OPS Forum Innovative Technologies 02.02.2007

Innovative Technologies in support of Mission Operations: Experiences and Perspectives Alessandro Donati Advanced Mission Concepts and Technologies Office OPS-HSC OPS-G Forum ESOC, 2.2.2007

Outline • Introduction • The Motivation – Future missions and future needs in operations • The Approach – Suitable working methods • The Present – Overview of recent activities and achievements • The Future – Planned projects for the near future • Conclusion 2

• Introduction • The Motivation – Future missions and future needs in operations • The Approach – Suitable working methods • The Present – Overview of recent activities and achievements • The Future – Planned projects for the near future • Conclusion 3

Term of Reference & Objectives • Map innovative operations concepts and associated functions & performance with enabling new technologies • Promote the application of new technologies for ESA core business in spacecraft and ground segment operations • Getting ready for future Missions with efficient, effective and proven operations technologies 4

Looking at the future • Challenging missions – Space Exploration, Rovers, Lunar Base – Formation Flying – Coordinated Earth Sensing 6

Looking at the future • Challenging Requirements : – Onboard autonomous (re)Planning – Onboard Diagnosis & Repair Capability – Onboard autonomous target detection – Onboard Payload Products Management – Radiation Hazard Management & Mitigation – Optimal & Adaptable Resource Management – Advanced monitoring and Decision Support – Multimission Operations Automation & Supervision – Specialists Training & Certification – Launch-delay-tolerant Service Provision – …………… 7

Projects Characteristics • Practical studies on future mission’s technology infusion for advanced operational concepts – Operations concepts & technology assessment – Internal feasibility study – Prototype implementation – Extended operational validation as “shadow” application • Comparison / competition of different approaches and technologies 9

Suitable working methods • From long-term goal derive step-by-step pattern and validate it ! – Automation on ground – Autonomy on ground – On-board automation – On-board autonomy • Operational Environment – Mission Independent Ontology Definition 10

Suitable working methods • Spiral iterative prototyping – Requirements & Priorities updated at each iteration – Frequent deliveries based on time, not on content • Extreme programming – Users part of the development team – Streamlined involvement of the user representative – Pair programming – …………… Delivery effort pair programming Deadline traditional t 11

Project Workflow Real Real Project Case Project Case Prototype Prototype Implementation Implementation Operational Operational Validation Validation Proven Proven Solution Solution 12

Project Workflow Lessons learnt/Feedback Lessons learnt/Feedback from Users/Developers from Users/Developers Future Missions Study Teams Real Real R&D Spin-in Project Case Project Case Universities Industry Flight/Ground Technologies Control Teams Technologies Conferences Project Teams Seminars Prototype Prototype In-house Implementation Implementation Lectures, Operational Training Operational Validation Validation Proven Proven Solution Solution Infrastructure/ Family Missions 13

Some lessons learnt for successful technology infusion • Have a common data gathering interface – MUST allows (remote) multi-mission data acquisition – APSI will be the P&S experimental platform • Listen for needs & avoid forced technology push – Operations community requires new operation concept – Iterative design process with users involvement – Show results and improvements • Plan for an extended validation campaign – Continuous support is required for fine-tuning – Critical phase for accepting the “new” 14

Gyro Diagnostic Tool Raw inputs (from TM data) Note: Different time windows • Transform raw • Transform crisp • Using the fault- • Transform the data into derived inputs into fuzzy detection model fuzzy outputs of variables for sets using (expressed in a set the model into a IDVA diagnostic process me mbership of rules), infer the crisp alarm level Gyroscope outputs • Estimate time functions diagnostic alarm level series Random Drift • ENVISAT Gyro Random Pre- Inference De- Fuzzificat ion Noise processing Engine fuzzification performance evaluation Gyro Mode & diagnostic Knowledge • Based on fuzzy logic base diagnostic engine & past operational experience • Allows early identification of anomalous behaviour • From corrective/ preventive to predictive maintenance Supporting ENVISAT 16 as of Dec. 2002

Mission Utility & Support Tools • Platform and gateway for introducing innovative technologies in operations • Client applications include: – S/C Performance evaluation – Radiation monitoring – Behavioural modelling – Remote monitoring, alarming and diagnosis – Augmented reality S/C status awareness • Currently supporting 7 missions • MUST server in EDDS First deployment 17 Dec. 2003

MEXAR 2 • Mars Express science & housekeeping data dumping scheduling • Based on Constraint Satisfaction Programming • Allows automatic conflict free scheduling scenario generation & optimisation • 50% reduction for daily dump plan preparation & increased science return • RAXEM for TC uplink scheduling under prototyping Supporting Mars Express 18 as of Oct. 2005

