10. Causes
Ocean Acidification
Over the last 200 years, about 50% of all CO2 produced on
earth has been absorbed by the ocean. (Royal Society 6/05)
Remains in the
atmosphere
(greenhouse gas)
Dissolves in
sea water
CO2 + H20 HCO3- + H+
(ACID) CO2
Water becomes
CO2
more acidic.
12. Causes of warming
Miscellaneous
Other Factors:
1) Albedo effect
2) More energy goes directly into warming
than into evaporation
3) Atmosphere layer is thinner
in the Arctic
4) Increased heat transfer from
oceans as sea ice retreats
5) Alterations in atmospheric
and ocean circulation
16. Impacts
1. Melting
Melting Sea Ice
The Arctic Ocean could be ice-free in summer by 2040
2040
2000
17. Impacts
Aftermaths
Snow and sea ice
reflect 85-90% of sun’s
energy Increased
melting of snow
Ocean surface and and sea ice
dark soil reflect only
10-20% Land or water More dark earth
warms faster and ocean surface
is exposed
More of sun’s
heat energy is
absorbed
It’s like wearing a white shirt v. a black shirt
19. Impacts
2. Animals
Polar Bears in Peril
Numbers in
western
Hudson Bay
have
declined 22%
in 17 years
20. Impacts
2. Animals
Dall Sheep
Dall sheep: “We’re losing our habitat.”
21. Impacts
3. Forests
Forest Decline: White Spruce
22. Impacts
3. Forests
Forest Decline: Black Spruce
By 2100, predicted temperature scenarios
would not allow black spruce to survive in
Fairbanks area
23. Impacts
3. Forests
Forest Decline: Yellow Cedar
A dramatic decline has
affected over 1500,000
acres of yellow cedar in
world
24. Impacts
3. Forests
Forest Fires
6.6 million acres
burned in 2004
4.6 million acres
burned in 2005
6.0 Acres Burned 1956-2007
millions of acres
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
25. Impacts
4.People & Culture
International Health Impacts
Increased epidemics of malaria in Africa.
Increased heat wave deaths.
Dengue fever in SE Asia.
More flooding, storms.
26. Impacts
4. People & Culture
Impacts
Global warming
Race Cancelled
threatens soul 3 of last 8 years
and special
quality of life
Start Moved
6 of last 10 years
27. Impacts
4. People & Culture
People and Culture
30. Future Threats
If we do not Act: Worst Case
If we fail to act, and CO2 keeps rising at the current rate, then
a new modeling study predicts that:
_
Predicted +25oF
Temperature
_
Increase +20
_
+15
_
+10
_
+5
31. What We Can Do
What We Can Do
R E D U C E CO 2
EMISSIONS
1. Is it achievable?
2. Action is essential
at every level
• Individual
• Corporate
• Local
• State
• Federal
• International
32. What We Can Do
Is it Achievable?
Carbon Emissions At least
(Billions of tons per year)
TRIPLING
CO2
14
STABILIZATION
TRIANGLE
7 Avoid
Flat Path
doubling
CO2
1.9
1954 2004 2054
33. What We Can Do
Is it Achievable?
Carbon Emissions 7 wedges are
14 (Billions of tons per year) needed to build
the stabilization
triangle.
STABILIZATION
TRIANGLE
One wedge avoids
1 billion tons of
ONE WEDGE carbon emissions
7
per year by 2054
Flat Path
2004 2054
34. What We Can Do
Is it Achievable?
Carbon Emissions
Each of These Changes Can Achieve 14 (Billions tons per year)
“One Wedge” of progress:
Double fuel efficiency of 2 billion cars at
h
P
nt
from 30 to 60 mpg. Cu
rre
ONE WEDGE
Produce current coal-based electricity 7
Flat Path
with twice today’s efficiency.
2004 2054
Increase wind electricity capacity by 50
times relative to today.
35. What We Can Do
Individual Actions
1. Conserve
2. Consume efficiently
3. Use renewables
4. Be involved
36. What We Can Do
Conservation: Two Examples
Unplug Appliances
43 billion kWH lost/year in
U.S.
Lower Thermostat
2 degrees
OR 6 degrees for 8
hours/day
37. What We Can Do
Energy Efficiency: Two Examples
Compact Fluorescents
Four to six times
more efficient
Hybrid Cars
Save money on fuel
38. What We Can Do
Renewable
Renewable Energy
Wind
Solar
Instream hydro
Geothermal
Biofuels
39. The Greatest Threat
Summary Global Warming
Causes
Other
CFCs
Causes
Motor
Greenhouse
Vehicular
Effect
Emission
Solar Volcanic
Activities Eruption
40. The Greatest Threat
Summary Global Warming
Aftermaths
People
Forest Fires
and Culture
Jeopardy to High sea
World water level
Hazard to
Animals
41. The Greatest Threat
Summary What can
we do Global Warming
Reduce CO2
Emission
Wind Power
Use Renewables
Use lower
thermostat
Fluorescent
instead
of incandescent
Use efficient
machinery
Forestation
Many more !
44. Proposal by: Usama Anwar
Prepared & Animated by: Ali Jamshaid
Scientific contributors: Omer Akram
Seemab
Khurram
Editing : Faizan Khalid
NOTE:
This presentation is the intellectual property of us.
Permission is granted for the presentation to be freely
shared for non-commercial, educational purposes.
