Cloudy in Indonesia: Java and Cloud

Cloudy in Indonesia – Java and CloudEberhard WolffArchitecture and Technology Manageradesso AGTwitter: @ewolffBlog: http://ewolff.com

About me►  Eberhard Wolff►  Architecture & Technology Manager at adesso►  adesso is a leading IT consultancy in Germany►  We are hiring►  Speaker►  Author (i.e. first German Spring book)►  Blog: http://ewolff.com►  Twitter: @ewolff►  eberhard.wolff@adesso.de

Agenda  A Few Words About Cloud  Java and IaaS  PaaS – Platform as a Service  Google App Engine  CloudBees  Amazon Beanstalk

A Few Words About Cloud

Infrastructure Platform Software as a Service as a Service as a Service>  Virtual Servers >  Virtual Application Server >  Software or Service that you use>  Similar to Virtualization >  Handles Scale-Out >  Components that you>  Manage Everything >  Mostly Managed by add/integrate into your Yourself Provider app

Cloud might be...•  Private /internal “on premise” –  In your data center –  Useful in particular for larger organizations•  Public “off premise” –  Hosted and Operated by a third Party –  Ideal for Startups etc•  Even smaller enterprises can create private clouds•  Based on virtualization

Cloud at the Core is a Business Model►  Customer pays only for what he uses >  Per CPU hour or cycles, per GB of storage, per MB of network bandwidth >  Per user and year >  Not for having stand-by capacity►  Flexibility: More capacity is available on demand >  Instantly available >  Customer uses GUI or API to expand capacity >  Cloud provider is responsible for having capacity ready►  Makes IT just another service

Why Cloud?►  Compelling Economics >  Lower CapEx >  Cheaper handling of peak loads >  Better resource utilization >  Simple to achieve benefits – direct ROI >  Chances are your data center is not as efficient as Amazon’s, Microsoft’s or Googles’s

Why Cloud?►  Flexibility and better productivity for development >  Self service portal >  Much easier to set up environments >  Feasible to have production-like environments quickly and cheaply available >  …or environment for load tests >  Indirect: Better productivity leads to cost saving / better time to market

Why Cloud?►  Better Service >  Higher Availability >  Better Reliability >  Redundancy across multiple data centers >  Lower latency because of local data centers

What this is all about... WAR

So, let me get started►  Get an account at an IaaS provider►  …or virtualize your data center and create a self service portal►  Install your (Java EE) environment►  Install your (Java) application►  Done►  Wow, that was easy!

That is not enough►  How do you deal with peaks? Need more app server instances►  The server instances must be shut down after the peak►  …otherwise you would pay for them►  Traditional middleware does not allow for that►  Elastic scaling►  RBMS prefer scale up (larger server)►  In the cloud it is easier to scale out (more server)►  That is why Amazon and Google use NoSQL / key-value stores►  Map / Reduce for analyzing large data sets

Cloud Influences the Programming Model►  Some Jave EE technologies are not a good fit >  Non-JMS messaging technologies –  AMQP / RabbitMQ –  Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS) –  Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS) >  Two Phase Commit / JTA leads to long locking / strong coupling >  What do you do about Map / Reduce? >  What do you do about NoSQL?►  You might be better off with a different programming model >  Spring can handle non-Java-EE environments (e.g. Tomcat) >  Projects for NoSQL, AMQP …

And what about Java EE 7?►  Java EE 7 is supposed to be about Cloud >  Multi-Tenant systems >  Probably new roles like PaaS Administrator >  Cloud services►  I am currently not aware of Cloud offerings that support Java EE out of the box►  I.e. beyond manual installation on an IaaS or provided images►  In particular no PaaS

More Flexibility Needed►  And remember: You pay the resources you consume►  You need to use more or less resources based on load►  You need to be able to shut down servers if load is low►  You need to be able to start new servers if load is high

What you will eventually come up with►  A tool to take an Application App►  …and create a VM with all needed infrastructure etc►  Dynamically i.e. scale up and down►  Need tools to >  Install software >  Manage infrastructure >  Configure infrastructure >  Set up user etc >  Puppet, Chef etc.►  Like a factory for VMs►  Works on Private Cloud, Public Cloud or your VM VM local machine►  Vagrant

So…►  Very flexible►  Works for any IaaS and any software to be installed►  Works for complex environments with many infrastructure pieces >  Install a database server, some Tomcats, a load balancer and a cache server >  Fine tune all the parameters►  Can deploy different parts of the application to special nodes►  But often developers just want a platform to run applications on►  No fine tuning►  Also: Developers need other non-Java-EE services

Not just automated… App VM

Invisible App PaaS

PaaS►  Platform as a service (PaaS) is the delivery of a computing platform and solution stack as a service.

PaaS: Advantages and Disadvantages  Advantages •  More useful than IaaS: You would need to install a server anyway •  Automatic scaling –  Resources automatically added •  Can offer additional service •  Tuned for Cloud •  Technical e.g. data store, messaging, GUI elements •  …but IaaS does the same (Amazon)  Disadvantages •  Less flexible •  Pre-defined programming model •  Defines environment •  Programming model might be different •  Hard to port existing code •  Need to learn

Google App Engine

Google App Engine  Infrastructure offered by Google  Supports Java and Python  Infrastructure completely hidden  GAE sandbox more restrictive than normal JVM sandbox  So GAE can handle your application better  Java classes white list •  i.e. some Java classes must not be used •  no Thread •  no file system •  parts of System class (e.g. gc(), exit()…) •  Reflection and ClassLoader work

