OPS Forum Exomars 04.04.2008

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    OPS Forum Exomars 04.04.2008 - Presentation Transcript

    1. ExoMars Europe’s Exobiology Lab on Mars The Most Ambitious ESA Mission Ever Michael Khan OPS-GFA Mission Analysis Section Friday, April 4, 2008 OPS-G-Forum 1 ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008
    2. Mars – Our Neighbour Planet ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 2
    3. The History Spirit und Opportunity of Water on Mars ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 3
    4. The History of Water on Mars ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 4
    5. Previous Mars Missions: Viking • The first really successful Mars mission • Two orbiters, two landers • Arrival 1976, last data received: 1982 • Launch mass 2325 kg each, lander mass 576 kg each • Viking 1 lander: Chryse, Viking 2 lander: Utopia Source: NASA ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 5
    6. Viking Landing Sites: Utopia und Chryse Spirit und Opportunity ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 6
    7. Source: NASA ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 7
    8. Viking 2-Landestelle Source: NASA ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 8
    9. ESA’s First MarsSpirit und Opportunity Orbiter: Mars Express ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 Source: ESA 9
    10. MEX-HRSC: Ice Crater in Far North Source: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 10
    11. MEX-HRSC: Reull Vallis ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 Source: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin 11
    12. MEX-HRSC: Presumed Elysium Pack Ice Source: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin 12 ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008
    13. MEX-HRSC: Hourglass Crater Source: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin 13 ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008
    14. MEX-HRSC: Eos Vallis Source: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin 14 ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008
    15. Spirit und Opportunity MEX-PSF: Water Vapour, Methane (and Formaldehyde) ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 15
    16. Surface and Subsurface Composition ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 Source: ESA 16
    17. MEX-Omega: Phyllosilicate Deposits Source: ESA/IAS 17 ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008
    18. MER: Spirit and Opportunity ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 Source: NASA/JPL 18
    19. Die Entdeckungen derOpportunity Spirit und Rover ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 19 Source: NASA/JPL
    20. Spirit und Opportunity ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 Source: NASA/JPL 20
    21. NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 Source: NASA/JPL 21
    22. Landing in May 2008: Phoenix (NASA) Source: NASA/JPL ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 22
    23. MSL - Coming Soon to a Planet near Yours! Source: NASA/JPL 23 ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008
    24. Mars Science Laboratory Source: NASA/JPL 24 ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008
    25. Where Do We Stand? • Evidence that Mars surface was extensively covered by water over long periods • Evidence of sedimentary surface deposits • Extensive ice deposits on and below the surface • Subsurface liquid water not yet found • Local concentrations of methane and its decay products coincide with water vapour in atmosphere ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 25
    26. ExoMars Mission Objectives • Demonstration of European capabilities to target, safely land and operate a spacecraft on the Martian surface • Search for traces of extant or fossil life on and below the Martian surface by means of a mobile laboratory • Characterize the geochemical conditions, especially regarding subsurface water • Improve understanding of Mars environment in preparation of future missions ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 26
    27. Environmental Challenges • Cold • Thin atmosphere • Dust storms • Radiation ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 27
    28. A Global Dust Storm ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 28
    29. The 2001 Event ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 29
    30. The 2007 Event ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 30
    31. Global Dust Storm Season Exclusion zone assumed for ExoMars ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 31
    32. Technical Challenges • Precise targeting • Semi-soft landing • Use of vented airbags – a first on Mars • Significant rover autonomy • Deep drill • Extensive science program ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 32
    33. Possible Target Site: Mawrth Vallis (25N, 20E) ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 Source: Google Mars 33
    34. Possible Target Site: Meridiani Terra (5S, 0E) ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 Source: Google Mars 34
    35. Possible Target Site: Jezero Crater (19N, 78E) ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 Source: Google Mars 35
    36. ExoMars Mission Outline Nov./Dec. 2013 Launch with Ariane 5 10 Month Wait in Mars Orbit September 2015 Landing on Mars! Mars Transfer Large Deep Space October 2014 Manoeuvre Mars Orbit Insertion ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 36
    37. 2013 Transfer: Baseline ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 37
    38. 2016 Transfer: Backup ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 38
    39. Mars Orbit Phase • Wait in eccentric orbit (500 x 96,000 km) until: – Global dust storms season is over – Superior conjunction is over – Late spring in northern hemisphere, atmosphere warms up • Total waiting time around 10 months • Eclipse avoidance necessary ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 39
    40. Deployment and Landing! • Landing site selected prior to Mars arrival • Landing shall take place – In morning, with sufficient sunlight – With the Earth sufficiently high over the horizon • Descent module entry, descent and landing with parachute, rocket stage and vented airbag • Rover egresses from landing stages • 180-sol rover mission begins • Humboldt payload is deployed ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 40
    41. Descent and Landing Timeline ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 41
    42. Rover Egress ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 42
    43. Spacecraft Layout • The mission comprises several spacecraft – Carrier module – Descent module – Rover (with “Pasteur” payload) – Geophysical and environmental science package “Humboldt”, deployed from the lander ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 43
    44. Carrier and Descent Module ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 Source: Thales Alenia Space 44
    45. Lander Module in Touchdown Configuration ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 Source: Thales Alenia Space 45
    46. Touchdown using a Vented Airbag Source: Thales Alenia Space Italia / Aerosekur ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 46
    47. Touchdown using a Vented Airbag ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 Source: Thales Alenia Space/Aerosekur 47
    48. Lander Module Pre-Touchdown ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 Source: Thales Alenia Space 48
    49. The ExoMars Rover ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 Source: Thales Alenia Space 49
    50. Some Rover Requirements • Mass around 200 kg • Autonomous mobility: average 100 m/sol • Drill capability: 2 meters • Minimum surface mission: 180 sols ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 50
    51. ExoMars: Scientific Instruments • Rover Instruments: – Panoramic: Cameras, Radar, IR Mapper – Contact: Raman-LIBS External, Close-up Imager, Mössbauer, IR Spectrometer – Analytical: Raman-LIBS Internal, Microscope, XRD, MOMA, Urey • Humboldt Instruments: – Geophysics and Environment: Seismometer, electric properties, meteorology, ground- penetrating radar, physical properties, radiation, radio science, dust, humidity, UV, magnetometer ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 51
    52. The ExoMars Rover ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 Source: Thales Alenia Space 52
    53. ExoMars Rover Components: Drill ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 Source: Thales Alenia Space 53
    54. ExoMars Rover Components: Mast ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 Source: Thales Alenia Space 54
    55. ExoMars Rover Components: Arm ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 Source: Thales Alenia Space 55
    56. Analytical Experiment Package ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 Source: Thales Alenia Space 56
    57. Finding Life … How? ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 57
    58. ExoMars Measurement Cycle ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 Source: Thales Alenia Space 58
    59. ExoMars Timeline Overview MOI ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 59
    60. Blues for a Blue Planet Spirit und Opportunity ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 Source: NASA/JPL 60
    61. Go ExoMars! mars.esa.int www.esa.int/aurora Michael.Khan@esa.int ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008 61
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