Python workshop #1 at UGA

Getting started How to design programs Python concepts & party tricks Python Workshop 2012The essentials: getting started, program design, modules & I/O Eric Talevich Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia Nov. 8, 2012 Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started How to design programs Python concepts & party tricks1 Getting started2 How to design programs Data structures Algorithms Interfaces3 Python concepts & party tricks File-like objects Iteration The csv module Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started How to design programs Python concepts & party tricksGetting started: Interpreter Your interactive interpreter is one of: python on the command line IDLE — Integrated DeveLopment Environment for Python 1 We’ll use IDLE. Run this in the interpreter: import this 1 Included in the standard Python installation on Windows and Mac Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started How to design programs Python concepts & party tricksGetting started: Scripts 1 Write this in a new, blank text ﬁle: print "Hello, Athens!" Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started How to design programs Python concepts & party tricksGetting started: Scripts 1 Write this in a new, blank text ﬁle: print "Hello, Athens!" 2 Save it in plain-text format with the name hi.py in the same directory as your interpreter session is running. Run it: python hi.py Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started How to design programs Python concepts & party tricks Getting started: Scripts 1 Write this in a new, blank text ﬁle: print "Hello, Athens!" 2 Save it in plain-text format with the name hi.py in the same directory as your interpreter session is running. Run it: python hi.pyA CREDIT Add a line at the top of hi.py to tell Unix this is a Python script: #!/usr/bin/env python Make hi.py executable (from the terminal shell): chmod +x hi.py Now you don’t need the .py extension: mv hi.py hi ./hi Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started How to design programs Python concepts & party tricksGetting started: Documentation In the interpreter: help(function-or-module ) On the command line: pydoc function-or-module In IDLE: <F1> (launches docs.python.org) Also, type(obj ), dir(obj ), vars(obj ) and auto-completion (tab or Ctrl+Space) are pretty handy. Try it: >>> help(str) >>> s = ’Hello’ >>> type(s) >>> dir(s) >>> help(s.capitalize) >>> help(help) Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started How to design programs Python concepts & party tricksExample: string methods Find the string (str) methods to. . . Convert gOoFy-cAsE words to title case, upper case or lower case Remove certain characters from either end Align (justify) within a ﬁxed width, padded by spaces Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesHow to design programs Data structure: Organizes a collection of data units Algorithm: Deﬁnes operations for a speciﬁc task Interface: I/O, how a program interacts with the world Theorem Program = Data Structures + Algorithms + Interfaces Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs AlgorithmsPython concepts & party tricks Interfaces Data structures Organize a program’s information Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesUnits of data: Atoms Class int ﬂoat bool — str Literal 1, -2 .1, 2.9e8 True, False None ’abc’ Try it: >>> num = 0.000000002 >>> num >>> type(num) Features: Create from a data literal or by calling the class name (constructor) Always immutable — assigning another value replaces the original object Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesCollections of data Class Literal Description list [] Ordered array of arbitrary objects dict {} Unordered map of ﬁxed to arbitrary objects set Unordered collection of ﬁxed objects Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesMutable vs. immutable objects Some mutable objects have immutable counterparts: list vs. tuple set vs. frozenset >>> x = (1, 2, 3) >>> x[0] = 7 >>> y = list(x) >>> y[0] = 7 >>> print y Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesVariables are names, not values Mutable collections can be shared: >>> x = [1, 2, 3] >>> y = x >>> y[0] = 4 >>> x is y >>> print ’x =’, x, ’y =’, y Reassigning to an immutable object replaces (changes the id of) the original: >>> x = (1, 2, 3) >>> y = x >>> y = (4, 2, 3) >>> x is y >>> print ’x =’, x, ’y =’, y Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs AlgorithmsPython concepts & party tricks Interfaces a fairly short Break Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs AlgorithmsPython concepts & party tricks Interfaces Algorithms Specify operations Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesControl ﬂow Branching The if statement chooses between code paths: x = -2 if x >= 0: print x, "is positive" else: print x, "was negative" x = -x Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesControl ﬂow Branching The if statement chooses between code paths: x = -2 if x >= 0: print x, "is positive" else: print x, "was negative" x = -x Iteration The for statement visits each element sequentially: for x in [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]: if x >= 0: print x, "is positive" Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks Interfaces# Define a function# −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−# T h i s e x a m p l e shows how t o d e f i n e a s i m p l e f u n c t i o n .