10 Taldea Ingeleraz

10 Industrial buildings and equipement. Industrial steel structure. Industrial concrete structures and prestressing. Industrial timber structures..

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 1.INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS 3. CONPARATION Every building in which industrial, agricultural or 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED chemical machinery can be kept is called STRUCTURE industrial nave. 4.1. SYSTEMS These buildings can be built in the areas 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD previously fixed by the town hall: the industrial 4.3. COMPONENTS 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES estates. Because of their position these places 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY result to be particularly appropriate to build the 4.6. TECHNNIQUES naves: transformers, motorway, train, airport and 4.7.MATERIALS others. The industrial naves can be built by 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF architects and engineers. REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED Image: Authors of the publication. CONCRETE Industrial building, Usurbil. Usually these buildings are made of different 5.1. SYSTEMS bodies that have light more than 10 meters. They 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD usually have a height greater than 5 meters and 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES it usually offers below. 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD Normally, because of its specific use, must have STRUCTURE a specific structure and form to meet the 6.1. SYSTEMS requirements. In the case that the actual 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS use, they are not as multifunctional spaces are 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES often created. 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Authors of the publication. Industrial building, Usurbil. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 1.EQUIPMENTS 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS Every infrastructure which offers some service and the space equipped with the necessary 3. CONPARATION resources is called equipment. 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED They are usually the town halls’ property, but sometimes they can be the goberments’, such as the STRUCTURE police stations of the basque police (Ertzaintza). 4.1. SYSTEMS Unlike the industrial naves, these will be built in any place needed. 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 4.3. COMPONENTS 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Authors of the publication. Museum Oteiza. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. There are different types of buildings that can be classified as equipments. So as to name some: 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS 3. CONPARATION - Sports building. It does not require any specific type of structure, but sometimes necessary to create space without structural element. Building also affects the aesthetics and economics. The 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED latter is the most important factor, and to save industrial elements were used. STRUCTURE 4.1. SYSTEMS 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 4.3. COMPONENTS 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Authors of the publication. Anoeta estadium, Donostia. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. - Buildings of teaching. As a general rule parallelepiped shaped and a height of 3 storeys. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS These plants usually have a height less than 5 meters. It is organized into a modular option is 2. EQUIPMENTS often given to any reform because of the continual change that education suffers. 3. CONPARATION 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE 4.1. SYSTEMS 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 4.3. COMPONENTS 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Héctor Pérez Romero. School ampliation in Indautxu, Bilbo. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. - Gas stations. On the occasion of reducing the presence of vertical elements as we usually find 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS large deck overhangs. Thus we have a large open space that gives rise to the provision of the 2. EQUIPMENTS gas station. 3. CONPARATION 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE 4.1. SYSTEMS 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 4.3. COMPONENTS 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Authors of the publication. Repsol gas station. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. - Supermarkets. They can be of a size or a combination of several. They may have several plants. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS If you have underground parking, the building structure should be modulated with respect to 2. EQUIPMENTS 3. CONPARATION these car parks will be important therefore to respect the margins. 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE 4.1. SYSTEMS 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 4.3. COMPONENTS 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY Image: L35 Arquitectos [www.l35.com]. Supermarket Ballonti ,Portugalete. 11.AUTHORS Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 3.CONPARATION 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS As we see industrial buildings and equipment are completely different. As they have a role 3. CONPARATION completely different social requirements will also be different. With this in mind you should get the 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED maximum effectiveness of the construction sector to achieve the objectives. This is seen most STRUCTURE clearly referring to the industry, which seeks maximum efficiency between the physical element 4.1. SYSTEMS and the economy. 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 4.3. COMPONENTS In the equipment in hand, looking to be avant-garde buildings, is given greater importance to the 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES compositional aspect. 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY The similarity between these types of buildings is given in the types of space to be created to carry 4.6. TECHNNIQUES out different activities. These spaces are usually very light and with a height greater than 6 meters. 4.7.MATERIALS For this reason it is impossible to use a common structure and lattice will have to have other 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF structures: the structure industrialized. Within such structures are very different types according to REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED the requirement of the program will have one or the other. CONCRETE There is a great deal of advantages that this structure brings us when we want to create very high 5.1. SYSTEMS and bright places. On the one hand, the time spent in the work is shortened. This way, the dangers 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS that are cause because of the bad weather are reduced. The possibility of error is also less 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES because the structure is already done. The best advantage of using this type of structure is 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD specially that the time spent in building it, is cut short. STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Selfhor [www.selfhor.com]. Image: Authors of the publication. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 4.METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS The steel is light, can be moulded and is resistant. It can’t be cracked, rotted nor burned. 3. CONPARATION The steel makes it easier for the structure to be isostatic, due to the use of screws in 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED metallic elements. STRUCTURE 4.1. SYSTEMS 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD SYSTEMS 4.3. COMPONENTS 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES It can be used in any type of structure. 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 4.6. TECHNNIQUES If it is used in compression, bending problems can appear (they use pieces with very Little 4.7.MATERIALS section, that’s why some pieces can turn out to be very slim and big). 