e-Research 2.0 Taking the measure of Web 2.0 in e-Research Eric T. Meyer, Lucy Power, Ralph Schroeder discussing work of the Oxford e-Social Science (OeSS) Node of NCeSS Oxford Internet Institute University of Oxford Oxford e-Social Science Project

Overview Science 2.0/Open Science GeoVue JOVE Science Blogging The Pynchon Wiki Science 2.0 and e-Research

Science 2.0/Open Science

GeoVue

JOVE

Science Blogging

The Pynchon Wiki

Science 2.0 and e-Research

Open Science / Science 2.0

Open Science / Science 2.0

GeoVUE Virtual London Image Source: Hudson-Smith, Digital Urban Blog at http://digitalurban.blogspot.com/2007/08/ordnance-survey-and-google-statements.html

GeoVUE

MapTube

JOVE Characteristics

Geographic Distribution

Geographic Distribution

Science Blogging

Science Blogging Scienceblogs.com Researchblogging.org Postgenomic.org 100% 335 100 135 100 # of posts 9% 31 6% 6 1% 1 24% 24 Photo-Multimedia 3% 9 3% 3 3% 4 2% 2 Other 14% 46 8% 8 18% 24 14% 14 Blog response 5% 17 10% 10 1% 2 5% 5 Own work 7% 23 11% 11 5% 7 5% 5 Academia 22% 73 16% 16 23% 31 26% 26 Academic 41% 136 46% 46 49% 66 24% 24 News Totals Researchblogging Postgenomic ScienceBlogs Coding

The Pynchon Wiki A Wiki for annotating a contemporary American novel A 1085 page novel is annotated between November 2006 and early 2007 The equivalent single author annotation in book form takes longer than a decade A flexible, highly motivating, distributed collaborative effort – a model for other forms of online collaboration?

A Wiki for annotating a contemporary American novel

A 1085 page novel is annotated between November 2006 and early 2007

The equivalent single author annotation in book form takes longer than a decade

A flexible, highly motivating, distributed collaborative effort – a model for other forms of online collaboration?

The Pynchon Wiki A notoriously reclusive novelist; Author of Gravity’s Rainbow, annotated in book form Against the Day, annotated in Wiki form Arcana integral to story-lines

A notoriously reclusive novelist;

Author of

Gravity’s Rainbow, annotated in book form

Against the Day, annotated in Wiki form

Arcana integral to story-lines

The Pynchon Wiki: Charting Pynchon Online Activity Anticipation Annotation And what’s next?

Weisenburger vs . the Wiki on Pynchon Comparison of book and wiki annotation efforts Annotation Size (no. of words) Entries (topical + alphabetical + page-by-page) Contibutors Book Form Annotation: Weisenburger’s Gravity’s Rainbow 162000 904 1 (22) Wiki: Against the Day 455057 120 + 1358 + 4067 235

The Pynchon Wiki: Wiki Edits over Time

The Pynchon Wiki A race to finish the ‘detective work’ Encouraging amateur contribution and learning from other contributors A model for self-organized collaboration? ‘ Finalization’ of reference work or endless discussion? Reshaping how scholarly resources are distributed, and how we collaborate

A race to finish the ‘detective work’

Encouraging amateur contribution and learning from other contributors

A model for self-organized collaboration?

‘ Finalization’ of reference work or endless discussion?

Reshaping how scholarly resources are distributed, and how we collaborate

Science 2.0 and e-Research Technology affordances for generativity Generativity in this context includes content creation, flexible use, accessibility, ability to distribute Institutional ties are generally weakened Enhancing existing information and behavioural patterns or building analogues is much easier than expecting profound changes in outlook and behaviour Easier to hook into existing communities in ways they understand to make their work easier, better, faster, cooler, more accessible, more widely distributed, more measurable, more sharable, more collaborative, more community-oriented

Technology affordances for generativity

Generativity in this context includes content creation, flexible use, accessibility, ability to distribute

Institutional ties are generally weakened

Enhancing existing information and behavioural patterns or building analogues is much easier than expecting profound changes in outlook and behaviour

Easier to hook into existing communities in ways they understand to make their work easier, better, faster, cooler, more accessible, more widely distributed, more measurable, more sharable, more collaborative, more community-oriented

Ability to generate research materials towards a shared resource on the side of input Output is online, accessible and open to revision or more input Off-the-shelf technology is used and only informal ‘institutions’ are generated or involved Contributions, technology and dissemination are thus bottom-up and ‘open’, including outside academia Science 2.0 and e-Research

Ability to generate research materials towards a shared resource on the side of input

Output is online, accessible and open to revision or more input

Off-the-shelf technology is used and only informal ‘institutions’ are generated or involved

Contributions, technology and dissemination are thus bottom-up and ‘open’, including outside academia

Science 2.0 and e-Research Outlook: Benefits and Challenges Bottom-up driven e-Research generated by user needs Large-scale involvement by research communities, including non-academics ‘ Open’ research, harnessing the ‘wealth of networks’ (user-generated content) Lack of recognition for tool development and contributions to resources Blurring boundaries between science and non-science and lack of quality control Diffuseness of ‘research’, visibility in the midst of attention deluge

Bottom-up driven e-Research generated by user needs

Large-scale involvement by research communities, including non-academics

‘ Open’ research, harnessing the ‘wealth of networks’ (user-generated content)

Lack of recognition for tool development and contributions to resources

Blurring boundaries between science and non-science and lack of quality control

Diffuseness of ‘research’, visibility in the midst of attention deluge

Oxford e-Social Science (OeSS) Node of NCeSS @ Oxford Internet Institute University of Oxford Eric T. Meyer Research Fellow [email_address] http://people.oii.ox.ac.uk/meyer Lucy Power DPhil Student [email_address] http://people.oii.ox.ac.uk/power/ Ralph Schroeder James Martin Research Fellow [email_address] http://people.oii.ox.ac.uk/schroeder Oxford e-Social Science Project