Open Access Publishing - The Journal of Medical Internet Research

Pioneering Open Access Publishing in Health Informatics
The Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR)
1998-2010
Gunther Eysenbach MD MPH
Editor/Publisher, J Med Internet Reswww.jmir.org
Associate Professor Department of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto;
Senior Scientist, Centre for Global eHealth Innovation,Division of Medical Decision Making and Health Care Research;
Epublishing and Open Access Research Group
Toronto General Research Institute of the UHN, Toronto General Hospital, Canada

Editor/Publisher,
J Med Internet Reswww.jmir.org
Associate Professor Department of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto;
Senior Scientist, Centre for Global eHealth Innovation,Division of Medical Decision Making and Health Care Research;
Epublishing and Open Access Research Group
PI, Consumer Health Informatics & Public Health Informatics Lab
Toronto General Research Institute of the UHN, Toronto General Hospital, Canada

This talk focuses on 7 Publishing Innovations of JMIR
First Open Access journal in health informatics / health services research (* 1999)
Impact, Article Level Metrics
XML Copyediting and Typesetting Scripts
WebCite: Archiving cited webpages / grey reports
Innovative business model
Open Peer-Review
iJMR (interactive Journal of Medical Research) - knol-based (wiki-like) peer-reviewed journal (spin-off)

www.jmir.org

Background: Knowledge Transfer in Health Informatics
Journals remain the most important KT activity
Traditional medical informatics journals are poorly cited and the visibility and uptake beyond a relatively small medical informatics community remains limited
Disruptive technology (Internet) allows for experiments with new publishing models (incl bypassing traditional publishers and leaving publishing in the hands of scientists) and new business models (OPEN ACCESS)

Why the world needed JMIR in 1998
No openly accessible high-impact journals in health informatics / health service research
Health informatics researchers know the value of information and knowledge buried in the medical literature (often inaccessible for textmining)
No journal devoted to the burgeoning areas of “Internet medicine”, consumer health informatics, participatory medicine
Most medical informatics journals paper-based, slow review processes

JMIR: An OA pioneer
1998. JMIR assembles editorial board
1999. First JMIR issue published
May 5, 1999. E-Biomed proposed by Harold Varmus
October 22, 1999. Sante Fe Convention (OAI) issued.
February 2000. PubMed Central (free full-text articles) launched
July 19, 2000. BioMed Central published its first free online article.
March 23, 2001. Open Letter launched by the Public Library of Science (PLoS)
February 14, 2002. Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) launched
October 13, 2003. The Public Library of Science launched its first open-access journal, PLoS Biology
October 2004. PloS Medicine launched
Innovation #1: Open Access
http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/timeline.htm

http://www.webcitation.org/5kihtiutz
JMIR is a founding member of OASPA

Achievements
Now indexed in Medline, CINAHL, Information Science Abstracts, INSPEC, Communication Abstracts, The Informed Librarian Online, LISA, EMBASE, Scopus, Current Contents/Clinical Medicine (CC/CM) and Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE), PsycINFO, Google Scholar, LISTA, …
Impact Factor: 3.9 (2009)
top ranked in medical informatics category (with JAMIA) (among 21 journals)
and health sciences & health services research category (#2 after Health Techn Assessment review journal) (among 62 journals)

JMIR milestones
1999: Launch
2001: NLM/Medline indexing
2002: Introduction of Article Processing Fee [APF] ($500)
Dec 2002: named Official Journal of IHCC
Aug 2003: named Official Journal of SIM (Society for Internet in Medicine), abandons Medical Informatics and the Internet (Taylor & Francis) as Official Journal
Aug 2003: Fast-Track Fee [FTF] ($150), guarantees an editorial decision within 2 weeks after submission, and publication of the article within 4 wks after acceptance.
Nov 2003: Use of OJS 1.0
2003: Institutional Membership Scheme introduced
Nov 2004: Major site relaunch: PDFs available, all articles available as XML
2005: ISI begins monitoring JMIR
2006: JMIR in PubMed Central
2007: First Impact Factor (2006) published by ISI: 2.9 (#2/20 in Medical Informatics [MI], #6/56 in Health Care Sciences & Services [HCSS])
2007: Upgrade to OJS 2.0
2007: 30k SSHRC grant for open access journals
2008: Impact Factor (2007): 3.0 (almost the same as the #1 JAMIA: 3.1)
2008: 90k SSHRC grant for 3 years
2008: OASPA (OA Scholarly Publishers Assoc) founded, JMIR founding member
2009: Impact Factor (2008): 3.6 (now ranked #1 in Med Informatics and #2 in Health Sciences & Health Services Research categories [with #1 being a review journal])
2010: iJMIR, eProceedings launch (spin-off journals)
2010: Impact Factor (2009): 3.9