# The f u n c t i o n d e f i n i t i o n s t a r t s w i t h keyword ’ d e f ’ ,# t h e n t h e name o f t h e f u n c t i o n and t h e a r g u m e n t s .# The ’ d o c s t r i n g ’ i n q u o t e s i s o p t i o n a l , b u t n i c e .# The r e s t o f t h e code , i n d e n t e d , i s t h e f u n c t i o n body .## ( L i n e s t h a t b e g i n w i t h a h a s h (#) a r e comments . )def n i c e a b s ( x ) : ””” R e t u r n t h e a b s o l u t e v a l u e o f a number . ””” i f x < 0: r e t u r n −x else : return x Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesAlgorithms Deﬁnition: A precise set of instructions for accomplishing a task. We’ll treat an algorithm as one or more functions that operate on some input data to produce some output according to a speciﬁcation. Useful fact: The structure of a function will resemble the structure of the data it operates on. Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesThe design recipe: a general method Steps, in order, for developing a program from scratch: 2 Contract: Name the function; specify the types (i.e. atoms and data structures) of its input data and its output. abs: number → positive number 2 http://htdp.org/2003-09-26/Book/curriculum-Z-H-1.html Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesThe design recipe: a general method Steps, in order, for developing a program from scratch: 2 Contract: Name the function; specify the types (i.e. atoms and data structures) of its input data and its output. abs: number → positive number Purpose: Description of what the program does, in terms of inputs and output — suﬃcient for a function declaration and docstring. 2 http://htdp.org/2003-09-26/Book/curriculum-Z-H-1.html Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesThe design recipe: a general method Steps, in order, for developing a program from scratch: 2 Contract: Name the function; specify the types (i.e. atoms and data structures) of its input data and its output. abs: number → positive number Purpose: Description of what the program does, in terms of inputs and output — suﬃcient for a function declaration and docstring. Example: Function call with arguments, and expected result. abs(-1) → 1 abs(1) → 1 2 http://htdp.org/2003-09-26/Book/curriculum-Z-H-1.html Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesThe design recipe: a general method Steps, in order, for developing a program from scratch: 2 Contract: Name the function; specify the types (i.e. atoms and data structures) of its input data and its output. abs: number → positive number Purpose: Description of what the program does, in terms of inputs and output — suﬃcient for a function declaration and docstring. Example: Function call with arguments, and expected result. abs(-1) → 1 abs(1) → 1 Deﬁnition: The code! Tests: Convert the example to actual code — by running the program on it. 2 http://htdp.org/2003-09-26/Book/curriculum-Z-H-1.html Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesExample: Counting words in text Given a sample text, count the frequencies of each word. Name: wordcount Input: A string of text. Output: A dictionary, with string keys and integers values. Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesExample: Counting words in text Given a sample text, count the frequencies of each word. Name: wordcount Input: A string of text. Output: A dictionary, with string keys and integers values. Purpose: Create a dictionary associating each unique word in the text with the number of times it appears. Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesExample: Counting words in text Given a sample text, count the frequencies of each word. Name: wordcount Input: A string of text. Output: A dictionary, with string keys and integers values. Purpose: Create a dictionary associating each unique word in the text with the number of times it appears. Example: wordcount("yes no yes no maybe") → {’yes’: 2, ’no’: 2, ’maybe’: 1} Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks Interfacesdef w o r d c o u n t ( t e x t ) : ””” Count t h e o c c u r e n c e s o f e a c h word i n t e x t . I n p u t : s t r i n g o f w h i t e s p a c e −d e l i m i t e d words Output : d i c t o f s t r i n g s and i n t e g e r s ( >0) Example : >>> w o r d c o u n t ( ” y e s no y e s no maybe ” ) { ’ maybe ’ : 1 , ’ y e s ’ : 2 , ’ no ’ : 2} ””” w o r d c o u n t s = {} f o r word i n t e x t . s p l i t ( ) : i f word not i n w o r d c o u n t s : # New word ; s t a r t c o u n t i n g from 0 w o r d c o u n t s [ word ] = 0 w o r d c o u n t s [ word ] += 1 return word counts Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs AlgorithmsPython concepts & party tricks Interfaces Snack Time Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs AlgorithmsPython concepts & party tricks Interfaces Interfaces Interact with the world Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesModules Think of a module as a bundle of features. When you import a module, you load an additional set of features that your program can use. >>> import this >>> type(this) >>> help(this) >>> dir(this) A module may also be called a “package” or “library”, or possibly “API”. (It’s nuanced.) Python has many built-in modules. Together, these are called the “standard library”. Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesBuilt-in I/O functions You may already know: print Write a line to the command-line interface. >>> print ’Eureka!’ Eureka! Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesBuilt-in I/O functions You may already know: print Write a line to the command-line interface. >>> print ’Eureka!’ Eureka! raw input Read a line from the command-line interface. >>> name = raw input(’Name: ’) Name: Jonas >>> print ’My name is’, name My name is Jonas Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesThe sys module print and raw input are wrappers for standard output and standard input: import sys sys.stdout File handle for writing to the program’s output. >>> sys.stdout.write(’Eureka!n’) Eureka! Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesThe sys module print and raw input are wrappers for standard output and standard input: import sys sys.stdout File handle for writing to the program’s output. >>> sys.stdout.write(’Eureka!n’) Eureka! sys.stdin File handle for reading from the program’s input. >>> sys.stdout.write(’Name: ’); ... name = sys.stdin.readline() Name: Jonas >>> sys.stdout.write(’My name is ’ + name) My name is Jonas Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesProgram arguments Command-line arguments are stored in sys.argv: cat hi.py #!/usr/bin/env python print ’Hello, Athens!’ Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesProgram arguments Command-line arguments are stored in sys.argv: cat hi.py #!/usr/bin/env python print ’Hello, Athens!’ echo ’Some text’ > example.txt Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesProgram arguments Command-line arguments are stored in sys.argv: cat hi.py #!/usr/bin/env python print ’Hello, Athens!’ echo ’Some text’ > example.txt python hi.py example.txt >>> import sys >>> print sys.argv [’hi.py’, ’example.txt’] Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started Data structures How to design programs Algorithms Python concepts & party tricks InterfacesMore types of interfaces Pipelines (sys.stdin/stdout/stderr) API — calling functions from other programs & libraries IPC — inter-process communication (shm, subprocess) GUI widgets Web forms & Javascript events (Don’t worry about the details here. Just keep this stuﬀ separate from the main algorithm if you encounter it.) Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started File-like objects How to design programs Iteration Python concepts & party tricks The csv moduleWhat is a ﬁle? Consider: A local ﬁle larger than available RAM Reading data over an internet connection Problem: Data can’t be viewed all at once Solution: Retrieve bytes on demand Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started File-like objects How to design programs Iteration Python concepts & party tricks The csv moduleFile handles A handle points to a location in a byte stream (e.g. the ﬁrst byte of the ﬁle to be read/written). >>> myfile = open(’example.txt’) >>> print myfile.read() >>> myfile.seek(0) >>> print myfile.readlines() >>> myfile.close() Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started File-like objects How to design programs Iteration Python concepts & party tricks The csv moduleFile-like objects Text (ASCII or Unicode) ﬁle on disk Binary ﬁle on disk Standard input, output, error Devices, pretty much everything else on Unix Network connection Memory map (inter-process communication) Any Python object supporting the right methods (e.g. StringIO) Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started File-like objects How to design programs Iteration Python concepts & party tricks The csv moduleFeatures of Python ﬁle objects Modes: infile = open(myfile, ’r’) r, w — read, write b — binary, to keep Windows from clobbering CR/LF bytes U — Unicode Iteration: for line in infile: print line.split() Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started File-like objects How to design programs IterationPython concepts & party tricks The csv module another short Break Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started File-like objects How to design programs Iteration Python concepts & party tricks The csv moduleIteration Iterable objects “know” how they can be looped over. Python has functions that operate on each item in an iterable: “for” loop: for x in iterable : ... zip: for left , right in zip ( iter1 , iter2 ): ... enumerate: for index , x in enumerate( iterable ): ... List comprehension: [x ∗ x for x in range(20) if x % 2 == 0] Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started File-like objects How to design programs Iteration Python concepts & party tricks The csv moduleExample: Counting words in a file Count the words in a file, and print a table sorted by word frequency. Let’s expand the wordcount function into a complete script. Separate algorithms from interfaces Don’t do any I/O inside wordcount. Independent output formatting Use a separate function to print the dictionary wordcount produces. Flexible file input Take a file name as a program argument, or read from standard input. Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started File-like objects How to design programs Iteration Python concepts & party tricks The csv moduleEnhancing wordcount 1 Read from an open ﬁle handle, not a string Don’t worry about opening or closing it here: def count words(infile): ... Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started File-like objects How to design programs Iteration Python concepts & party tricks The csv moduleEnhancing wordcount 1 Read from an open ﬁle handle, not a string Don’t worry about opening or closing it here: def count words(infile): ... 2 Remove punctuation, ignore case when counting words str.strip and str.lower will work — but could make ’’ Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started File-like objects How to design programs Iteration Python concepts & party tricks The csv moduleEnhancing wordcount 1 Read from an open ﬁle handle, not a string Don’t worry about opening or closing it here: def count words(infile): ... 2 Remove punctuation, ignore case when counting words str.strip and str.lower will work — but could make ’’ 3 Save a line of code with collections.defaultdict Write what we want more directly: >>> counts = collections.defaultdict(int) >>> counts[’new’] 0 Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started File-like objects How to design programs Iteration Python concepts & party tricks The csv moduleimport c o l l e c t i o n sdef c o u n t w o r d s ( i n f i l e ) : ””” Count o c c u r r e n c e s o f e a c h word i n i n f i l e . I n p u t : F i l e h a n d l e open f o r r e a d i n g Output : d i c t o f { s t r i n g : i n t e g e r } Example : ( i n f i l e c o n t a i n s ” y e s no y e s no maybe ” ) >>> c o u n t w o r d s ( i n f i l e ) { ’ maybe ’ : 1 , ’ y e s ’ : 2 , ’ no ’ : 2} ””” w counts = c o l l e c t i o n s . d e f a u l t d i c t ( i n t ) for l i n e in i n f i l e : f o r word i n l i n e . s p l i t ( ) : # I g n o r e c a s e and a d j a c e n t p u n c t u a t i o n word = word . s t r i p ( ’ ,.;:?! -()" ’ ’ ) . l o w e r ( ) w c o u n t s [ word ] += 1 return w counts Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started File-like objects How to design programs Iteration Python concepts & party tricks The csv moduleOutput formatting Given the dictionary produced by count words . . . 1 Sort entries by counts, in descending order Use the key argument to select values for comparison: >>> pairs = [(’one’,1), (’three’,3), (’two’,2)] >>> select second = lambda x: x[1] >>> pairs.sort(key=select second); print pairs [(’one’, 1), (’two’, 2), (’three’, 3)] Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started File-like objects How to design programs Iteration Python concepts & party tricks The csv moduleOutput formatting Given the dictionary produced by count words . . . 1 Sort entries by counts, in descending order Use the key argument to select values for comparison: >>> pairs = [(’one’,1), (’three’,3), (’two’,2)] >>> select second = lambda x: x[1] >>> pairs.sort(key=select second); print pairs [(’one’, 1), (’two’, 2), (’three’, 3)] 2 Justify the printed words in a ﬁxed-with column Use the length of the longest word as the column width. >>> words = ’thanks for all the fish’.split()’ >>> max(len(word) for word in words) 6 Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started File-like objects How to design programs Iteration Python concepts & party tricks The csv moduledef p r i n t d i c t i o n a r y ( d c t ) : ””” P r i n t t h e k e y s and v a l u e s i n d c t . S o r t s i t e m s by d e c r e a s i n g v a l u e ; l i n e s up c o l u m n s . I n p u t : d i c t w i t h s t r i n g k e y s and any−t y p e v a l u e s ””” # Width n e e d e d f o r d i s p l a y i n g t h e k e y column k e y w i d t h = max ( l e n ( k e y ) f o r k e y i n d c t ) k v p a i r s = dct . items () # S o r t by t h e s e c o n d i t e m i n t h e p a i r , d e c r e a s i n g k v p a i r s . s o r t ( k e y=lambda kv : kv [ 1 ] , r e v e r s e=True ) f o r key , v a l u e i n k v p a i r s : # A l i g n both columns a g a i n s t a s t r i p o f t a b s p r i n t k e y . r j u s t ( k e y w i d t h ) , ’t’ , v a l u e Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started File-like objects How to design programs Iteration Python concepts & party tricks The csv moduleFile I/O and scaﬀolding Let’s put it all together. 