Space Environment Information System for OPerations • Space weather events monitoring and spacecraft effects mitigation • Based on data warehousing and data mining techniques • Allows alarming and forecasting of space weather hazards (radiation belt crossing, CME protons interception) • Research institutes can make use of SEISOP for test- bedding their space weather dynamic models Supporting • Operational implementation Integral 19 of SEISOP on its way. as of Sept. 2005

Other Investigations • Virtual Sensor (Artificial Neural Network) • Fault Analysis (Data Mining) • Reaction Wheels Bias Manoeuvre Fuel Consumption Optimisation (Genetic Algorithm) 20

System Level Activities • GSP’s study on Advanced Mission Operations Concepts & Technologies for Future ESA Missions – Mission operations concepts assessment – Roadmap for associated enabling technology for operations – Joint OPS-HSC & OPS-HSA activity • Definition of common Mission Ontology • Reinforce cooperation and synergy within ESA, with NoCs and other agencies (e.g. NASA JPL) • Spin-on: Acquisition of industrial experience on exploiting technology for similar applications in other domains 22

Advanced Planning and Scheduling Initiative • APSI: Plug-in Experimental Platform for Forging and Validating P&S A.I. modules • Multi-user & Multi-mission • Case Studies selection under way • Coordinated with OPS-G MPS Framework activity • Expected quantitatively and qualitatively “better” plans • Reuse of A.I. functional modules in operational MPS Framework 23

Automation of “Clerical” Tasks • Automatic Report Generators – SEISOP, CERTAIN, REST • Digital Logging System – Multi-mission environment, web-based services • End-to-end Communication Link Supervision – Quality of service monitoring – Failure detection and diagnosis 24

Power Consumption of Thermal s/s Modelling • Request: forecast the expected power consumption of Mars Express thermal s/s • Approach: – Based on past orbits observation through Telemetry and ancillary data – Use of Data Mining techniques – Parallel investigation of two Universities + internal • Expected increase of payload activity through relaxation of power allocation margins 25

Operations Anomaly Investigation and Root Cause Analysis • Request: identify and validate a technique to automatically classify recorded anomalies – Root cause identification • Approach: – Case Base Reasoning technique – Complexity increased step by step – Clustering of “similar” anomalies • Automation of anomaly processing • Automated anomaly classification • Decision support system for anomaly resolution 26

Rover Operations • Installation of remote Rover M&C system at ESOC – Acquisition of rover operations expertise – Operational feedback to ESTEC Robotic section • Investigation on technology for autonomy concept – Support prototyping of remote agents for planning, execution and repair 27

ATV RV & Docking Scheduler • Decision Support Tool for: – RV & Docking Scenarios generation – Docking opportunities evaluation – Nominal RV&D timeline generation – Back-up RV&D opportunities selection • Based on Constraint Programming (A.I.) 28

Near Future Missions & Challenges • Increased level of automation and autonomy • Risk assessment and risk mitigation • Increased expectations in science return • Optimisation in resources exploitation 29

Technology Infusion in Operations & Challenges • Validation and Robustness of Implemented Solutions – Use of “shadow” system for extended operational validation, before use – Testing policy • Transfer of functionalities from ground to space – Synergy between spacecraft engineering & operations communities (D/TEC, D/OPS) – Gradual steps from ground to space segment, including on- ground validated automation and autonomy concepts – On-board “standard” SW platform 30

Vision for the future… • Make use of node-based architecture – Satellite(s), Rover(s) and Mission Control(s) are considered functional nodes – Functions are transferred btw. nodes as needed • mission phases, • contingencies, • information availability, goals… – Enabled by agent technology 31

Vision for the future… • Plan for A.I. Technology Demonstration Mission – To validate advanced operations concepts • Autonomous planning & scheduling • Autonomous exec monitoring & diagnosis • Supervision based operations – To facilitate A.I. infusion in support of mission operations tasks • Increase Inter-Agencies Synergy – on A.I. prototyping and exploitation experiences 32

Innovative Technologies in support of Mission Operations: Experiences and Perspectives Conclusion • Infusion of technology is beneficial for mission operations • Future missions will require further level of automation and autonomy • For mitigating risks a step-by-step validation process is required • Mission Operations requires additional funding from ESA R&D programmes 33

Thank you for your attention ! Time for questions… Technology Infusion for Mission Operations of Future Missions Validated on Current Flying Missions 34

OPS Forum Innovative Technologies 02.02.2007

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