2. “Abasic screening test that
evaluates the cells that
circulate in blood.”
A complete blood count (CBC),
also known as full blood
count (FBC) or full blood
exam (FBE) or blood panel.

3. Screen for a wide range
of conditions and Help diagnose various conditions, such
as anemia ,infection,
diseases inflammation, bleeding disorder
or leukemia etc
Monitor treatment that is known to
Monitor the condition and/or affect blood cells, such as
effectiveness of treatment after chemotherapy or radiation therapy
a diagnosis is established

4. • A CBC is a panel of
tests that evaluates the
three types of cells that
circulate in the blood
and includes the
following:
Evaluation of white
blood cells
Evaluation of red blood
cells
Evaluation of platelets

5. • White blood cell (WBC)
count is a count of the total
number of white blood cells in a
person's sample of blood. All
the white cell types are given as
a percentage and as an absolute
number per litre.
• White blood cell
differential
may or may not be included as part of
the panel of tests. It identifies and
counts the number of the various
types of white blood cells present. The
five types
include neutrophils, lymphocytes,mon
ocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.

6. WBC:
4,000 – 10,000/cubicmm
WBC
DIFFERENTIAL:
Neutrophil 40-75%
Lymphocytes 15-75%
Monocytes 1-10%
Eosinophils 1-6%
Basophils 0-2%

7. Full examples of examples of
Test causes of a low causes of a
Name count high count
WBC White Known as leukopenia Known as
Blood or damage leukocytosis
Cell
Count •infections most
•Autoimmune
conditions commonly
•Severe infections bacterial or viral
(sepsis) •Leukemia,
•lymphoma or other myeloproliferativ
cancer that spread to e disorders
the bone marrow •inflammation
•Diseases of immune •Allergies ,
system (e.g., HIV) Asthma
•Tissue death
(trauma,
burns, heart
attack)
•Intense exercise
or severe stress

8. Test Full Name examples of causes of examples of causes
a low count of a high count
Neu, Absolute neutro Known as neutropenia Known as
PMN, phil count, % •Severe,over whelming neutrophilia
polys neutrophils infection (sepsis) •Acute bacterial
•Autoimmune infections
disorders •Inflammation
•Reaction to drugs, •Tissue death
chemotherapy (necrosis) caused
•Immunodeficiency by trauma, heart
•Bone marrow damage attack, burns
(e.g., chemotherapy, •leukemia
radiation therapy)
eos Absolute eosino not medically Parasitic
phil significant. infections,
count, % asthma,allergic
eosinophils reaction.
baso Absolute basoph not medically bone marrow
il count, % significant related conditions
basophils such as leukemia or
lymphoma

9. TEST Full Name examples of examples of
causes of a low causes of a high
count count
mono Absolute monocy not medically bacterial infection,
te significant. tuberculosis,
count, % malaria, monocytic
monocytes leukemia
lympho Absolute Known as Known as
Lymphocyte lymphocytopenia lymphocytosis
count, % •Autoimmune •Acute viral
lymphocytes disorders infections
(e.g., lupus rheumat (e.g., chicken
oid arthritis) pox,cytomegaloviru
•Infections (e.g., s (CMV), Epstein-
HIV, viral hepatitis , Barr virus
typhoid (EBV),herpes)
fever, influenza) •Certain bacterial
•Bone marrow infections
damage (e.g., (e.g. tuberculosis
chemotherapy, •Lymphocytic
radiation therapy) leukemia,
•Corticosteroids lymphoma
•Stress (acute)

11.  Red blood cell (RBC) count is a count
of the actual number of red blood cells in a person's
sample of blood.
 Hemoglobin measures the amount of the oxygen-
carrying protein in the blood.
 Hematocrit measures the percentage of a person's
blood that consists of red blood cells.
 Red blood cell indices are
calculations that provide information on the physical
characteristics of the RBCs:
• (RDW), which may be included in a CBC, is a
calculation of the variation in the size of RBCs.
• Mean corpuscular volume
(MCV) is a measurement of the average size of
RBCs.
• Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
is a calculation of the average amount of oxygen-
carrying hemoglobin inside a red blood cell.
• Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
concentration (MCHC) is a
calculation of the average percentage of hemoglobin
inside a red cell.
 reticulocyte count which is a
measurement of the absolute count or percentage of
young red blood cells in blood.

13. examples of causes of examples of causes of
Test Full Name
low result high result
RBC Red Blood Known as anemia Known as polycythemia
Cell Count •Acute or chronic • Dehydration
bleeding •Pulmonary disease
•RBC destruction •Kidney or other tumor
(e.g.hemolytic that produces excess
anemia,etc.) erythropoietin
•Nutritional deficiency •Smoking
(e.g., iron deficiency, •Genetic causes (altered
vitamin B12 or folate oxygen sensing,
deficiency) abnormality in
•Bone marrow disorders hemoglobin oxygen
or damage release)
•Chronic inflammatory
disease
•Kidney failure
Usually mirrors RBC
Usually mirrors RBC
Hb Hemoglobin results, provides added
results
information
Usually mirrors RBC
Usually mirrors RBC
Hct Hematocrit results; most common
results
cause is dehydration

