Science with the Herschel far-infrared & submillimeter space telescope Reinhard Genzel Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Garching (FRG)

Evolution of the Universe Herschel aims at understanding how the Milky Way, our Sun and our Solar System have formed and evolved to their present state Big Bang recombination 300,000 yrs first stars, galaxies & black holes 0.5-1 Gyr current Universe & solar system 13.7 Gyrs

The cool, dusty Universe dust and gas in the Orion nebula star forming region far-infrared and submillimeter band conversion of UV-radiation into far-infrared emission at the interface of a dense cloud

The cool, dusty Universe correlation between dustiness and luminosity in local-Universe infrared-luminous galaxies

The cool, dusty Universe high resolution imaging and deep photometry of thermal dust emission detection and investigation of the coolest and most dust enshrouded objects detection and imaging of key cooling lines of interstellar gas of a wide range of physical properties high resolution spectroscopy of molecular absorption and emission lines for a quantitative analysis of physical and chemical properties throughout the far-infrared and submillimeter band Herschel will carry out

high resolution imaging and deep photometry of thermal dust emission

detection and investigation of the coolest and most dust enshrouded objects

detection and imaging of key cooling lines of interstellar gas of a wide range of physical properties

high resolution spectroscopy of molecular absorption and emission lines for a quantitative analysis of physical and chemical properties

the cosmic interstellar-stellar cycle Herschel will investigate all stages of the interstellar-stellar cycle in a wide range of astrophysical environments W5 star forming region

how does interstellar gas cool to be able to form stars ? Herschel will carry out detailed spectroscopic surveys for a quantitative understanding of the abundances of water and other key molecules in the solar system, the Galaxy and nearby galaxies predicted submillimeter spectrum of water in a dense protostellar clump comets as sources of water vapor in the solar system

gas in other worlds the merging galaxy pair NGC3690-IC694 Herschel will be able to explore, for the first time, the properties of the interstellar media in distant galaxies ISO-LWS spectroscopy of the merger Arp 220

how do stars form ? Herschel will carry out large surveys for a full census of star formation and early evolution in the Milky Way protostellar clumps in  -Oph emerging young star cluster in Serpens protostellar jet in HH 47 edge-on protostellar disk in Orion debris dust disk around Formalhaut

how do stars form ? spectral characteristics of different stages of star formation Herschel will investigate the time evolution of protostars from the initial completely dust-enshrouded stage to the final young stellar & planetary system

how do stars form ? Herschel will apply ‘ chemical fingerprinting’ as a new tool for studying the evolution of star forming clouds and protostellar disks

how do stars form ? Herschel will explore how the stellar initial mass function is formed from dense gas clumps in dust enshrouded stellar nurseries clump mass function in the Pipe Nebula CO clouds

star formation in galaxies Herschel will study dusty starbursts from the local Universe to the most spectacular first events in the young Universe massive star forming region in the Milky Way & local Universe: 10 4 M  clusters with ~100 O stars merging galaxy pair in local Universe: 10 6 M  clusters with 10 4 O-stars gas rich young galaxy 3Gyrs after the Big Bang: 10 9 M  clusters with 10 7 O-stars

re-cycling of gas & dust ejection of gas in the Crab Nebula supernova remnant Herschel will study the evolution and chemical properties of dusty mass loss episodes in the late stages of stellar evolution CO shell in the outflow from the carbon giant star TT-Cyg

what drives star and galaxy formation in the early Universe ? major merger rapid ‘cold’ flow from halo

a census of dusty AGN and star forming galaxies at high redshift Herschel will carry out a wide range of deep imaging surveys to explore the extinction-free evolution of star formation in the young Universe 1.4°x1.4° XMM COSMOS field Simulated deep PACS sub-field survey

a census of dusty AGN and star forming galaxies at high redshift Herschel will explore the assembly and co-evolution of massive galaxies & black holes Quasar- density cosmic star formation density 1 2 3 6 10 13.7 time after the Big Bang (billions of years) activity a 3 billion solar mass black hole 800 million years after the Big Bang!

what is the cosmic IR-background made out of ? Herschel will for the first time resolve the majority of the cosmic far-infrared background COB CIB

evolution of the Universe Herschel aims at understanding how the Milky Way, our Sun and our Solar System have formed and evolved to their present state Big Bang recombination 300,000 yrs first stars, galaxies & black holes 0.5-1 Gyr current Universe & solar system 13.7 Gyrs