4.8.PROTECTION When it is used in traction its capacity would only be surpassed by synthetic fibre and by 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED materials of plastic resin (there will be problems with its sensibility to the heat and with the CONCRETE cost). 5.1. SYSTEMS Bent systems only surpassed in terms of overall performance. Anyway both wood and 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS concrete as prestressed reach their maximum payload capacity with lights much lower 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES than steel because of its lower strength / weight ratio 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Authors of the publication. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. The most currently used systems are: 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS 1-structure formed by rigid frames made with standard profiles reinforced with gussets 3. CONPARATION at the nodes. The fastening is done by triangulating the quadrilateral formed by the frames with belts and studs enclosures. 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE 4.1. SYSTEMS Common in small light industrial premises and moderate stability with demands for low fire. 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 4.3. COMPONENTS 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Prado [www.pradotm.com] Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS 2-Structures by isostatic portics truss consisting 3. CONPARATION of flat and profile support. Middle and large lights. Compounds supports are placed, made 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE with multiple profiles of lattice linked or 4.1. SYSTEMS triangulated, for more rigidity. 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD Bracing related to the distances between 4.3. COMPONENTS gates and belts, being done with profiles 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES (usually circular section) or big structure lattice 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 4.6. TECHNNIQUES elements. 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS Image: Authors of the publication. 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 3-structure formed by frames made of space 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE truss and lattice special supports compounds. 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD They are used for large spans. The supports are 6.3. COMPONENTS made with related profiles or more triangulated 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY lattice stiffness. Bracing related to the distances between gates 7. MIRADOR HOUSING and belts, being done with profiles (usually 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL circular section), or large elements of lattice 9. BEIJING STADIUM structures. 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Authors of the publication. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 4-structure consisting of triangular lattice 2. EQUIPMENTS resisting frames. 3. CONPARATION 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED Same as above but consists of bars welded or STRUCTURE bolted by brackets at the joints or through 4.1. SYSTEMS space bar bolted to pieces 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD (spheres, hemispheres ..) located at the nodes. 4.3. COMPONENTS 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES The mechanical deformation due to bending 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY is reduced, but tensions are due to expansions 4.6. TECHNNIQUES and contractions and rheological actions. 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED Image: Authors of the publication. CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 5-Mesh structure formed by triangulated space: 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE flat, curved or mixed. 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD They can be fully braced and rigid or be of 6.3. COMPONENTS triangular shaped plates or supported on media 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY whose characteristics may vary. The stiffening of these structures depends on the type of 7. MIRADOR HOUSING linkage between the plates or sheets blankets 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL and support subsystem and the characteristics 9. BEIJING STADIUM of the plates or sheets. 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Authors of the publication. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 6-Structures tractocomprimided not self-balancing, (cable-stayed and suspension) comprising a 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS continuous subsystem pulled anchored to the ground, supports compressed and suspended 2. EQUIPMENTS from the beams or plates pulled subsystem and supported media tablets. 3. CONPARATION The sub-traction can be formed by wires, rods or profiles. The tablets can be elements of 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE different characteristics and the beams or plates to be made with profiles or triangulated 4.1. SYSTEMS elements, depending on the lights. 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD The stiffness of these structures depends on the characteristics the plates have but it takes 4.3. COMPONENTS advantage of the supports and the system of tightening between the supports and the 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY anchorage. 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Authors of the publication. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS These systems developed from the linteled structures and the frame bridges and the deck made 3. CONPARATION of wooden structure. Important landmarks in its development: 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE - The structure of the Crystal Palace J. Paston. 4.1. SYSTEMS - The Gallery of Machines of Dufert and Contamin. 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD Steel structures are the most versatile because of its cost-resistance, easy handling that keeps 4.3. COMPONENTS unchanged the characteristics of the initial elements and take the degree of precision for each 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY type of execution. 4.6. TECHNNIQUES The higher yield in the performance of work in workshop and the ease of doing additional work 4.7.MATERIALS on site with a high degree of quality lead to a maximum process industrialization, limited almost 4.8.PROTECTION exclusively to the transport facilities and adjustment to elements outside the system . 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Wikipedia [www.wikipedia.org] Crystal Palace Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS COMPONENTS 2. EQUIPMENTS 3. CONPARATION They are made with features and plates with 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED reduced thicknesses, generally mm. The use of STRUCTURE thicknesses of centimeters poses problems in its 4.1. SYSTEMS production as well as in the Weld of the joints. 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 4.3. COMPONENTS Solid superficial elements such as walls, plates 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES or structural sheets. are not produced. 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF Image: Authors of the publication. REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES -Supports 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE They need an anchorage plate so as to pass on 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD the strength to the foundation. It is a thick sheet 6.3. COMPONENTS metal with holes to pass the anchorage volts 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES and normal stiffness elements to the plate and 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY the support to assure its ability to keep its shape. They have to allow to manage the bonding 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL degree wanted between the plate and the 9. BEIJING STADIUM support. 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Authors of the publication. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. -Beams 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS - Full soul beams. 3. CONPARATION Frames are used to form bracketed profilings established at the nodes. 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE For transport limitations are defined in sections 4.1. SYSTEMS completed connecting plates preferably bolted 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD joints. 