Solr: Search at the Speed of Light

Solr Search at the Speed of Light JavaZone 2009 September 10 Oslo Erik Hatcher, Lucid Imagination erik.hatcher@lucidimagination.com 1

Solr History • Created by Yonik Seeley for CNET • Contributed to Apache in January 2006 • December 2006:Version 1.1 released • June 2007:Version 1.2 released • September 2008:Version 1.3 released • ~September 2009:Version 1.4 http://lucene.apache.org/solr © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 2

Features • Lucene power exposed over HTTP • Scalability: caching, replication, distributed search • Faceting • And more: spell checking, highlighting, clustering, rich document and DB indexing, "more like this" © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 4

Inverted Index • Commonly used search engine data structure • Efﬁcient lookup of terms across large number of documents • Usually stores positional information to enable From "Taming Text" by Grant Ingersoll and Tom Morton phrase/proximity queries © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 6

SimpleAnalyzer Lowercases, splits at non-letter boundaries the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. [the] [quick] [brown] [fox] [jumps] [over] [the] [lazy] [dog] © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 10

Relevance • Term frequency (TF): number of times a term appears in a document • Inverse document frequency (IDF): One over number of times term appears in the index (1/df) • Field length normalization: control affect ﬁeld length, in number of terms, has on score • Boost factors: terms, ﬁelds, or documents © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 14

Solr in Production Incoming Search Requests Load Balancer Solr Solr Master Solr Master Shard Request Shard Request Load Balancer Load Balancer Shard Shard Shard Shard Master 1..n Master Replicant shards Replicant Replicant Replicant Replicant Replicant Replicant Replicant © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 17

Configuration • schema.xml • field types and fields • solrconfig.xml • request handler mappings • cache settings: filter, query, document • warming listeners • HTTP cache settings • Lucene index parameters • plugins: spell checking, highlighting © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 19

Solr add/update XML <add><doc> <field name="id">MA147LL/A</field> <field name="name">Apple 60 GB iPod with Video Playback Black</field> <field name="manu">Apple Computer Inc.</field> <field name="cat">electronics</field> <field name="cat">music</field> <field name="features">iTunes, Podcasts, Audiobooks</field> <field name="features">Stores up to 15,000 songs, 25,000 photos, or 150 hours of video</field> <field name="features">2.5-inch, 320x240 color TFT LCD display with LED backlight</field> <field name="features">Up to 20 hours of battery life</field> <field name="features">Plays AAC, MP3, WAV, AIFF, Audible, Apple Lossless, H.264 video</field> <field name="features">Notes, Calendar, Phone book, Hold button, Date display, Photo wallet, Built-in games, JPEG photo playback, Upgradeable firmware, USB 2.0 compatibility, Playback speed control, Rechargeable capability, Battery level indication</field> <field name="includes">earbud headphones, USB cable</field> <field name="weight">5.5</field> <field name="price">399.00</field> <field name="popularity">10</field> <field name="inStock">true</field> </doc></add> © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 20

Indexing Solr XML • Via curl:'http://localhost:8983/ curl solr/update?commit=true' -- data-binary @ipod_video.xml - H 'Content-type:text/xml; charset=utf-8' • Via Solr's Java-based post tool: java -jar post.jar ipod_video.xml © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 21

Content Streams • Allows Solr server to fetch local or remote data itself. Must enable remote streaming in solrconfig.xml • http://localhost:8983/solr/update?stream.file=<local Solr path to exampledocs>/ipod_video.xml • &stream.url=<url to content> • Security warning: allows Solr to fetch arbitrary server-side file or network URL content © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 23

Indexing Rich Documents curl 'http://localhost:8983/solr/update/ extract? literal.id=doc1&commit=true&extractOnly=true &wt=ruby&indent=on' -F "myfile=@tutorial.html" © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 24

Indexing with SolrJ SolrServer solr = new CommonsHttpSolrServer(new URL("http://localhost:8983/solr")); SolrInputDocument doc = new SolrInputDocument(); doc.addField("id", "JAVAZONE_09"); doc.addField("title", "JavaZone 2009 SolrJ Example"); solr.add(doc); solr.commit(); // after a batch, not per document solr.optimize(); // periodically, when needed © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 25

Indexing with Ruby solr = Connection.new( 'http://localhost:8983/solr', :autocommit => :on) solr.add(:id => 123, :title => 'Solr in Action') solr.optimize # periodically, as needed © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 26

Data Import Handler • Indexes relational database, XML data sources, e-mail, and more • Supports full and incremental/delta indexing • Extensible with custom data sources, transformers, etc • http://wiki.apache.org/solr/DataImportHandler © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 27

Query Parser • Controlled by defType parameter • &defType=lucene (actually a Solr extension of Lucene’s QueryParser) • &defType=dismax • Local {!..} override syntax © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 31

Solr Query Parser • http://lucene.apache.org/java/2_4_0/ queryparsersyntax.html + Solr extensions • Kitchen sink parser, includes advanced user- unfriendly syntax • Syntax errors throw parse exceptions back to client • Example: title:ipod* AND price:[0 TO 100] © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 32

Dismax Query Parser • Simplified syntax: loose text “quote phrases” -prohibited +required • Spreads query terms across query fields (qf) with dynamic boosting per field, implicit phrase construction (pf), boosting function (bf), boosting query (bq), and minimum match (mm) © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 33

Searching with SolrJ SolrServer server = new CommonsHttpSolrServer("http:// localhost:8983/solr"); SolrQuery params = new SolrQuery("author:John"); params.setFields("*,score"); params.setRows(3); QueryResponse response = server.query(params); for (SolrDocument document : response.getResults()) { System.out.println("Doc: " + document); } © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 34

delete, update, etc • Delete: • <delete><id>05991</id></delete> • <delete> <query>category:Unused</query> </delete> • java -Ddata=args -jar post.jar "<delete><query>*:*</query></delete>" • Update: simply <add> doc with same unique key • Commit: <commit/> • Optimize: <optimize/> © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 36

Faceting • Counts per subset within results • Facet on: ﬁeld terms, queries, date ranges • &facet=on &facet.ﬁeld=cat &facet.query=price:[0 TO 100] • http://wiki.apache.org/solr/ SimpleFacetParameters © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 37

Spell checking • Not enabled by default, see example conﬁg to wire it in • http://localhost:8983/solr/spell? q=epod&spellcheck=on&spellcheck.build=true • File or index-based dictionaries • Supports pluggable distance algorithms: Levenstein and JaroWinkler • http://wiki.apache.org/solr/SpellCheckComponent © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 38

More Like This • http://localhost:8983/solr/select? q=ipod&mlt=true&mlt.ﬂ=manu,cat&mlt.min df=1&mlt.mintf=1&ﬂ=id,score,name • http://wiki.apache.org/solr/MoreLikeThis © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 40

Scaling: Query Throughput • Replication • slaves poll master for index updates • transfers index files from master to slave • configuration files can also be transferred • entirely Java/HTTP-based in Solr 1.4 (prior versions used rsync) © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 41

Scaling: Collection Size • Distribution • Index documents across shards • query single server with shards parameter • sends requests to each shard • aggregates result to a single response © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 42

Solr-powered UI • Solritas (from "celeritas"): VelocityResponseWriter • easily templated output • SolrJS: jQuery-based widgets • see http://solrjs.solrstuff.org/ • Blacklight and Flare: RoR plugins © 2008-2009 Lucid Imagination, Inc. 43

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Solr: Search at the Speed of Light

by Erik Hatcher

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