GULF OF MAINE--GEOGRAPHICAL & HISTORICAL NAMEWhat exactly is apparently the very first reference to ...

1. Fishing Grounds of the Gulf 1 02
GULF OF MAINE--GEOGRAPHICAL & HISTORICAL NAME
What exactly is apparently the very first reference to this body of water shows up on some aged
Icelandic graphs that demonstrate, approximately, Cape Cod Bay in their southern areas as well as
the Bay of Fundy in the north. On these charts the cape itself was demonstrated on the "Promontory
of Vinland" and was because of the name Kialarnes, or the Ship's Nasal area, from the resemblance
in form towards the high upturned prow of the old Norse vessels. Towards the whole part of the gulf
was because of the title Vinland's Haf.
Oviedo (Historia General de las Indias) sometimes names this gulf the Arcipelago de Los angeles
Tramontana, or the Arcipelago Septentrional--the north archipelago. He provides us to understand
thathe and himself, or Chaves, had this information from the Survey and Report of Gomez, who,
within his search for a northwest passageway to Asia in 1525, "discovered each one of these coasts
lying down between 41? and 41? 30' northern". In fact, his cautious explorations definitely covered
all of the territory between 40 and 45 degrees.
The Spanish language navigators who implemented Gomez, in describing these coasts, when
implying this gulf, generally named it in respect of Gomez, the very first of their nation to make a
cautious study of their shores. As a result it became referred to as Arcipelago de Estevan Gomez,
and the mainland behind it as Los angeles Tierra de Gomez. It was so named around the map of
Ribero in 1529 who thus acknowledged the origin of his details.
The Biscayans implemented Gomez but later on provided way to the French anglers, who followed
down the chain of banks stretching southward from your Grand Bank and entered these seas by way
of Cape Sable. These provided into it the title Gulf of Norumbega or Sea of Norumbega. The title
Norumbega was for a time applied to the coast lands and also to the inland country stretching away
indefinitely westward and northwestward from the waters from the gulf.
Later, with the coming of the English and the establishment of their colony in Massachusetts, the
title Massachusetts Bay came into general use, although this name was afterwards restricted to the
smaller section of the gulf at present so termed.
The charter of Gorges (in Apr, 1639) designated the territory deeded to him as the Region or Area of
Maine,[4] whence, perhaps, the current custom of talking about these waters because the Gulf of
Maine may have arisen. This newest title appears especially suitable, because of the truth that the
present State of Maine lying down directly opposite its entrance capes, stretches across the inner
edges from the gulf and with its deeply indented shore collection occupies by far the best section of
its coasts. Thus the title has lastly come into general use and acceptance nowadays. Evidently it was
first officially proposed and used by the Edinburgh Encyclopedia in 1832 [5] and then was adopted
by the United States Coast Study.
[Footnote 4: "All of that purport, parte and porcion from the Mayne Land of New Britain, we doe
title, appoynt and ordeyne will forever hereafter bee named and called The Province and Countie of
Mayne."]
[Footnote 5: Edinburgh Encyclopedia, Philadelphia edition, by Thomas Parker, Vol. XVIII, p. 263.]

2. DESCRIPTION
A very striking and peculiar entire body water is this Gulf of Maine, markedly various in character
from any other from the bays on the coastline line of the eastern U . S .. Particularly will it differ in
the depth of its coastal waters, where in all the others, except the much smaller New York City Bay,
the shoal water is found extending significantly right out of the property.
In the Gulf of Maine, however, with the solitary exception from the locality of Ammens Rock on the
eastern part of Cashes Bank, the whole main region provides navigable strong water having a mean
depth of 100 fathoms, from which rise the various under water plateaus, whose depths typical about
50 fathoms and which constitute the larger of the minn kota edge grounds. Along with these,
numerous smaller sized banks and "fishing spots" are found nearer the property in which they lie a
across the 50-fathom curve.