4.3. COMPONENTS - Beams lightened. 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY Made with welded plate are used for large spans 4.6. TECHNNIQUES with limited vocal requirements, steps to persons 4.7.MATERIALS or facilities, or for cosmetic reasons. Stiffeners 4.8.PROTECTION normally need soul and strength / cost is lower 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF than the lattice elements. REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE - Lattice beams. 5.1. SYSTEMS They use different profiles for its realization. L- 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD shaped and rectangular small and light as I, H, U 5.3.COMPONENTS and large circular lights. Each time the use of 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD fewer elements consisting of elements open STRUCTURE doubles. 6.1. SYSTEMS -Belts and joist of the second order. 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD Are determined by the light, the slope of the deck 6.3. COMPONENTS and fastening system requirements. Preference is 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY soul full profiles. The continuity of these elements can increase the strength / weight ratio but 7. MIRADOR HOUSING requires more control of tensions produciads by 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL thermal variations. 9. BEIJING STADIUM . 10.BIBLIOGRAFY Image: Authors of the publication. 11.AUTHORS Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. -Boldness 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS 3. CONPARATION Prefferably by triangulation. Closed features are used in the elements subjugated to 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED compression, usually of circular section. STRUCTURE 4.1. SYSTEMS 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 4.3. COMPONENTS 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES - Vierendel beams 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS Its worst mechanic capacity compared to he 4.8.PROTECTION triangular beams is compensated by the 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF accessibility that permits to lodge passages REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED and spaces with the beam’s height and CONCRETE Image: Authors of the publication. 5.1. SYSTEMS therefore take the most of the buildings’ useful Boldeness.. 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD height. 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD PRODUCTION PROCESSES STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS Steam procedures of cut and solding are 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS preferably used, by electric arch, oxiacitylene 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES and laser; the mechanization and 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY occasionally the moulding. The mechanization is used in the elements that 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL need finish, while the solding is used because 9. BEIJING STADIUM of its minor cost. The laser allows to manage mechanizations’ similar qualities. 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Authors of the publication. Vierendel beam. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS Steel structures have fewer restrictions than those 3. CONPARATION of concrete and wood because of the possibility of unions and other work on site with high 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE reliability. 4.1. SYSTEMS The most important limitation is related to the 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD song or height of the pieces. The transportation 4.3. COMPONENTS cost is higher in the spatial elements in the plans 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY due to higher volume / weight. 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE Image: Authors of the publication. 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD TECHNNIQUES 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES The fundamental skills are soldering and 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE mechanical bond with high-strength bolts. The 6.1. SYSTEMS weld is preferably made of the second workshop 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD and to join things work and galvanized. 6.3. COMPONENTS Expansion joints isostatic elements are solved by 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES sliding or rotating joints in the direction unrestricted. 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY Leaves are used rubber / neoprene ability to 7. MIRADOR HOUSING coordinate movement with homogeneous 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL transmission efforts. 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Authors of the publication. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. MATERIALS 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS Steel structures allow using AISI-SAE-1020 iron, with a C 0.20% 3. CONPARATION Mn and 0.40 for profiles and plates and AISI-SAE-1040 for Bhardware. 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED The elements of welded stainless steel stainless steels are used STRUCTURE austenitic alloys such as: SAE-AISI-321 and AISI-SAE-347. 4.1. SYSTEMS 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 4.3. COMPONENTS PROTECTION 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY The steelwork (except stainless steel) must have an outer 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS coating to prevent corrosion, whose characteristics are 4.8.PROTECTION determined according to prescribed levels of 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF demand, which will be related to the following factors: REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED Image: Lacaton y Vassal arquitectos. safety, maintenance cost and difficulty of maintenance. CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS Steel structures protection. The procedures used are: 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD - Hot dip galvanizing finished parts or subassemblies 5.3.COMPONENTS - Zinc profiles and sheets with welding protection of zinc dust 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES paints 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD - Coating applied by powder thermosetting resins and STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS polymerized in oven. 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD - Coating with resin applied in liquid phase. 6.3. COMPONENTS - Coating with enamel paint on primer. 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY The degree of protection that each procedure gives is 7. MIRADOR HOUSING descending. 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL In every procedure, the preparation and the cleaning of the 9. BEIJING STADIUM areas that have to be protected are basic. Once covered, the pieces musn’t be mechanized, soldered or 10.BIBLIOGRAFY Image: Lacaton y Vassal arquitectos. treated in a way that can damage the protecting covering. Steel structures protection. 11.AUTHORS Each type of covering has to be applied with the appropriate thickness depending the characteristics of the internal environment and the environment Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS The reinforced concrete is a technique in which the concrete is reinforced with bars or steel 3. CONPARATION meshes. It was invented by Joseph-Louis Lambore in 1848. Its advantages: 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED As the factor of dilation in both, the steel and the concrete is similar we don’t have to STRUCTURE worry, because there won’t be any internal tension due to dilation. When the concrete is forged 4.1. SYSTEMS this is compressed and it grasps to the steel. 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD The concrete protects the steel from the corrosion in a very big way. 4.3. COMPONENTS 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES The concrete that goes round the steel, protects it from bulging. 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 4.6. TECHNNIQUES Called to that prestressed reinforced concrete element and before trying to put these to work it 4.7.MATERIALS produces a compressive force. 4.8.PROTECTION This will improve the behavior of concrete in tension. 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED The Eugene Freyssinet invented in 1020. CONCRETE There are two ways: 5.1. SYSTEMS - With prestressed reinforcement, but these are given in precast. 