Google App Engine: Storage  Relational database only in App Engine for Business  Based on BigTable •  Googles storage technology •  High replication or simple master / slave •  Key/value i.e. objects stored under some key •  No joins •  Simple / simplistic (?) •  Scalable •  Example of NoSQL  Max. 1 MB per entity (and other limitations)

Google App Engine: Storage APIs  API: Low level com.google.appengine.api.datastore •  Not compatible to JDBC or the like •  Queries, transactions, entities etc. •  Should only be used by framework  API: JDO (Java Data Objects) •  Standard for O/R Mapper and OODBMS •  Unsupported: Joins, JDOQL grouping and aggregates, polymorphic queries  API: JPA (Java Persistence API) •  Well established standard for O/R Mappers •  Unsupported: Many-to-many relationships; join, aggregate and polymorphic queries, some inheritance mappings  Problem: JPA / JDO based on RDBMS, but this is key/value   So maybe use the low level API instead?  JPA and JDO actually implemented by Data Nucleus library •  Byte code must be enhanced in an additional compile step

Google App Engine: Additional services  Memcache •  Implements JCache (JSR 107) •  Fast access to data in memory  URL Fetch based on java.net.URL to read data via HTTP  EMail support using JavaMail  XMPP instant messages (proprietary API)  Image Manipulation (proprietary API)  Authentication / Authorization based on Google accounts (proprietary API)  Task queuing (proprietary API, experimental)  Blob store (proprietary API, experimental) for data >1MB  Channel (to talk to JavaScript in the browser)  Numerous other services available (not tied to App Engine)   Google Predict, Google BigQuery, AdSense, Search, …

Google App Engine for Business►  Centralized administration.►  99.9% uptime SLA►  Premium developer support available.►  Sign on for users from your Google Apps domain►  Announced >  SSL on your company’s domain for secure communications >  Access to advanced Google services >  Relational database

Google App Engine  Documentation + SDK + Eclipse Plug In available  SDK contains environment for local tests  http://code.google.com/appengine/

Google App Engine►  Pioneer: Very early in the market►  Very restrictive environment >  Limited sandbox >  Focus on NoSQL while typical Java applications use RDBMS >  Limit on start up time of application etc >  Limit on response time (30 seconds) >  No control or access to operating system >  Not even the web server►  So specialized frameworks have been created (Gaelyk for Groovy)►  Benefits?

Amazon Beanstalk

Amazon Web Services►  Collection of Cloud Offerings (mostly IaaS)►  Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)►  Elastic Map Reduce►  Auto Scaling►  SimpleDB : Big Table like NoSQL database►  Simple Queue Service (SQS)►  Simple Notification Service (SNS)►  Simple Email Service (SES)►  Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)►  Simple Storage Service (S3)►  Elastic Block Storage (EBS)►  Third party offerings like https://mongohq.com/ for MongoDB and https://cloudant.com/ for CouchDB

Amazon BeanStalk►  Based on the Amazon EC2 infrastructure►  …and Auto Scaling and S3►  Add Linux, OpenJDK, Tomcat►  Currently in beta►  …and only in US-East►  Eclipse Plug In available►  Supports version handling of applications►  Supports elastic scaling depending on load indicators►  Simple Monitoring built in►  Detailed control over the environment (Tomcat parameters, used AMIs, log in to machine etc.)

Amazon BeanStalk►  Access to Tomcat logs etc.►  Access to the OS►  Fine tuning of Tomcat parameters possible►  Easy, yet powerful►  Videos to get started►  Demo application based on Spring >  Uses also S3 (storage) and Simple Notification Service (SNS)►  Add Relational Database Service (RDS) for enterprise scale MySQL►  …and all the other Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Amazon BeanStalk►  Much like your average Enterprise Java environment►  =Tomcat + RDBMS►  Cloud features like elastic scaling available►  Can easily add other AWS elements►  Runs on a proven environment►  But: 1 server = 1 virtual machine►  GAE can run multiple applications on one machine►  More cost efficient (?)

CloudBees

CloudBees: DEV@Cloud►  In fact two services: DEV@Cloud and RUN@Cloud►  DEV@Cloud: Developer services►  Continuous Integration (Jenkins) >  Good application of the Cloud: Peaks and high load only during working hours >  Standardized and universally applicable service >  Some Essentials Plug Ins in free version >  More in Base / Pro / Enterprise pay version >  Also more parallel build in pay version >  …and faster build machines►  Maven repository >  Snapshot / Release >  Builds can be automatically deployed►  Potentially other services

CloudBees: RUN@Cloud►  Tomcat on EC2►  Easily deploy a WAR >  either by web interface >  or command line utility (bees SDK)►  Little control >  Only 256MB heap >  Single instance or multiple instance >  No elastic scaling >  Potentially cheaper: Can you multiple application on one machine►  Simple monitoring (web / command line)►  MySQL database >  Very simple (i.e. just one server, but backup included) >  Could use Amazon RDS instead

Java in the Cloud: Conclusion  Feasible to run Java applications in the cloud  IaaS   Maximum control   Automatic installation needed   Also works on private cloud / virtualized environment  Google App Engine   Very limited sandbox   Advantage?  Amazon Beanstalk   Standard Enterprise Java Stack   Lots of additional Amazon Web Services (Relational Database Service)  CloudBees   DEV@Cloud: Developer-only features (Jenkins)   RUN@Cloud: simple but probably more price efficient

Wir suchen Sie als  Software-Architekt (m/w)  Projektleiter (m/w)  Senior Software Engineer (m/w) jobs@adesso.de www.AAAjobs.de

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Cloudy in Indonesia: Java and Cloud

by Eberhard Wolff on Apr 08, 2011

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