In many instances it approaches much neared to the mainland, although in general this curve lies at
a distance of about 16 miles from the coast line. Out of this 50-fathom depth the soundings reduce
really steadily towards the 20 and 10 fathom marks.
These latter soundings tend to be held significantly in towards the coastline collection, even
transporting the strong water well in to the stream mouths, to ensure that in seriously indented
hays, in long inlets running far into property, in the river mouths, the deep water right behind the
difficult headlands, or perhaps in the lee from the thousands of browse-washed isles that collection
the coastline, are found innumerable safe anchorages inside easy run of the minn kota edge reasons,
in which the fleets may take protection from the unexpected blow or wait for the appearance of a
"fish time," when problems may permit "making a set" under the struggles of winter season fishing.
If the sea attributes of this area are radically different from the ones from other seaside bodies from
the eastern United so, States and too the shore property, battered as it really has been by storm and
sea or worn by glacial action or Arctic currents, is not any less outstanding.
Hardly any other portion of the eastern United States features a similar coast, so serrated, indented,
and rugged, as has this shore type of the Gulf of Maine. Right here the battering by the forces of
mother nature has resulted in making thousands of secure havens and harbors for your navigator.
All along shoreline are strewn countless islands, a feature feature of the area and something
observed with wonder by every early explorer. If near the land, are beautiful and smiling; if in the
open sea, of rugged grandeur; and mainland and island alike are inhabited by a hardy and numerous
race of fisher folk, [6] These islands.
The tides within the Gulf of Maine have a very excellent rise and fall compared with other waters in
this area. Beginning at once at the north of Cape Cod with a rise of from 7 to 10 feet these increase
quite constantly as they go eastward reaching about 28 feet in the neighborhood of Passamaquoddy
Bay, to touch their highest point in the Bay of Fundy, where in many places is a rise and fall of 50
feet, and in some few places tides of 70 feet are reported, although at the south of Cape Cod tides
are seldom over 4 feet in their range. These Fundy tides probably would be the best on the planet.
This excellent flow and ebb water serves to aid shipbuilding and the starting of vessels as well as to
carry the strong drinking water far up in to the inlets from the coastline and into the mouths from
the estuaries and rivers, creating these navigable for crafts of substantial dimension well into the
property or up to the lowest falls from the channels.
The weather right here is just one of extreme conditions, and, lying down because it does among 42?

3. and 45? northern latitude, the location might be said to be chilly. Evidently the waters of the Gulf of
Maine usually are not impacted by any stray current from the Gulf Flow, which goes by in a
considerable range from its mouth area, therefore doing little to temper the chilly of this region
either on property or at ocean. Whether these waters are cooled further by any flow from the
Labrador Present may be questioned.
The winter seasons are lengthy, generally bringing heavy snowfalls; and strong gales are regular
throughout a lot of the fall and winter season. Perhaps the most hazardous of those "blows" emerge
from the mountain peak towards the north and northwest from the gulf. Therefore, as well as the
doubt of a chance to set up gear when once on the fishing grounds, the wintertime minn kota edge
here is not without its element of significant threat. While the ice crop in northern New England
never fails, yet, perhaps because of the strong tidal currents of these waters, the principal harbors
rarely are closed by ice, or, if closed, for but a few days only.
While the summers are fairly mild as well as in certain parts of them even extremely hot, fogs are
heavy and virtually continuous throughout the "dog days" (July 20 to Sept 1). when southerly and
southern-westerly breezes deliver the nice and cozy damp air from your Gulf Stream into the colder
currents from the property. The fogs of Fundy are specifically noted, even in these waters. During
the summer time seasons wind from the eastern and north deliver the only real clear weather
conditions experienced in the outer sequence of fishing reasons.
The primary body from the gulf lies roughly between 42? and 45? northern latitude. It really is in
type like a deep dish whose external edge is made by Georges Bank and Browns Bank, with a slim,
strong-water spillway among: its region is fifty percent encircled in the hands from the mainland,
two conspicuous headlands reaching bodily seaward to mark its broad entrance at the opposite
edges--Cape Cod, Mass. [7] around the traditional western side, and Cape Sable, [8] Nova Scotia, on
the eastern flank, distant from each other about 230 miles. Both of these capes array with one
another about ENE. and WSW, thus matching as well the general pattern of the coastline collection,
of the tropical island chains as well as the offshore ledges in this particular area.