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD - In post-tensioned reinforcement, in cases of spot construction. This is done with machines, for that 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES reason are used more prefabricated elements. 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Selfhor [www.selfhor.com]. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. Industrial structures and prestressed concrete to cover large areas of light are always active 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS mass-bearing system, consisting of compressed media and beams, plates, slabs or shell elements 2. EQUIPMENTS bent. 3. CONPARATION The supports are usually made of reinforced concrete as the prestressed not provide advantages in tablets elements. 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE The possibility of concrete molded in any form is an advantage to achieve high yields 4.1. SYSTEMS constructive, although the demands of the elements result in the need for large meetings and 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD adjustment layers. 4.3. COMPONENTS The industrial structures of reinforced concrete and respond to prestressed patents related to 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY production systems, assembly and joining of parts, so it must take into account constraints and 4.6. TECHNNIQUES opportunities for assembly systems, molding, transport and assembly. 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL Image: Selfhor [www.selfhor.com]. 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS SYSTEMS 3. CONPARATION It is always arcaded systems typically unidirectional, with one or two orders of beams. 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED The use of heavy or light cover is of great importance in the design of systems. STRUCTURE 4.1. SYSTEMS 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 1 - Porches formed by rectangular beams or section I supported on insulated supports. The 4.3. COMPONENTS height can reach 16 meters and 30 meters light. On the facades light is reduced by closing 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES requirements. The front plate is usually alveolar plates 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 4.6. TECHNNIQUES TT straps profile I and II. This system is covered with flat roofs or water. Distance between frames 5 4.7.MATERIALS to 10meters. 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY Image: Selfhor [www.selfhor.com]. 11.AUTHORS Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2 - Gantry beams formed by triangular (delta) supported on insulated supports. 2. EQUIPMENTS 3. CONPARATION Similar features to the previous system, but can reach more light due to improved mechanical variable that produces its song. 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE Transport produced by semi-beams that meet at work. 4.1. SYSTEMS 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 4.3. COMPONENTS 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Selfhor [www.selfhor.com]. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 3 - Portals consist on Vierendel or triangulated 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS beams supported on insulated supports. 2. EQUIPMENTS 3. CONPARATION Similar features to the previous system, can achieve greater light due to improved 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE mechanics that causes weight reduction, but 4.1. SYSTEMS are more fragile and difficult to handle and 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD require more labour. 4.3. COMPONENTS 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY The Vierendel beam is a beam composed of 4.6. TECHNNIQUES the top and bottom cord. To tie the two cords 4.7.MATERIALS only need some vertical elements. 4.8.PROTECTION The prefabricated structural system is as follows: 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF four beams Vierendel two are built on a piece REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE and these are the first to build. The other two 5.1. SYSTEMS beams pointing in the other direction and they 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD are built after a 3 piece. 5.3.COMPONENTS Image: Authors of the publication. 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 4 - Rectangular beams or sections I, delta 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES and on porches and rectangular beams or 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY section I. 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL This system can achieve higher light in both 9. BEIJING STADIUM directions with a high load capacity. 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Selfhor [www.selfhor.com]. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 5 - Arched laminated plates resting on insulated supports. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS 3. CONPARATION 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE 4.1. SYSTEMS 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 4.3. COMPONENTS 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE Image: Authors of the publication. 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 6 - Arched laminated plates resting on beams. 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Authors of the publication. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker

5- oinarri bakunetan eutsitako plaka laminatu gangadunak. 10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND 6- habeetan eutsitako plaka laminatu gangadunak. PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 7- oinarri bakunez osatutako portikoak eta postentsatutako habe gangadunez egindako habeak. DEVELOPMENTAND USE FIELD 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS The first prefabricated reinforces concrete structures for big openings are relatively premature and 3. CONPARATION didn’t develop more due to the trasportation difficulties. The possibilites of the systems increase progressively in a way that increases the versatility of the 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE moulds and its usefulness is higher. 4.1. SYSTEMS The concepts have not changed since the early days of use but have increased the resistance of 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD materials and optimizing the geometry of the parts due to improved knowledge of the operation 4.3. COMPONENTS of the transmission system of effort. 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY In industrial buildings, commercial and sports equipment and entertainment. 4.6. TECHNNIQUES Its greatest strength and stability to the fire without additional treatments, low maintenance 4.7.MATERIALS requirements ... Its hard and rough finish image is increasingly considered a virtue. 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Selfhor [www.selfhor.com]. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. COMPONENTS 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS - Foundations. 3. CONPARATION The use of prefabricated isolated footings is 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED unusual. Foundations generally performed in situ STRUCTURE 4.1. SYSTEMS binding to the brackets with calyces and pods 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD that are filled with mortar without retraction. The 4.3. COMPONENTS use of metal anchor plates can reach a 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES maximum degree of stiffness, but requires the 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY intervention of welders in unusual phases. 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION Image: Selfhor [www.selfhor.com]. 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS -Supports. 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES Generally modulated square section with 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD sides of 10 cm. STRUCTURE They may have one or more plants and 6.1. SYSTEMS liaison with the beams and plates are made 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS on the upper face or by corbels. The link can 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES also be performed using pieces of steel 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY bolted to the shaft. Shafts can be linked using threaded 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL rods, with sleeves, and plates bolted or 9. BEIJING STADIUM welded, but the sensitivity of the process do you prefer one-piece shafts. 