3 (darstellung wurde stark vereinfacht!)
  10. TS 45.002 V5, chap. 3 (darstellung wurde stark vereinfacht!)