Glaciers to Global Climate Change: Minnesota's Past, Present, and Future Forests

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    From Glaciers to Global Warming: Minnesota's Past, Present, and Future Forests Prepared by Eli Sagor, University of Minnesota Extension Service. [email_address]

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    Glaciers to Global Climate Change: Minnesota's Past, Present, and Future Forests - Presentation Transcript

    1. From Glaciers to Global Climate Change: Minnesota’s Past, Present, and Future Forests Eli Sagor [email_address] (612) 624-6948 Updated October 2007
    2. Introductions [instructor names] You (name, where you live, why you’re here)
    3. Housekeeping Please turn off your cell phone as a courtesy (or at least set to vibrate) Restrooms Breaks & refreshments
      • Minnesota’s forests are resilient.
      • Today’s threats are different.
      • Future forests?
    4. What we’ll cover
      • Forest development up to 19 th c.
      • Forest change since 19 th c.
      • Current threats
      • Climate change
      • What you can do
    5. Glacial history
      • Four major glaciation periods
      • Wisconsin glaciation
      • 75,000 - 10,000 years ago
        • Covered almost all of Minnesota
    6. ©University of Minnesota Press: J. Tester, 1995. Fig. 1.9
      • A train stuck in snow in southern Minnesota
      • March 29, 1881
      Source: Wikimedia Commons
    7. Post-glacial landscape
      • Barren, cold, rocky landscape
      • Glacial till: unsorted sand and rock
      • Little life present
    8. Soils
      • Soil formation factors:
        • Climate (freezing, heat, precipitation)
        • Organic matter inputs
        • Chemical weathering
    9. © University of Minnesota Press: J. Tester, 1995. Fig. 1.6
    10. Minnesota’s 4 biomes Laurentian Mixed Forest Aspen Parklands Prairie Parklands Eastern Broadleaf Forest
    11. Laurentian mixed forest Laurentian Mixed Forest Aspen Parklands Prairie Parklands Eastern Broadleaf Forest
    12. Eastern broadleaf forest Laurentian Mixed Forest Aspen Parklands Prairie Parklands Eastern Broadleaf Forest
    13. Human impacts since 19 th c.
      • American Indian:
      • Burning
      • Dispersed settlement
    14. 1805 1832 American Indian lands by treaty
    15. Human impacts
      • European American, 19 th c. - present
      • PLSS and land conveyance: colonization
      • Timber harvest: 1850s – 1920s
      • Fires, then fire suppression
      • Regrowth and sustainable management
    16.  
    17. Timber harvest, 19 th c. Minnesota Historical Society photo
    18. Minnesota Historical Society photos
    19. Minnesota Historical Society photo
    20.  
    21. Minnesota forests are resilient
    22. But… Different
      • Different species composition
      • Invaders
      • Smaller patches, more edge
      • *Climate change
    23. Invasive Species Asian Carp Zebra Mussels Earthworms Emerald Ash Borer Garlic Mustard Gypsy moth
    24.  
    25.  
    26.  
    27.  
    28. Source: www.usgs.gov -European ^
    29. Source: www.usgs.gov
    30. But… Different
      • Different species composition
      • Invaders
      • Smaller patches, more edge
      • *Climate change
    31.  
    32.  
    33.  
    34.  
    35.  
    36.  
    37. Climate impacts in Minnesota
      • © BBC News Guide to Climate Change
    38. Looking to the future
      • Predicted 3.8 – 5.8 °C increase
      Since end of last ice age: ~8 °C increase
    39. Range shifts: Red oak Source: USFS Climate Change Atlas for Northeast US Tree Species
    40. Range shifts: Red oak FIA current 100-yr prediction (average of 5 models) Source: USFS Climate Change Atlas for Northeast US Tree Species
    41. Range shifts: White pine FIA current 100-yr prediction (average of 5 models) Source: USFS Climate Change Atlas for Northeast US Tree Species
    42. Range shifts: Trembling aspen FIA current 100-yr prediction (average of 5 models) Source: USFS Climate Change Atlas for Northeast US Tree Species
    43. Range shifts: forest types FIA current 100-yr prediction (average of 5 models) Source: USFS Climate Change Atlas for Northeast US Tree Species
    44. Bottom line:
      • Major changes
      • Exact, fine-scale changes unknown, but trends are clear.
    45. Specific change impacts
      • LIKELY: Longer, more severe droughts...
    46. Specific change impacts
      • LIKELY: Longer, more severe droughts...
      … and more frequent severe storm events Photo by Minnesota DNR Source: www.forestryimages.org
    47. Specific change impacts
      • LIKELY: Longer, more severe droughts...
      Gradual decline in vigor and resilience of native stands … and more frequent severe storm events
    48. Specific change impacts
      • Gradual decline in vigor and resilience of native stands
      Lots of new growing space not well suited to current species Photo by Joseph O’Brien, USDA Forest Service Source: www.forestryimages.org
    49. Specific change impacts
      • Lots of new growing space not well suited to current species
      More invasive species
    50. Laurentian Mixed Forest Aspen Parklands Prairie Parklands Eastern Broadleaf Forest Greatest change near the border
    51. What you can do
      • Make and support responsible choices
      • Grow (and harvest) more wood
      • Maintain vigor and diversity
      • Consider land protection options
    52.  
    53. What you can do
      • Make and support responsible choices
      • Grow (and harvest) more wood
      • Maintain vigor and diversity
      • Consider land protection options
    54. For more information: Eli Sagor (612) 624-6948 [email_address]
    55.  

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