10.BIBLIOGRAFY They can industrialize media with various forms of construction material constraints 11.AUTHORS Image: Selfhor [www.selfhor.com]. and the means of production and transport and the additional cost involved in making specific molds. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS -Beams. 3. CONPARATION The small elements are built with rectangular 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED sections. STRUCTURE 4.1. SYSTEMS With lights mean, common in industrial 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD buildings, using beams with section I. 4.3. COMPONENTS The lights are covered with more beams of Y and 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES V, which can reach 45m light. 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY (If you want to reduce the height of the beam 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS sections will be inverted T and L). 4.8.PROTECTION Image: Selfhor [www.selfhor.com]. 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS -Slabs and ceiling tiles. 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD Normally such spaces are covered with light STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS elements, usually metal, but for reasons of 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD maintenance and stability are also used to fire 6.3. COMPONENTS heavy covers. 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES One of the areas most frequently used for 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY prefabricated structural elements is the active 7. MIRADOR HOUSING mass of the grandstands for shows, which are 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL used for elements with sections L and Z. 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY Image: Selfhor [www.selfhor.com]. 11.AUTHORS Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. -Beams triangulated. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS 3. CONPARATION They are little used by the requirement of the process.. 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE -Vierendel beams and perforated. 4.1. SYSTEMS 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 4.3. COMPONENTS Allow for greater accessibility to its triangulated 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES through the beams, although with poorer 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY mechanical performance. 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION -Elements vaulted. 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF Image: Authors of the publication. REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE Triangulated beams. They have the advantage of good mechanical 5.1. SYSTEMS performance and the inconvenience of the 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD greatest difficulty in all processes. The cylindrical 5.3.COMPONENTS configuration elements important-saving 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES lights, incorporating elements of lighting and 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE ventilation without a second structural order. 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Authors of the publication. Benidorm, vaulted elements. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS The production system of prefabricated objects of reinforced and prestressed conrete suposes 3. CONPARATION always the moulding of a concrete mould with a steel framework and its compression by vibrating. The supports and the beams are manufactured by steady metalic moulds,destachable or moulds 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE that have an opening system to take the pieces out, provided with prestressed tolos in the edges 4.1. SYSTEMS of big beams’ moulds. 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD The compaction of the concrete surface is produced by vibration applied to the walls of the 4.3. COMPONENTS molds. To accelerate curing of the parts can be used to heating circuits also applied to the mold. 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY The massive deck plates, and alveolar-TT-veined and straps section I, are made directly on the 4.6. TECHNNIQUES ground, on runways equipped with banks 4.7.MATERIALS prestress at the ends. 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Selfhor [www.selfhor.com]. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. Triangulated beams and rafters are built Vierendel usually on the ground due to their large size. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS Flipping to the vertical position, the transport and assembly are delicate tasks. 2. EQUIPMENTS Implementation techniques used do not differ from those used directly in the work, but are 3. CONPARATION reached higher grades. The biggest difference lies in the existence of joints between components. In most cases the 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE answer together isostatic resistant mechanisms that do not produce shifts in the joints. 4.1. SYSTEMS The most common solution is a simple support with the interposition of a flexible piece elastic 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD (rubber, neoprene). When the union is necessary hyperstatic steel fittings and union rigidities 4.3. COMPONENTS prevent the relative rotation of the pieces together. 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY The boards are large and apparent. In buildings of reinforced and prestressed hg boards have 4.6. TECHNNIQUES great relevance in the architectural space. 4.7.MATERIALS If meetings are closed to be used a paste of low modules of elasticity, adhesive compatible with 4.8.PROTECTION the hg and pre-cleaning the surface. 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF Structures exposed to aggressive environments can be coated with paint to allow exchange of REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE moisture with the environment. 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS Until the very end of the 20th century, the wooden structures were the most used for the covering 2. EQUIPMENTS 3. CONPARATION of big spaces. The bigger development of iron and concrete techonologies, the wrong consideration of the fire’s affection left the wooden structures apart. 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED The biggest advanage of the wood is that gives the option the structure to be isostatic. STRUCTURE Nevertheless, it is ought to be used with additives in case its performance is bad. 4.1. SYSTEMS 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD The most important principle of the wooden structure is that the elements are well linked together. 4.3. COMPONENTS Depending on the quality of these unions will be the quality of the structure. 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY The joints shall be in two ways: 4.6. TECHNNIQUES Joining metal parts with wood elements together. 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION To fit the elements of wood, making shapes in them. 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED Plywood is a composite material composed of layers of wood glued together. Avoids the CONCRETE drawbacks of wood wholehearted to cover large spans. Clearly what this material is reliable, since 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD it is a very elastic fiber work is totally reliable. 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: AR Nevado [Book: Diseño estructural en Madera] Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. The dimensions of the pieces are determined by transport and characteristics of the tooling for the 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS manufacture, not by their mechanical properties. 2. EQUIPMENTS Advantages: 3. CONPARATION - In the manufacturing process eliminates many defects of the material, which increases their safety. 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED - Are reduced to the maximum strains due to different causes. STRUCTURE 4.1. SYSTEMS - Allows use of auxiliary elements with high mechanical union. 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD - Good strength to weight ratio. 4.3. COMPONENTS - Greater energy efficiency and environmentally friendly. 