JMIR Impact Factor
Top Medical Informatics Journals

Beyond citations: Article-level metrics
Indicators for end-user uptake
Innovation #2: Article-level metrics (incl. tweets)

Article Level Metrics
Top cited (top articles got >100 citations)
Top viewed (top articles get >1000 views per month)
Top tweeted (top articles get >50 tweets per month), Tweets Influence Factor
Top purchased (PDF purchases)

Manuscript Management Software
Early adopter of Open Journal Systems (OJS) (open source manuscript management system)
Development work in the area of XML workflow, subscription/member administration plugins, payment modules etc. (now contributed to OJS 2.x)
XML typesetting scripts (now branded as Lemon8/PKP product, originally developed by the JMIR team*)
Unique web-based reference checking & correction workflow for copyeditor (“OrangeX”)
Innovation #3: Open Source ContributionsXML Workflows
* MJ Suhonos, Juan Alperin

JMIR Production Workflow
NLM-DTD
compliant
XML
e.g. for PubMedCentral submissions
Word
File

XML Typesetting Scripts Citations parser, Online Form

WebCite®(www.webcitation.org)
Archiving of cited Internet Resources
Innovation #4: Archiving System for Webpages

In one study published in the journal Science, 13% of Internet references in scholarly articles were inactive after only 27 months.
Dellavalle RP, Hester EJ, Heilig LF, Drake AL, Kuntzman JW, Graber M, et al. Information science. Going, going, gone: lost Internet references. Science 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):787-788. DOI:10.1126/science.1088234

Innovative Business Model
Authors keep ©, published under Creative Commons Attribution License
“Author-pays” model:
$90 submission fee
Optional: Fast-track fee $450 (3 wk turnaround)
Article Processing Fee [APF] currently US$1900, payable on acceptance only
Institutional members (medical informatics departments etc.) ($900 p.a.): APF waived
Personal membership: Downloading PDF
Innovation #5: Business Model

jmir-revenues-pie2007-recalc2.xls

Expenses
Technical developer (1-2 analysts)
Copyeditor (formerly in-house, now freelancer pool)
(minimal) investment in software licenses (mostly open source),
memberships in publisher associations (CrossRef, ALPSP, OASPA etc.)
Academic Editors paid a nominal per-article honorarium beginning in 2010

Open Peer Review @ JMIR
Innovation #6: Open Peer-Review

Semantics of “Openess” in peer-review
Transparent: Disclosing reviewer names, perhaps even reviews
Participatory: Open for anybody to join, collaborative

Open peer-review - solution for peer-review challenges
“After 30 years of practicing peer review and 15 years of studying it experimentally, I’m unconvinced of its value” (Richard Smith)
A lot of reviewers’ time is wasted (authors just submit to another journal, w/o making changes)
Reviewers do a poor job spotting errors (9 maj errors, each spotted by 10-50% - J R Soc Med. 2008;101: 507-14)
Possible future: Publish first into a moderated collection, solicit broad input, publish/index “version of record”

iJMR on knol.google.com
http://tinyurl.com/ijmr-submit

www.medicine20congress.com

Conclusions
Open Access was clearly a success factor in making JMIR a leading scholarly journal
The JMIR example shows that with creativity and a lean publishing model sustainable OA is possible
Resource constraints and non-profit model lead to innovation
Small journals face uphill battles

Future Prospects
JMIR has to focus on quality, not quantity, to preserve high impact factor, making publishing expensive
In the process becoming a multi-journal publisher (economies of scale)
Spin-off, “second-tier” journal(s), e.g. iJMR, to enable publication of submissions not suitable for JMIR
Eproceedings journal(s)

Please cite as:Eysenbach G. 10 years experience with pioneering open access publishing in health informatics: the Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR).Stud Health Technol Inform. 2010;160(Pt 2):1329-3
(cc-by) can be freely distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License

Thank you!
Dr G. Eysenbach, Email: geysenba at uhnres.utoronto.ca or @gmail.com,
My peer-reviewed Journal: http://www.jmir.org
My Blog: http://gunther-eysenbach.blogspot.com
My Conferences: http://www.medicine20congress.com
http://www.ehealthcongresss.org
My Slides: http://www.slideshare.net/eysen
Funding
Change Foundation, Canadian Institutes for Health Research, NSERC, European Union, SSHRC

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Open Access Publishing - The Journal of Medical Internet Research

by Gunther Eysenbach

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