Minnesota Forestry 101

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    Minnesota Forestry 101 - Presentation Transcript

    1. Forestry 101 Eli Sagor [email_address] (612) 624-6948 MCC mid-year retreat, July 2006
    2. Outline
      • About forestry
      • Forest types
      • Silvicultural systems
      • Combinations
      • Q&A
    3. About forestry
    4. Outline
      • About forestry
      • Forest types
      • Silvicultural systems
      • Combinations
      • Q&A
    5. Sound forestry is…
      • … production of a renewable resource
      • … a $7 billion industry in Minnesota
      • … beneficial to wildlife and water
      • … conducted by professional foresters and loggers
    6. Sound forestry is…
      • … not necessarily timber-focused
      • … a responsible way to make money from the land
      • … a way to keep forest land forested
      • … a way to restore lost habitat elements
    7.  
    8.  
    9.  
    10. Sound forestry is NOT…
      • … clearing land to build shopping malls
      • … a “cut & run” extractive industry
    11. Some important concepts
    12. Kraft Crown Classification
      • Dominant
        • crowns extending above main canopy
        • receiving direct sunlight from above and from sides
      • Codominant
        • crowns at general level of crown cover
        • receiving direct sunlight from above but little from the sides
    13. Kraft Crown Classification
      • Intermediate
        • shorter but with crowns extending into the main canopy
        • receiving direct sunlight from above but not from the sides
      • Suppressed
        • crowns entirely below the main canopy
        • receiving no direct light from above or from the sides
    14.  
    15. Shade Tolerance
      • A tree species’ ability to grow and thrive under low light conditions.
      • Some trees need full sun, others can grow under a dense canopy.
    16. Outline
      • About forestry
      • Forest types
      • Silvicultural systems
      • Combinations
      • Q&A
    17. Source: J. Tester, 1995. Fig. 1.6
    18. Minnesota’s 3 biomes
      • Northeast: Coniferous
      • Central: Deciduous
      • Southeast: Prairie
      Source: MN DNR
    19. Source: J. Tester, 1995. Fig. 1.22
    20. Common Forest types Photo by Firth Photo-Bank, Mpls, from Tester 1995
    21. Aspen-birch
      • Early successional
      • Generalist
      • Short-lived
      • Excellent seed dispersal
    22. Aspen-birch
      • Natural disturbance that maintains this type: severe fire or extensive windthrow
      • Transition to white-red pine or fir-spruce, depending on site
    23. White & red pine
      • Mid-successional
      • Red, white, jack pine and birch
      • Sticks around on drier, more fire prone sites
      • Long-lived
    24. White & red pine
      • Natural disturbance that maintains this type: Severe fire / extensive windthrow
    25. Black spruce
      • Found on wet, low areas
      • Not much competition…
      • Dominant boreal forest type
    26. Fir-spruce
      • Late successional type
      • Balsam fir, white spruce, birch, black spruce
      • Can exist on many soil types but not driest
      Photo: UGA online photo library
    27. Fir-spruce
      • Natural disturbance that maintains this type: small or larger gaps from windthrow, insects, or tree death
    28. Oaks
      • Mid-successional type
      • Fire dependent
      • Likes drier, fire-prone sites
      • Heavy seeds, seedlings and stump sprouts
    29. Oaks
      • Natural disturbance that maintains this forest type: Fire
    30. Northern Hardwoods
      • Late successional
      • Yellow birch, red oak, maples, white pine, fir
      • Rich, moist northern MN sites (cold)
      • Long-lived type
    31. Northern Hardwoods
      • Natural disturbance that maintains this forest type: small gaps, windthrow
    32. Maple-Basswood
      • Climax type
      • Moist, rich sites
      • Doesn’t like disturbance
      • Relatively heavy seeds, stump sprouts
      • Likes low-intensity (gap) disturbance
    33. Maple-Basswood
      • Natural disturbance that maintains this forest type: small gaps from windthrow or tree death
      • Small gap disturbance every 40-150 yrs
      • Catastrophic disturbance 400-1000 yrs