From a foundation line connecting these outposts from the gulf the space to the Maine coast
opposite averages about 120 miles. From Cape Sable, at its eastern end, the coast developments for
some distance to the northwest, whence a continuation of the course strikes the coastline of Maine
close to Western Quoddy Head far away of quite a lot more than 110 miles. From Western Quoddy
head to Cape Elizabeth (inside a immediate collection about 160 kilometers) the coast, in general
tough, difficult, along with numerous lofty headlands is incredibly unusual and deeply indented and
follows an over-all span of WSW. Thence, the coastline, lower and becoming more and more sandy,
starts to pattern more decidedly southern-west till it reaches Boston, when it transforms towards the
southeast, and also to the eastern toward Cape Cod.
But this is simply not the entire tale. There stay outside these mentioned limits the Bay of Fundy in
the northern, having a feasible section of 3,000 square kilometers; and also at the south Cape Cod
Bay, in whose area, with this of the waters western of a perpendicular drawn from the traditional
western end from the foundation collection that strikes the property within the locality of
Portsmouth, N. H. makes an extra area containing near to 1,500 square miles. Inside the limitations
thus inclosed there are, 30 and roughly000 square kilometers of most effective floor most intensively
fished through all of the year.
The Bay of Fundy is split at its head by Cape Chignecto, creating two branches to north and to
eastern--Chignecto Bay and Minas Basin. With these smaller areas, lying as they do entirely within
the territorial limits of Canada, American fishermen have little to do, although both are valuable and

4. productive minn kota edge grounds.
[Footnote 6: William Strachey (1609), talking particularly of Casco Bay, but the words similarly
relevant to almost any stretch out from the Maine coast, states "A very excellent bay in which there
lyeth soe numerous isles and soe heavy and neere together, that can barely be discerned the
number, but might any ship pause betwixt, the best a part of them having rarely lesse drinking water
than eight or ten fathoms on them"--Background of Travalle into Virginia Britannica.]
[Footnote 7: This, the most striking cape of the Atlantic coast collection, made a really notable
landmark for all of the earlier sea voyagers nearing it, and all had been significantly astounded by it,
whether or not they came from the south and fought their way via its shoals to eastward, or, from
the north, found them selves caught in the deep wallet which it makes with Cape Cod Bay.
The Spaniard Gomez (1525) gave it the name "Cabo de do Aricifes" cape from the reefs, referring to
the harmful shoals towards the eastward. The Frenchmen Du and Champlain Monts known as it
"Cape Blanc", as well as the Dutch aircraft pilots, also mentioning its soft sand cliffs, known as it
Witte Hoeck. The English mariners at first accepted his last name of White Cape, but the English
Captain Anthony Gosnold, the first to make a direct passage to the waters of the Gulf of Maine from
Europe, although at first he called it "Shoal Hope", soon changed this, because of the success of his
fishing, to "Cape Cod", which title, commonplace though it be, has been the name to endure despite
Prince Charles's attempt to change it to Cape James in honor of his father.]
[Footnote 8: Cape Sable, in the the southern area of end of Nova Scotia, has kept this name from
really aged times. It is so indicated on a Portuguese map of the midst of the sixteenth century.]
BAY OF FUNDY
At the different months of the season the entire Bay of Fundy [9] is really a fishing floor for sardines
and huge herring; and while they are of relatively much less importance in recent years than
formerly, the principal fisheries of the area nevertheless middle round the herring sectors--the
supplying from the canning production facilities using the little herring used as sardines as well as
the getting of large herring for food and bait. The sardine industry of the condition of Maine is
largely concentrated in the district about and including Eastport and Lubec, in which about 30 from
the 59 production facilities and 16 from the 43 operating companies are located; so that, as the
herring catches of recent times have dropped a lot short of their former dimensions, they
nevertheless show imposing numbers.
