Development Cooperation Between Asia and Africa ( Contribution toward a Green Revolution in Africa ) Motofumi KOHARA Rural Development Department Japan International Cooperation Agency Brussels Rural Development Briefings, Brussels, (2 nd July 2008)

Japan’s ODA and Agriculture Sector for Africa Japan’s ODA for Africa in 10 yrs. 1,067 m$ ->2,558 m$ (1996) (2006) Agriculture, forestry and fishery sector was 598.8 m$ and account for only 7.3% in 2006.

Japan’s ODA for Africa in 10 yrs. 1,067 m$ ->2,558 m$

(1996) (2006)

Agriculture, forestry and fishery sector was 598.8 m$ and account for only 7.3% in 2006.

Japan’s ODA for Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Sector In agriculture, forestry and fishery sector, Africa account for 16.5% in Total Japan’s ODA in 2006. Africa account for 33.9% in Technical Cooperation and Grant Aid . Commitment Base in 2006, in million US$ 598.80 307.45 100.91 190.45 Total 18.54 1.89 16.65 Other 4.19 4.19 Middle East 115.21 51.97 30.97 32.27 Latin America 98.67 43.62 55.04 Africa 362.19 255.48 24.42 82.29 Asia Total Loan Grant Aid Tech. Coop

In agriculture, forestry and fishery sector,

Africa account for 16.5% in Total Japan’s ODA in 2006.

Africa account for 33.9% in Technical Cooperation and Grant Aid .

Increase Rice Production in Yokohama Action Plan 3 pillars of Agriculture and Rural Development in Yokohama Action Plan 1. Enhance capacity to increase food production and agricultural Productivity “ Increase rice production through developing capacities to adopt systematic crop management, and new methodologies including wider use of New Rice for Africa (NERICA), aiming at doubling the rice production in African countries in ten years .” 2. Improve access to markets and agricultural competitiveness 3. Support sustainable management of water resources and land use

3 pillars of Agriculture and Rural Development in Yokohama Action Plan

1. Enhance capacity to increase food production and agricultural Productivity

“ Increase rice production through developing capacities to adopt systematic crop management, and new methodologies including wider use of New Rice for Africa (NERICA), aiming at doubling the rice production in African countries in ten years .”

2. Improve access to markets and agricultural competitiveness

3. Support sustainable management of water resources and land use

Rice Production Quantity(1000t) ● More than 1000 ● Between 500 and 1000 ● Between 100 and 500 ● Between 10 and 100 （ Reference : Consumption per capita in Japan 63.8kg ） ○ West African Countries ： Rice is staple food. Rice Production and Consumption per Capita In Africa ○ East African Countries ： Rice is becoming major grain. Madagascar 126kg Cote d’Ivoire 79kg Guinea 91kg Uganda 2.6kg （ Yr.1990 ） -> 6.7kg （ Yr.2005 ） Mozambique 6.8kg （ Yr.1990 ） -> 23.1kg （ Yr.2005 ） Senegal 70kg

Production and Consumption of Major Grains in Africa Maize Rice (Milled) Wheat Sorghum Widening Demand-supply Gap (Rice and Wheat) Soaring International Food Prices + Food Crisis

Why Focusing on Rice in Africa? Expanding Consumption Rice consumption is rapidly increasing in many African countries. Suitable Weather Rice is tropical crop originally. （ Very limited area for Wheat cultivation. ） Suitable Land There are wide undeveloped wetlands. Potential of Productivity Improvement There is possibility to increase yield per unit with basic technology transfer and inputs such as fertilizer and improved seeds. South-South Cooperation Asia Africa Increasing Rate of Yield per unit area ： 2.2 times Increasing Rate of Area ： 1.3 times Increasing Rate of Yield per unit area ： 1.4 times Increasing Rate of Area ： 3.3 times African Green Revolution will be promoted through learning from experience of Asian Green Revolution.

Expanding Consumption

Rice consumption is rapidly increasing in many African countries.

Suitable Weather

Rice is tropical crop originally.

（ Very limited area for Wheat cultivation. ）

Suitable Land

There are wide undeveloped wetlands.

Potential of Productivity Improvement

There is possibility to increase yield per unit with basic technology transfer and inputs such as fertilizer and improved seeds.

African Green Revolution will be promoted through learning from experience of Asian Green Revolution.