      MN DNR
    34. Outline
      • About forestry
      • Forest types
      • Silvicultural systems
      • Combinations
      • Q&A
    35. Silviculture
      • The art and science of controlling the establishment, growth, composition, and health of forests and woodlands to meet the landowner’s objectives.
      • (Modified from J. Helms 1998)
    36. The toolbox
      • Clearcut harvesting
      • “ Selective” or partial harvesting
      • Prescribed burning:
        • to control understory competition
        • to prepare a cleared site for planting
        • to favor natural regeneration of desired species
        • to reduce fuel loads
      • Planting of desired species and/or genetically improved stock
      • Protecting stands from damage from wildlife (deer!)
      • Thinning at various times in the rotation
      • Pruning:
        • to improve log quality
        • to reduce disease effects
      • Spraying herbicides or pesticides
      • Cutting to reduce insect threats
      • Salvage cutting
      • Fire suppression
      • And more…
    37. Forest management systems
      • Clearcutting
      • Selection
        • Group selection
        • Single-tree selection
      • Intermediate treatments
    38. Clearcutting
      • Clear all vegetation
      • Prepare the site
      • Plant trees (generally)
      • Spray herbicide to control competition
      • Thin (generally)
      • Clearcut, and start over
    39. (Wisconsin DNR image)
    40. (Ontario Extension image)
    41.  
    42.  
    43. Shelterwood Method
      • Start with a mature stand
      • Partial harvest
        • New seedlings are established
      • Remove canopy, “release the advance regeneration”
    44. Shelterwood: mature hardwood stand before any treatment (Wisconsin DNR image)
    45. Shelterwood: After first cut (Wisconsin DNR image)
    46. Shelterwood: After first cut, 5 years later (Wisconsin DNR image)
    47. Shelterwood: After overstory removal (Wisconsin DNR image)
    48. (Ontario Extension image)
    49.  
    50.  
    51. Selection System
      • Start with mature stand
      • Remove single trees or groups
      • Repeat as needed
    52. Group Selection
      • Start with a mature stand
      • Remove small groups of trees to create patches of regeneration
      • Repeat periodically in different areas
    53. Source: UGA Forestry Photo Gallery
    54. Source: UGA Forestry Photo Gallery
    55. Single tree selection: Before (Wisconsin DNR image)
    56. Single tree selection: After (Wisconsin DNR image)
    57. (Ontario Extension image)
    58. Thinnings
      • Improve the future growth of existing trees
      • Row or selection thinnings
      • Timber stand improvement
    59.  
    60.  
    61. Outline
      • About forestry
      • Forest types
      • Silvicultural systems
      • Combinations
      • Q&A
    62. Forest Management 101
      • Favor the right species for the site
      • Know and mimic natural disturbance regimes
    63. Source : Tom McEvoy, 2000. Introduction to Forest Ecology and Silviculture . Second Edition. Copyright Natural Resource, Agriculture, and Engineering Service (NRAES).
    64. Aspen-birch
      • Early successional
      • Generalist
      • Short-lived
      • Excellent seed dispersal
    65. White & red pine
      • Mid-successional
      • Red, white, jack pine and birch
      • Sticks around on drier, more fire prone sites
      • Long-lived
    66. Fir-spruce
      • Late successional type
      • Balsam fir, white spruce, birch, black spruce
      • Can exist on many soil types but not driest
      Photo: UGA online photo library
    67. Oaks
      • Mid-successional type
      • Fire dependent
      • Likes drier, fire-prone sites
      • Heavy seeds, seedlings and stump sprouts
    68. Northern Hardwoods
      • Late successional
      • Yellow birch, red oak, maples, white pine, fir
      • Rich, moist northern MN sites (cold)
      • Long-lived type
    69. Maple-Basswood
      • Climax type
      • Moist, rich sites
      • Doesn’t like disturbance
      • Relatively heavy seeds, stump sprouts
      • Likes low-intensity (gap) disturbance
    70. [email_address]

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