Previously a lot of the catch was consumed in St. Andrews (Passamaquoddy) Bay and along the north
shore of the Bay of Fundy to Lepreau Point and Bay. Lepreau. Of late years virtually no herring have
been consumed in these waters, where the herring colleges that arrive in October had been
accustomed to remain till springtime. Of past fishing in this area Capt. Sumner Stuart, of Lubec,
says:
"The herring left Saint. Andrews Bay as well as the North Shore about 1885. There is absolutely no
summer netting there now. Those waters and Lepreau Bay were formerly really effective minn kota
edge reasons, it being not uncommon to consider 5,000 (count) big herrings (food fish) in one haul.
These were mainly winter and spring fishing grounds for big herring. The seafood seem to have
disappeared coming from all these grounds at about the same time.[10]
"In previous years (25 to thirty years back) small herring had been driven ashore in these amounts
by their enemies--squid, sterling silver hake and dogfish--that it occasionally grew to become

5. necessary for the authorities at Saint. John to utilize a snowplow to cover them where they set
rotting on the seaside."
From your statistics of the sardine and smoked-herring business for the calendar year 1924 (a year,
whether it is observed, where the sardine business nearly achieved reduced--degree tag for the
pack) the waters of the Bay of Fundy furnished to American buyers alone a total of herring for
canning and smoking purposes amounting to 76,756,250 lbs highly valued to the anglers at
$957,665. This showing, bad as it is when compared with the numbers of other many years, in no
way represents the herring fishery as an insignificant industry. There still continues to be to be
accounted for the catch of herring of Grand Manan as well as the neighboring Canadian Provinces.
A new supply of income towards the anglers within this business continues to be created in the
purchase of herring scales by firms involved in the creation of artificial pearls. For this specific
purpose there were gathered at Eastport and Lubec 700,000 pounds of herring scales, valued at $a,
; and 39 additional amount was taken at Grand Manan of 140,000 pounds, valued at $7,000. With
other entrants currently within the area, this division from the business offers fair to grow to still
greater importance.
An estimate of the amount of weirs in Saint. Andrews Bay, by Capt. Guilford Mitchell of Eastport,
Me., is as comes after: Canadian: 1921: 126 weirs 1923: 40 weirs Calais to Eastport: 1921: 35 weirs;
1923: 7 weirs Total amount in Canadian, operation and 1923 about 300; United states under 130.
Northern coast and Shore of Nova Scotia. Along the North Shoreline and from Yarmouth to Cape
Sable, spanning a difficult bottom, cod abound. The western shore of Nova Scotia is virtually all
minn kota edge ground for hake, haddock and cod and cusk, but trawling is somewhat handicapped
here by strong tides and rocky bottom, these combining to destroy much gear. Halibut are somewhat
unusual on this western shore except about the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, but in summer these fish
are occasionally found close inshore along the southwest coast, going somewhat beyond Digby to the
northward. Haddocking is quite an essential business off Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, throughout the
winter, the units being of quite short duration and made in the slack from the tide at higher water.
This exercise is created necessary by the heavy tidal currents on these grounds.
The entire traditional western coast of Nova Scotia is herring ground at some period of the season.
In these last few years it has not been important, although the year 1927 had a very good run of
large food fish, although "Drifting" for herring was formerly a considerable industry from Digby to
Briers Island. This traditional western coast can also be an essential fishing area for lobster guys.
Swordfishing in the Bay of Fundy was formerly profitable in September, although these fish were
never so numerous here as upon the outer shore of Nova Scotia.

6. St. Marys Bay is a summer time herring ground. Good haddocking might be experiencedalso and
here, from Apr 15 to October 15, using the time period from the opening from the minn kota edge in
April up to July 15 the very best of it.