Essentials of “Coalition for African Rice Development (CARD)” Double rice harvest within 10 years from the present production of 14 million tons to 28 million tons Irrigated Field Rehabilitation of Existing Irrigation Facilities, Strengthening of Water User’s Association Rainfed Lowland Establishment of Rice Development Model Rainfed Upland Expanding of NERICA Dissemination AGRA, FARA, NEPAD, WARDA, IRRI,JIRCAS, JICA WB, AfDB, FAO, IFAD, WFP, UNDP etc Pilot Countries Core Organization Partner （ Donor ） Implementation Framework Goal of the Initiative Approaches classified by agro-ecology

Goal: － Double Africa’s rice harvest within ten years （ 14 million tons ->28 million tons ） － Accompanied by other measures for rural development . Measures : － Yield-enhancing technical packages － Large numbers of demonstration plots for dissemination of new production technologies － Small and medium-scale water management interventions － Introduction of small-scale rice processing equipment － Creation of better links between smallholder farmers and rice markets － Linkages with existing rice programs and policy frameworks (e.g. CAADP, ARI) － High level advocacy measures for adequate representation of the rice sector in CAADP national and regional roundtable processes － Partnering with all the stakeholders dedicated or capable of contributing to a Green Revolution in Africa － Preferentially targeting women rice producers to reduce their burden “ Coalition for African Rice Development (CARD)” -Goal and Measures-

Mechanism ： － A Coalition to be formed as a consultative grouping of participating bilateral and multilateral donors and African and international institutions － Core Members: AGRA, NEPAD, FARA, WARDA, IRRI, JIRCAS, JICA － Possible Donor Partners: AfDB, WB, FAO, IFAD, WFP, UNDP, Bilateral donors (Asian rice producing countries), etc － Pilot Countries: Selection criteria to be established (e.g. national policies; readiness of donor intervention; production growth potential; groups with similar production characteristics) － Secretariat: Staff allocated from AGRA, WARDA and JICA in AGRA Head Quarters in Nairobi Main Function of CARD ： － Harmonization/coordination of policies and actions between CARD and African rice producing countries － Identification of high potential areas － Advocacy and resource mobilization － Information/knowledge sharing and dissemination of technologies － Facilitation of human and institutional capacity strengthening － Monitoring the progress of the Coalition initiative “ Coalition for African Rice Development (CARD)” -Implementation Mechanism-

Mechanism ：

－ A Coalition to be formed as a consultative grouping of participating bilateral and multilateral

donors and African and international institutions

－ Core Members: AGRA, NEPAD, FARA, WARDA, IRRI, JIRCAS, JICA

－ Possible Donor Partners: AfDB, WB, FAO, IFAD, WFP, UNDP, Bilateral donors (Asian rice

producing countries), etc

－ Pilot Countries: Selection criteria to be established (e.g. national policies; readiness of donor

intervention; production growth potential; groups with similar production characteristics)

－ Secretariat: Staff allocated from AGRA, WARDA and JICA in AGRA Head Quarters in Nairobi

Main Function of CARD ：

－ Harmonization/coordination of policies and actions between CARD and African rice producing

countries

－ Identification of high potential areas

－ Advocacy and resource mobilization

－ Information/knowledge sharing and dissemination of technologies

－ Facilitation of human and institutional capacity strengthening

－ Monitoring the progress of the Coalition initiative

Green Revolution in Asia By Dr. Keijiro Otsuka, FASID - Asian green revolution has been realized in rice production. Asian green revolution has been achieved through the close collaboration of research institution (IRRI), multilateral and bilateral donors. - Asian experience is very useful, although conditions prevailing in Africa are different.

- Asian green revolution has been realized in rice production.

Asian green revolution has been achieved through the close collaboration of research institution (IRRI), multilateral and bilateral donors.

- Asian experience is very useful, although conditions prevailing in Africa are different.

South-south Cooperation between Asia and Africa TICAD IV stressed the importance of “Broadening Partnership” and calls for the promotion of South-South cooperation, in particular Asia and Africa. Support for agriculture under the TICAD process will include attention to ..…, and the encouragement of South-South cooperation including triangular cooperation. Thailand and Vietnam expressed their willingness to contribute agriculture development in Africa during TICAD IV meeting. With the partnership of JICA’s South-South cooperation program, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand have already started their cooperation for agriculture and rural development in Africa. CARD encourage the participation of Asian countries for the achievement of the doubling rice production in Africa.

TICAD IV stressed the importance of “Broadening Partnership” and calls for the promotion of South-South cooperation, in particular Asia and Africa.

Support for agriculture under the TICAD process will include attention to ..…, and the encouragement of South-South cooperation including triangular cooperation.

Thailand and Vietnam expressed their willingness to contribute agriculture development in Africa during TICAD IV meeting.

With the partnership of JICA’s South-South cooperation program, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand have already started their cooperation for agriculture and rural development in Africa.

CARD encourage the participation of Asian countries for the achievement of the doubling rice production in Africa.

END Thank you for your attention