Ruby, muito mais que reflexivo

Ruby muito mais do que reﬂexivo! fabio.kung@caelum.com.br

Reﬂexão p = Person.new p.class # => Person p.methods # => [quot;instance_variablesquot;, quot;classquot;, ..., quot;to_squot;] Person.instance_methods # => [quot;instance_variablesquot;, ..., to_squot;]

Dinamismo

Metaprogramação

Metaprogramação class Aluno end marcos = Aluno.new marcos.respond_to? :programa # => false class Professor def ensina(aluno) def aluno.programa quot;puts 'agora sei programar'quot; end end end knuth = Professor.new knuth.ensina marcos marcos.respond_to? :programa # => true marcos.programa # => quot;puts 'agora sei programar'quot;

“Skilled programmers can write better programmers than they can hire” -- Giles Bowkett

Code as Data

User.detect { |u| u.name == 'John' && u.age == 22 } # SELECT * FROM users WHERE users.name = 'John' AND users.age = 22 User.select { |u| [1, 2, 3, 4].include? u.id } # SELECT * FROM users WHERE users.id IN (1,2,3,4)

ParseTree class class Person Person nil scope def say_hi defn puts quot;hiquot; say_hi scope args end block end call nil puts arglist str “hi”

ParseTree s(:class, :Person, class Person nil, s(:scope, def say_hi s(:defn, :say_hi, puts quot;hiquot; s(:args), end s(:scope, s(:block, end s(:call, nil, :puts, s(:arglist, s(:str, quot;hiquot;))))))))

Feedback Editores/IDEs

class nil scope Person defn say_hi args scope block require 'parse_tree' call puts nil arglist tree = ParseTree.new.process(...) tree[0][2][0][2] str “hi” # => s(:scope, s(:block, s(:call, nil, :puts, s(:arglist, ...))))

SexpProcessor class TheProcessor < SexpProcessor def process_call(node) # ... process node end def process_class(node) # ... process node end def process_scope(node) # ... process node end end

SexpProcessor class TheProcessor < SexpProcessor def process_call(node) # ... ast = ParseTree.new.process(...) process node new_ast = TheProcessor.new.process(ast) end def process_class(node) # ... process node end def process_scope(node) # ... process node end end

class nil scope Person defn say_hi args scope block class RenameProcessor < SexpProcessor call def process_defn(node) puts nil arglist name = node.shift str args = process(node.shift) scope = process(node.shift) “hi” s(:defn, :quot;new_#{name}quot;, args, scope) end end

Flog Flog shows you the most torturous code you wrote. class Test def blah # 11.2 = The more painful the a = eval quot;1+1quot; # 1.2 + 6.0 + code, the higher the score. if a == 2 then # 1.2 + 1.2 + 0.4 + The higher the score, the puts quot;yayquot; # 1.2 end harder it is to test. end end

roodi Ruby Object Oriented Design Inferometer • ClassLineCountCheck • ClassNameCheck • CyclomaticComplexityBlockCheck • CyclomaticComplexityMethodCheck • EmptyRescueBodyCheck • MethodLineCountCheck • MethodNameCheck • ParameterNumberCheck • ...

merb-action-args class Posts < Merb::Controller def create(post) # post = params[:post] @post = Post.new(post) @post.save end # ... end

Heckle Think you write good tests? Not bloody likely... Put it to the test with heckle. It’ll put your code into submission in seconds.

Outros • Reek (== roodi) • Flay • Rufus • ...

Ambition User.select { |u| u.name == 'John' && u.age == 22 } # SELECT * FROM users WHERE users.name = 'John' AND users.age = 22 # quot;(&(name=jon)(age=21))quot;

Ambition User.select { |u| u.name == 'John' && u.age == 22 } # SELECT * FROM users WHERE users.name = 'John' AND users.age = 22 # quot;(&(name=jon)(age=21))quot; User.select { |u| [1, 2, 3, 4].include? u.id } # SELECT * FROM users WHERE users.id IN (1,2,3,4)

Ambition User.select { |u| u.name == 'John' && u.age == 22 } # SELECT * FROM users WHERE users.name = 'John' AND users.age = 22 # quot;(&(name=jon)(age=21))quot; User.select { |u| [1, 2, 3, 4].include? u.id } # SELECT * FROM users WHERE users.id IN (1,2,3,4) User.select { |u| u.friends.name =~ /bi/ } # SELECT * FROM users LEFT OUTER JOIN ... WHERE friends.name ~ 'bi'

Ambition User.select { |u| u.name == 'John' && u.age == 22 } # SELECT * FROM users WHERE users.name = 'John' AND users.age = 22 # quot;(&(name=jon)(age=21))quot; User.select { |u| [1, 2, 3, 4].include? u.id } # SELECT * FROM users WHERE users.id IN (1,2,3,4) User.select { |u| u.friends.name =~ /bi/ } # SELECT * FROM users LEFT OUTER JOIN ... WHERE friends.name ~ 'bi' User.select { |u| ... }.sort_by { |u| u.name } # SELECT * FROM users WHERE ... ORDER BY users.name

ParseTree Manipulation http://martinfowler.com/dslwip/ParseTreeManipulation.html

Rfactor $$$ class Banco def transfere(origem, destino, valor) s(:class, puts quot;iniciando transferenciaquot; :Banco, puts quot;por favor, aguarde...quot; nil, # ... s(:scope, end s(:block, s(:defn, def incrementa_juros(taxa) :transfere, # ... s(:args, :origem, :destino, :valor),end s(:scope, end s(:block, s(:call, nil, :puts, s(:arglist, s(:str, quot;iniciando transferenciaquot;))), s(:call, nil, :puts, s(:arglist, s(:str, quot;por favor, aguarde...quot;)))))), s(:defn, :incrementa_juros, s(:args, :taxa), s(:scope, s(:block, s(:nil)))))))

Ruby2Ruby var bloco = function() { alert(quot;hey, I'm a functionquot;); } bloco.toString();

Ruby2Ruby var bloco = function() { alert(quot;hey, I'm a functionquot;); } bloco.toString(); bloco = lambda do puts quot;hey, I'm a blockquot; end bloco.to_ruby # => quot;proc { puts(quot;hey, I'm a blockquot;) }quot;

metaprogramação: como ﬁca o código gerado?

serialização de código

require 'mapreduce_enumerable' (1..100).to_a.dmap do |item| item * 2 end http://romeda.org/blog/2007/04/mapreduce-in-36-lines-of-ruby.html

Ofuscação

Ruby2Java

• rb2js: http://rb2js.rubyforge.org • red-js: http://wiki.github.com/jessesielaff/red

JRuby compiler2.rb

Geradores • Gráﬁcos • UML • ...

Código Nativo (problema) • ruby_parser • Ripper (1.9) • JRuby ParseTree

Dúvidas? Obrigado! fabio.kung@caelum.com.br http://fabiokung.com twitter: fabiokung

Ruby, muito mais que reflexivo

by Fabio Kung on Apr 04, 2009

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