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 4.6. TECHNNIQUES Requirements: 4.7.MATERIALS - Due to the organic origin of wood is vulnerable to biological attacks, particularly in environments 4.8.PROTECTION constantly saturated with moisture. 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF - In normal environments, requires the inspection of: REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED - Deformation and cracks CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS - Auxiliary elements binding 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD - Fixed support and blind spots 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: AR Nevado [Book: Diseño estructural en Madera] Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS SYSTEMS 2. EQUIPMENTS 3. CONPARATION The most currently used systems are: 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE 1 - Structures formed by rigid frames made with 4.1. SYSTEMS pieces of variable section. 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 4.3. COMPONENTS 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES The labor union of the pieces is made by steel 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY supporting elements. 4.6. TECHNNIQUES The fastening is done by triangulating the 4.7.MATERIALS quadrilateral formed by the frames with belts 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF and studs enclosures. In buildings of small and REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED moderate light. CONCRETE Image: AR Nevado [Book: Diseño estructural en Madera] 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 2 - Structures formed by porticos articulated 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD pieces Reliz variable section. STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS The joints are made by steel supporting 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS elements. They are used for medium and large 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES buildings with lights and high fire resistance. 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: AR Nevado [Book: Diseño estructural en Madera] Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS 3. CONPARATION 3 - Structures formed by arcs of constant or variable section, articulated or rigid. 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED The joints or seams are made by steel supporting elements. They are used for medium and large STRUCTURE buildings with lights. 4.1. SYSTEMS 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 4.3. COMPONENTS 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY Image: AR Nevado [Book: Diseño estructural en Madera] 11.AUTHORS Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS 3. CONPARATION 4 - Structures formed by articulated or rigid frames of lattice planes. 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED They are used for medium and large lights. Bracing members are related to the distance STRUCTURE between frames and belts in terms of mechanical requirements. 4.1. SYSTEMS 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 4.3. COMPONENTS 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY Image: AR Nevado [Book: Diseño estructural en Madera] 11.AUTHORS Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 5 - Structures formed by triangulated meshes 2. EQUIPMENTS 3. CONPARATION flat space. 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED They are used to light large spaces. They are STRUCTURE very rigid structures and do not require bracing 4.1. SYSTEMS 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD in the planes defined by the mesh. 4.3. COMPONENTS 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED Image: AR Nevado [Book: Diseño estructural en Madera] CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD 6 - Structures formed by spatial meshes STRUCTURE triangulated dome-shaped curves or 6.1. SYSTEMS compressed sheet. 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES They are used for spaces with large spans. May 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY consist of a single layer or sheet or two layers with intermediate lattice. 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: AR Nevado [Book: Diseño estructural en Madera] Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS 7 - Spatial Structures formed by triangulated 3. CONPARATION mesh membrane-shaped curves. 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED They are used for spaces with large spans. They STRUCTURE consist of a single layer triangulated. 4.1. SYSTEMS 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 4.3. COMPONENTS 8 - not self-balancing tractocomprimided 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES structures (cable-stayed and suspension). 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS Are formed by a continuous subsystem pulled 4.8.PROTECTION anchored to the ground, supports compressed 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF and beams or plates pulled subsystem REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE suspended and supported in compressed 5.1. SYSTEMS media. 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD The sub-traction can be formed by wires or 5.3.COMPONENTS rods. The advantage rigidification of these 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES structures essentially props and stiffening 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE system between the supports and the 6.1. SYSTEMS anchoring in the ground. 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES Image: AR Nevado [Book: Diseño estructural en Madera] 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY Menbrana forma duen malla. 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 3.EVOLUTION AND USABLE PART 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS 3. CONPARATION Soon, the iron structures took the place of the wooden structures, because the setting 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED techniques were easier, more resistant and STRUCTURE 4.1. SYSTEMS secures. 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD The development of the technology to 4.3. COMPONENTS produce metallic auxiliary pieces for 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES connection was determinant to renew the 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY wooden structures’ technology. 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS The establishment of factories for medium-size 4.8.PROTECTION parts, competitive with steel or concrete, and 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF social positioning on sustainability REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED edification, contribute to growth of such CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS structures. 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD It is broader than that of steel 5.3.COMPONENTS structures, although the existence of an initial 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES investment cost of these exceed limits their use 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD to situations in which demands the use of steel STRUCTURE prevents or reduces their overall performance. 6.1. SYSTEMS COMPONENTS 6.2. EVOLUTION AND USABLE PART 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES - Supports. 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY When not part of a rigid frame parts are 7. MIRADOR HOUSING formed by single or double square or 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM Image: AR Nevado [Book: Diseño estructural en Madera] rectangular base provided with a concrete or steel that insulate the soil, which should never 10.BIBLIOGRAFY be built. (Often the use of composite structures in which 11.AUTHORS the supports are made of reinforced concrete and other armor of wood.) Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. - Beams. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS Laminated wood beams are usually slender rectangular section, since it is more efficient to 3. CONPARATION resolve the slenderness by stiffening the bracing. When the lights are large sections of the beams meet the mechanical needs resulting in variable sections. 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE Whether the beams are supported, articulated or rigidly attached to brackets or other structural 4.1. SYSTEMS elements, joints are metal and are attached to pieces of wood by mechanical fasteners 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD (screws, perforated plates, toothed plates, rings, ball joints .. .). Often the union of pieces with 4.3. COMPONENTS lateral fixation instead of testa. 