14. examples of causes of
Test examples of causes of
Full Name low result
high result
Indicates RBCs are Indicates RBCs are
smaller than normal larger than normal
Mean
(microcytic); caused (macrocytic), for
MCV Corpuscul
by iron deficiency example in anemia
ar Volume
anemia or thalassemia, caused by folate or vit
for example. B12 deficiency
Mean
Mirrors MCV results;
Corpuscul Mirrors MCV results;
macrocytic RBCs are
MCH ar small red cells would
large so tend to have a
Hemoglobi have a lower value.
higher MCH.
n
Increased MCHC values
(hyperchromia) are
seen in conditions
Mean May be low when MCV is
where the hemoglobin
Corpuscul low; decreased MCHC
is more concentrated
ar values (hypochromia)
inside the red cells,
MCHC Hemoglobi are seen in conditions
such as autoimmune
n such as iron deficiency
hemolytic anemia, in
Concentra anemia and
burn patients, and
tion thalassemia.
hereditary
spherocytosis, a rare
congenital disorder.

15. Test Full Examples of causes of Examples of causes of
Name low result high result
Indicates mixed
population of small and
large RBCs; immature
RBCs tend to be larger.
For example, in iron
RBC
Low value indicates deficiency anemia or
Distrib
RDW uniformity in size of pernicious anemia,
ution
RBCs there is high variation
Width
(anisocytosis) in RBC
size (along with
variation in shape –
poikilocytosis), causing
an increase in the RDW.
In the setting of anemia,
In the setting of anemia,
a high reticulocyte
a low reticulocyte count
Reticul count generally
indicates a condition is
ocytes indicates peripheral
affecting the production
Reticuloc (absol cause, such as bleeding
of red blood cells, such
yte count ute or hemolysis, or
as bone marrow
count response to treatment
disorder or damage, or a
or %) (e.g., iron
nutritional deficiency
supplementation for
(iron, B12 or folate)
iron deficiency anemia)

17. The platelet count is
the number of platelets in a
person's sample of blood.
Mean platelet
volume (MPV) may be
reported with a CBC. It is a
calculation of the average size
of platelets.
Platelet distribution
width (PDW) may also
be reported with a CBC. It is
a measurement of the
variation of platelet size.

18. • Platelet count :
140,000 to
450,000 /cubic mm
• Mean platelet
volume: 7.5 – 11.5 fL
• Platelet
distribution width:
10% -
17.9%

19. Full examples of causes of examples of causes of
Test
Name low result high result
plt Platelet Known as Know as
Count thrombocytopenia: thrombocytosis:
•Viral infection •Cancer (lung,
(mononucleosis,hepatiti gastrointestinal,lymp
s) homa)
•Rocky mountain spotted •Rheumatoid arthritis,
fever inflammatory bowel
•Platelet autoantibody disease, lupus
•Drugs (acetaminophen, •Iron deficiency
quinidine, sulfa drugs) anemia
•cirrhosis •Hemolytic anemia
•Autoimmune disorders •Myeloproliferative
•Sepsis disorder (e.g.,
•Leukemia, lymphoma essential
•Myelodysplasia thrombocythemia)
•Chemo or radiation
therapy

20. Test Full Examples of causes Examples of causes of high
Name of low result result
Indicates average
size of platelets
is small; older
platelets are
Indicates a high number
generally
of larger, younger platelets
smaller than
Mean in the blood; this may be
younger ones
MPV Platelet due to the bone marrow
and a low MPV may
Volume producing and releasing
mean
platelets rapidly into
that a condition is
circulation.
affecting the
production of
platelets
by the bone marrow.
Indicates uniformity
Indicates increased
Platelet in
variation in the size of the
Distrib size of platelets
PDW platelets, which may mean
ution
that a condition is present
Width
that is affecting platelets

23. Reviewing clinical laboratory test
results about a patient's condition can
provide valuable information for
Diagnosis and management of
orofacial conditions
Guidance on assessing the patient's
ability to tolerate the proposed dental
treatment
A prognosis based on a particular
treatment

24. EVALUATION OF WBC
• when a patient is being treated with a
medication that suppresses WBC
production (such as antineoplastic
agents), the patient is at a greater
risk for postoperative infection, and
dental treatment should be deferred
until the WBC result is back to
normal.
• For invasive dental treatment,
perioperative antibiotics are
indicated in patients with ANC
less than 1,000 cells/mm3 in
order to minimize the risk of
infection. When the ANC falls
below 500 cells/mm3,
intravenous antimicrobial
therapy may be necessary to
prevent sepsis resulting from
invasive dental treatment.

25. EVALUATION OF RBC
• Patients with polycythemia
may experience orthopnea in
the dental chair, dizziness,
headache, red facial coloring,
and dyspnea.
• Hgb and Hct are necessary
parts of the assessment for
anemias and in patients with
burning mouth disorders and
aphthous stomatitis.
• Differ routine dental
treatment in Patient with
severe anemia

26. EVALUATION OF
PLATELETS
• Bleeding disorders or bone
marrow diseases, such
healthcare provider to
determine as leukemia,
require the dental the
number of platelets
present and/or their
ability to function
correctly prior to invasive
surgery.
• Minor dentistry: counts
should be greater than
50,000/cubicmm