1 Document usage at the top of the script Several ways to view this: pydoc, help, doc Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started File-like objects How to design programs Iteration Python concepts & party tricks The csv moduleFile I/O and scaﬀolding Let’s put it all together. 1 Document usage at the top of the script Several ways to view this: pydoc, help, doc 2 Check the given program arguments If none: read from standard input If one: open the ﬁle and read it Otherwise: print a helpful error message Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started File-like objects How to design programs Iteration Python concepts & party tricks The csv moduleFile I/O and scaﬀolding Let’s put it all together. 1 Document usage at the top of the script Several ways to view this: pydoc, help, doc 2 Check the given program arguments If none: read from standard input If one: open the ﬁle and read it Otherwise: print a helpful error message 3 Exit with proper Unix return codes Use sys.exit: 0 means OK, otherwise error $ python -c ’import sys; sys.exit(1)’ && echo OK $ python -c ’import sys; sys.exit()’ && echo OK OK Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started File-like objects How to design programs Iteration Python concepts & party tricks The csv module#! / u s r / b i n / env p y t h o n””” Count t h e words i n a t e x t f i l e o r str eam , andp r i n t a t a b l e o f word c o u n t s s o r t e d by f r e q u e n c y .Usage : w o r d c o u n t . py [ f i l e n a m e ]”””import s y simport c o l l e c t i o n sdef c o u n t w o r d s ( i n f i l e ) : ...def p r i n t d i c t i o n a r y ( d c t ) : ... Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started File-like objects How to design programs Iteration Python concepts & party tricks The csv moduleif name == ’__main__ ’ : i f l e n ( s y s . a r g v ) == 1 : # Text s t r e a m i n p u t , e . g . from a p i p e i n f i l e = sys . stdin e l i f l e n ( s y s . a r g v ) == 2 : # Read t e x t from t h e g i v e n f i l e i n f i l e = open ( s y s . a r g v [ 1 ] , ’r’ ) else : # Too many a r g u m e n t s ! P r i n t u s a g e & q u i t sys . exit ( doc ) # Now , do e v e r y t h i n g word counts = count words ( i n f i l e ) p r i n t d i c t i o n a r y ( word counts ) Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started File-like objects How to design programs Iteration Python concepts & party tricks The csv moduleCSV: Comma Separated Values Python can read and write spreadsheet files in CSV format. 3 (It’s handy if you don’t have a database set up.) KEY one three five two 2 6 10 four 4 12 20 six 6 18 30 Let’s convert this to a dictionary-of-dictionaries in Python — the outer dictionary is keyed by the row labels (from the KEY column), and the inner dictionary is the row data, keyed by column label. 3 Conversions seem to be easier in OpenOffice/LibreOffice Calc than in Excel. Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started File-like objects How to design programs Iteration Python concepts & party tricks The csv module# Save t h e p r e v i o u s t a b l e a s ’ m t a b l e . c s v ’# Here , we c o n v e r t i t t o a d i c t −of −d i c t simport c s vi n f i l e = open ( ’mtable .csv ’ )csvreader = csv . DictReader ( i n f i l e )t a b l e = {}fo r rowdata in c s v r e a d e r : k e y = r o w d a t a . pop ( ’KEY ’ ) t a b l e [ key ] = rowdata# P r e t t y −p r i n t t a b l e w i t h n i c e l y a l i g n e d rowsfrom p p r i n t import p p r i n tpprint ( table )# { ’ four ’: { ’ f i v e ’: ’20 ’ , ’ one ’ : ’ 4 ’ , ’ t h r e e ’ : ’ 1 2 ’ } ,# ’ s i x ’: { ’ f i v e ’: ’30 ’ , ’ one ’ : ’ 6 ’ , ’ t h r e e ’ : ’ 1 8 ’ } ,# ’ two ’ : { ’ f i v e ’ : ’ 1 0 ’ , ’ one ’ : ’ 2 ’ , ’ t h r e e ’ : ’ 6 ’ } }p r i n t t a b l e [ ’four ’ ] [ ’five ’ ] # ’20 ’ Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started File-like objects How to design programs IterationPython concepts & party tricks The csv module Thanks ’Preciate it. Gracias Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

Getting started File-like objects How to design programs Iteration Python concepts & party tricks The csv moduleFurther reading The oﬃcial Python tutorial is quite good: http://docs.python.org/tutorial/index.html This is the book I recommend for learning Python: http://learnpythonthehardway.org/ This presentation on Slideshare, and the example script on GitHub: http://www.slideshare.net/etalevich/ python-workshop-1-uga-bioinformatics https://gist.github.com/661869 Eric Talevich Python Workshop 2012

http://etalog.blogspot.com	111
http://www.slideshare.net	8
http://translate.googleusercontent.com	6
http://www.blogger.com	1
https://translate.googleusercontent.com	1
http://etalog.blogspot.ru	1
http://etalog.blogspot.nl	1

Python workshop #1 at UGA

by Eric Talevich on Feb 19, 2010

Accessibility

Categories

Upload Details

Usage Rights

7 Embeds 129

Statistics

Python workshop #1 at UGA Presentation Transcript