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: AR Nevado [Book: Diseño estructural en Madera] Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS 3. CONPARATION 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE - Portals. 4.1. SYSTEMS 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD They consist of single or double elements of 4.3. COMPONENTS 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES variable section. In its basic configuration is the 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY study of the transport system, although they 4.6. TECHNNIQUES have brought to manufacture parts up to 60m in 4.7.MATERIALS length. 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED - Forging. CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS Image: AR Nevado [Book: Diseño estructural en Madera] -Pieces are made with one-piece or laminated 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS rectangular uniform section. Usually joined 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES laterally to the beams or frames instead of 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD supporting them. This will reduce the height of STRUCTURE the truss and reduces the slenderness of the 6.1. SYSTEMS main element of soul. 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS When the distance between major elements is 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES reduced one-piece parts can be used directly 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY supported on the main elements, thus avoiding the use of expensive auxiliary elements. 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: AR Nevado [Book: Diseño estructural en Madera] Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS - Fastenings. 3. CONPARATION Elements are used rectangular, square or 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED circular in response to mechanical STRUCTURE requirements of each case. 4.1. SYSTEMS 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 4.3. COMPONENTS 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF Image: AR Nevado [Book: Diseño estructural en Madera] REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS - Arcos. 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES Besides its guideline curve characteristics do 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD not differ significantly from those of beams or STRUCTURE frames. 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: AR Nevado [Book: Diseño estructural en Madera] Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. - Beams and Frames triangulated. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS Are commonly used pieces of constant section. 3. CONPARATION When the dimensions of the pieces are small you 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED can use wood piece, although it is less reliable STRUCTURE than plywood. Marriages are performed by 4.1. SYSTEMS auxiliary pieces of metal. 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 4.3. COMPONENTS 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY -Beams Verendel. 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS -They are commonly used. The great song of 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF horizontal cords, the increased complexity of REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED the knots and the lowest yield on triangulated CONCRETE Image: AR Nevado [Book: Diseño estructural en Madera] beams, make them unattractive as structural 5.1. SYSTEMS Beams and Frames triangulated. proposal. 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES -Structure triangulated space. 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS The characteristics differ little from the 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD corresponding metal. Unlike the latter, have 6.3. COMPONENTS always with auxiliary parts to solve the knots. 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: AR Nevado [Book: Diseño estructural en Madera] Structure triangulated space. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS The sawing of the wood offers squared and 3. CONPARATION rectangular wing pieces that will become in structural objects and planks that are used for the production of 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE rolled wood. 4.1. SYSTEMS The one-piece wood as well as the rolle done are 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD later mechanized to form the joint with the auxiliary 4.3. COMPONENTS metallic pieces. 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY The manufacture of the rolled wood demands 4.6. TECHNNIQUES instalation in which the wood is prepared (refination 4.7.MATERIALS of the adhesion sides and mechanization of the 4.8.PROTECTION edged for joint) pasted and shaped by pressure. 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED TRANSPORT AND MUNTAIN CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD These labours and the steel structures have similar 5.3.COMPONENTS characteristics, but they don’t have the capacity of 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES dividing in smaller elements that steel structures have. 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD Image: AR Nevado [Book: Diseño estructural en This difficulty is specially obvious in arch structures. STRUCTURE Madera] 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 7.MIRADOR HOUSING [more information : TECTONICA 5] 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS 3. CONPARATION The project was created for housing design competition OPV in 1993. The condition was that the construction should be quick and materials should be industrialized. 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED To achieve this purpose, we used precast concrete panel with a thickness of 12 cm. Once STRUCTURE assembled, these panels would function structure and enclosure. 4.1. SYSTEMS 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 4.3. COMPONENTS The concrete panels placed in the facade will have a lighter color, an air of 3.5 cm and a 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES polyurethane insulation, a layer of drywall on the inside of 13 mm. 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY This system besides making structure function gives rise to take the role of lightweight 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS cladding, core floor slabs, beams, lintels and special items to stairs and slopes, that could be 4.8.PROTECTION combined with the technique and elements of traditional construction. 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED In this case, the forged slabs will be supported by a linear structure placed parallel to the CONCRETE facade, with the measurement from front façade and 10 meters. 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Authors of the publication. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. The panels and the different pieces join each other with steel parts, using bolts and welds as 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS the building is going up. The sum between vertical and horizontal elements will be in situ, using 3. CONPARATION formwork. Among these pieces is put a mortar to fill the empty seats and prevent moisture and 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED condensation. STRUCTURE 4.1. SYSTEMS 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD In short, we can say that the structure is created four elements: 4.3. COMPONENTS - Precast concrete panels 12 cm wide, 290 cm high and 10 m long. 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES - Precast concrete panels 12 cm wide, 290 cm high and 10 m long, but this time with a colored 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY concrete to keep the aesthetics, and that will be placed on the facade. 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS - Forged firm, with internal lines of 70 cm, with a width of 210 cm and a ridge of 26 cm. 4.8.PROTECTION - Several pieces of geometry changing for different elements: stairs, hills ... 