Mike Barker, Arup

ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT Y Mike Barker Associate ARUP, MIEEM CEnv ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

PRESENTATION OUTLINE • Energy and carbon in the water sector • Links to the energy sector • Frameworks: Carbon hierarchy and water hierar rchy • Carbon and water footprinting: An introduction • Balancing carbon and water: Behaviour or techn nology • Conclusions C l i ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

TOTAL WATER WITHDRAWALS Private Mining M water supply 1% Other Domestic 0% 0% Other Public 1% Fish, farming, industry Supply cress growing i 12% 11% Public Water and amenity Supply ponds 21% 10% Public water Energy Cooling supply pp y Thermoelectric Irrigation 43% 49% power 31% 49% Irrigation Electricity 24% 28% Agriculture other Industry than spray 12% Livestock Aquaculture irrigation Spray irrigation Indus strial 0% 1% 4% % 2% 1% ENGLAND AND WALES UNITEDSurvey 2005 data ST TATES EUROPEAN UNION European Environment Agency data, 1997-2002 Ofwat 2007 data U.S. Geological y ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

UK WATER-RELATED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, 2005/06 ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

BREAKDOWN OF CARBON EMISSIONS FOR DOMESTIC USE WATER R ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

ENERGY INDUSTRY ISSUES MAP 2007/8 – 2008/9 ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

THE NEED FOR A FRAMEWORK • Climate change is the defining issue of this century • Carbon is everyone’s concern • Water in the UK is highly regulated • Pressure to “do our bit” is increasing – do bit but what is “our bit” for the water industry? © phil landowski ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

WHAT FRAMEWORK? CARBON AND WATER SYSTEM CARBON WATER ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

CARBON HIERARCHY ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

DYNAMIC SYSTEMS WATER CYCLE • How to work with feedback loops • Describing positive and negative feedback • Combining carbon cycle and water cycle, with many variables • A systems approach helps us identify industry-wide opportunities ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

DEVELOPING THE SYSTEM ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

EXAMPLES OF CARBON FOOTPRINTING PROCESS • Legal requirement for Water companies to g q p calculate and report their operational emissions • Portsmouth Water assessed full Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions (using Bottomline3) • E bl d id tifi ti of where i th supply chain Enabled identification f h in the l h i the most significant carbon footprint impacts occur and encourages sustainable procurement and engagement with suppliers © Attilio Ivan ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

WATER HIERARCHY ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

WATER FOOTPRINTING: AN INTRODUCTION the volume of fresh water used to produce the product, summed over the various steps of the production chain. Water footprint includes a temporal and spatial dimension. type of water use: Green water footprint volume of rainwater evaporated. p p Blue water footprint volume of surface or groundwater evaporated. Grey water footprint volume of polluted water. (the theoretical amount of water needed to dilute contaminants.) ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? DOMESTIC WATER USE EXAMPLE ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? DOMESTIC WATER USE EXAMPLE EU per capita water consumption (l/p/d) Source: based on Waterwise data, 2006 ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

UK REGULATORY FRAMEWORK •How can the reg lator s stem Ho regulatory system incentives reductions in water use? •In the US, some energy utilities sell "Negawatts" (a Megawatt avoided) Negawatts •How would we create, measure and sell "Negalitres"? •Why would the consumer trust a water Why company to sell them Negalitres? ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

DOMESTIC DESIGN GREY WATER AND RAINWATER HARVESTING ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

POSSIBLE BALANCED SOLUTIONS Carbon Other Stakeholder Power Sector Delivery Cost Benefits Water Be enefits Water Co Priority Priority Priority Incentivising Negalitres N N N Small hydro N N ? Anaerobic digestion Y Y ? Catchment management ? Y N Process efficiency N N Y Rainwater harvesting N N N Greywater recycling N N N Desalination N N N Non‐potable water N N ? Reduce leakage ? Y N Metering M t i ? Y N Dry cooling N ? ? Renewables ? Y Y Biofuels N Y ? Source: Arup internal workshop ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

PIECE BY PIECE - ENERGY • Reduce consumer demand for energy • Increase renewables • So e carbon-saving technologies a e dde Some ca bo sa g tec o og es have hidden water implications (CCS) • Biofuels are not all as beneficial as they seem ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

PIECE BY PIECE - WATER • Reduce consumer demand and water heating, • Look at total system carbon including treatment • Biogas p g production and use • Increase climate resilience • Gravity feed standards • Leakage reductions • Heat recovery ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

REMAKING THE SYSTEM Increase climate resilience Gravity feed standards Reduce consumer demand and water heating Leakage reductions Look at total system Biogas production Heat recovery carbon including and use treatment ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

CONCLUSIONS ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

CONC CLUSIONS • Water a carbon – the big issues of our age and • Engine eering problems but not only engineering problems • System thinking is imperative ms • Change is possible, and offers potential to be beneficial and inclusive e ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

THANK YOU ANY QUESTIONS? ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

Mike Barker, Arup

by evzngw on Apr 14, 2010

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