The mackerel fishery of the Bay of Fundy appears of comparatively small significance in these
second option many years. The regional anglers state that the seafood are unable to originate the
tides of those waters! The abundance of small herring should be an inducement adequate to bring
them here. Evidently these seafood successfully pass directly inshore northwesterly and reach the
coastline of Maine. A considerable amount of this species is taken by traps and by netting in St.
Marys Bay as well as http://svr86.ehostpros.com/~minnko86/ in the general locality of Yarmouth,
Nova Scotia, as at Cranberry Brain, Burns Stage. Beaver River, Woods Harbor, and at many other
factors between Yarmouth and Cape Sable; but the internal waters of the Bay of Fundy show very
slim catches in comparison with the great quantity taken on the external shores of Nova Scotia in a
normal mackerel period. It really has been 32 years, it is stated, because a variety of mackerel have
been "connected" in Saint. Mary's Bay.
Lurcher Shoal. This is situated WSW, from Cape St, Mary 19 miles and WNW, from Cape Fourchu,
faraway 13 kilometers, it is an irregularly formed piece of base, a difficult ground, about 5
kilometers lengthy, south and north, by 3 miles broad, There are a variety of "nubbles" developing
to5 and 7, and 9 fathom depths--having a spot reported as getting only 12 ft water over it--
increasing from your average depths more than the remainder of the shoal of from 13 to 15 fathoms.
More than this typically difficult base are spread patches of gravel as well as seashells, Depths about
the shoal are from 30 to 50 fathoms spanning a base consisting mostly of stones, Tide rips are
extremely weighty right here, The months and varieties found here are as on Trinity: cod, pollock
and haddock and herring, it is a good lobster floor.
Trinity Shoal. This shoal, 14 miles N. by W. from Cape Fourchu and 7? kilometers SW. from Cape St
Mary, having a difficult bottom on it and over an indefinite region about it, is probably 3 miles long,
NE and SW, by some 2 miles broad. Near the center is a rock, uncovered at low water, but over the
greater part of the shoal there are depths of from 6 to 10 fathoms, with an average of from 12 to 16
fathoms over the sandy and stony ground about it. There is a powerful tide rip here around the
northeastern and eastern part referred to as Flood Tide Eddy, where is great minn kota edge
manually collection for pollock in September and October. haddock and Cod are taken here in small
amounts by trawling. It is a herring ground also, and there is a lobster floor around the shoal and all

7. about it.
A cod ground extends offshore SW from Briers Tropical island, beginning about 5 kilometers right
out of the island and extending to around 18 kilometers from the property. Its size is about 4 miles.
Depths over this region come from 40 to 60 fathoms over a hard, shelly bottom. Cod are used within
from 30 to 44 fathoms around the shoal take a look ground running from 5 miles from Gull Rock and
roll and the Southern-Western Ledges down to the Lurcher Shoal, a range of approximately 22
kilometers. Between these points minn kota edge is performed mostly manually-coating "in a drift."
Cod are taken over the ledges in 5 fathoms of water and thence to 60 fathoms about them from
August to Nov. Pollock are used by the same technique. The very best months are August. Sept, and
October. This is a good lobster ground.
Northwest Ledge. Lies about 3 3/4 kilometers northwesterly from Briers Island. This can be a bit of
difficult bottom a couple of miles long by some thing less than 1 distance broad with depths of from
2 to 10 fathoms over the ledge and soundings of 12 to 30 fathoms around the gravelly ground about
it. Cod are normally found here in great deal from September to November, inclusive, and are taken
by hand-lining. Pollock are also used here in summer time, "drailing" by hand collection.
A narrow piece of rocky ground with somewhat greater depths links this with Batsons Shoal, some 5
miles SW., the two thus creating what is virtually a single bit of ground. Depths on Batsons Shoal are
rather less than on Northwest Ledge, but the methods of fishing, the species taken, and the seasons
of their abundance are the same on both. This deepens rapidly to 100 fathoms over rocks and coarse
gravel outside of them to W. and NW, although the bottom all about these two grounds is rocky, with
from 20 to 40 fathoms inside of them.