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 8.WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL [more information : TECTONICA 13] 2. EQUIPMENTS 3. CONPARATION It is a draft submitted in 1990. The program required 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED to maintain the already existing flags and create a STRUCTURE new flag. The purpose was to experiment with new 4.1. SYSTEMS manufacturing processes and mounted, using new 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 4.3. COMPONENTS techniques. 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES On the occasion of reducing the cost of the 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY project, part of the structure and foundation were 4.6. TECHNNIQUES built in concrete, but the material most used is the 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION prefabricated wood, far removed from the building 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF and the traditional technique. REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE CORE 5.1. SYSTEMS The centerpiece of the building is concrete, giving 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS the piece a touch of monumentality. It was built 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES before putting the pieces of wood was built in its 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD entirety. STRUCTURE The slabs are supported by precast concrete 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD boxes, found within these stairs and services. 6.3. COMPONENTS This centerpiece, like any other transition element 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES was built on pivots, since the firm was about five 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY meters. 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL BOXES 9. BEIJING STADIUM The classrooms that are in the study area are miss Image: Authors of the publication. school "wooden boxes", being completely separate 10.BIBLIOGRAFY items, prefabricated self-supporting. 11.AUTHORS On the ground floor and two first floor are six classes per plant, and on each side of the building, a total of ten and eight classes. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. Each box is surrounded by walls that are load-bearing walls function as do all structure function 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS as each box contains the weight of the box placed just above and then transmitting these 3. CONPARATION loads to the footings The walls are prefabricated frame sections 9,60 m x 3,40. It is a modulation mode, since the 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED classroom is over twice the width, and thus saves a lot. STRUCTURE 4.1. SYSTEMS 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD COLD DECK 4.3. COMPONENTS 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES On the top floor is the classroom teacher and the library. These walls, unlike the walls of the 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY boxes, should not bear any weight and are very light, and thus give rise to put windows. 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS 4.8.PROTECTION The roof structure is very different, with beams and columns, with the edge of the beams 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF gradually changing and thus giving rise to the slope of the roof to conduct water to the central REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED part of the building. CONCRETE The beam half, is placed so spine and has a hollow U-shaped cover cink forming a gutter 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD carrying water to the downspouts. 5.3.COMPONENTS This beam has two functions: the gutter and the other of driving loads produced by horizontal 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES pushing the concrete structure. 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 9.BEIJING’S STADIUM 2. EQUIPMENTS 3. CONPARATION The Beijing National Stadium, the main stadium for the 2008 Olympics, is best known as the "Bird's Nest" for its innovative ways. Hacques Swiss architects Herzog and Pierre de Meuron and 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED Chinese Li Xianggang were the designers, who presented the project in the competition for the STRUCTURE 4.1. SYSTEMS world sports arena in 2003. It is a steel skeleton 340 m long and 68m high. 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 4.3. COMPONENTS OVERVIEW 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 4.6. TECHNNIQUES The features of this project are the horn-shaped structure and the cup-shaped roof. 4.7.MATERIALS The huge steel skeleton of the project weighs 42000 tonnes, deck and hanging items weighing 4.8.PROTECTION 11,200 tons. To endure this load had to build a temporary structure, starting in 78 games spread 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF over different sites. REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD To reduce the construction of the formwork, the design group decided to use precast concrete 5.3.COMPONENTS elements. The stadium is creating 24 columns of 1000-ton heavier than the conventional 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES stadiums. 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Image: Authors of the publication. Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. The main elements are held together and unite in a training network. The stadium has 7 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 2. EQUIPMENTS floors, with a system of reinforced concrete walls. The top and the steel structure are separated 3. CONPARATION from each other, but both are held on the same foundation. 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED The roof was covered with a double-skin membrane. One of them in the top of the STRUCTURE structure, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) transparent. The one at the bottom of the 4.1. SYSTEMS 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD deck, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) translucent. On the facade, the ramparts are located 4.3. COMPONENTS inside the structure for maximum protection against the wind. 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY All facilities (restaurant, suit, shops, baths ...) are autonomous units. This leads to the natural 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS ventilation of the stadium is, and this is a sign of sustainable design. To lower project costs, all 4.8.PROTECTION structural elements are inside the stadium, no towers or cable systems either. The area of the 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF structure is divided into 8 parts, each part with your system stability. REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS BIBLIOGRAFY 2. EQUIPMENTS 3. CONPARATION www.selfhor.com 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED www.pradotm.com STRUCTURE www.lacatonvassal.com 4.1. SYSTEMS www.L35.com 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 4.3. COMPONENTS www.wikipedia.org 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES www. en.beijing2008.cn 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS Diseño estructural en madera, AR Nevado. [editorial AITIM] 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 5.3.COMPONENTS 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE 6.1. SYSTEMS 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM 10.BIBLIOGRAFY 11.AUTHORS Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

10 ITEM: INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURE. INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND PRESTRESSING.INDUSTRIAL TIMBER STRUCTURES.. 1. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AUTHORS [2008-2009] 2. EQUIPMENTS 3. CONPARATION Héctor Pérez Joseba Larratxe Zuriñe Piñán Jokin Sánchez 4. METALLIC INDUSTRIALIZED Daniel Eguren Pello Torre STRUCTURE 4.1. SYSTEMS Mercedes Ibáñez Oscar Torres 4.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD Berta Martín 4.3. COMPONENTS Unai Apraiz 4.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES Alexander de Luis 4.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY Olalla Arrien 4.6. TECHNNIQUES 4.7.MATERIALS Amaia Díaz 4.8.PROTECTION 5. 3. INDUSTRIALIZED STRUCTURE OF AUTHORS [2009-2010] REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 5.1. SYSTEMS Julen Arteaga 5.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD Teresa Cuesta 5.3.COMPONENTS Itsaso Goñi 5.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES Xiker Lazkano 6. INDUSTRIALIZADE WOOD STRUCTURE Asier Mendizabal 6.1. SYSTEMS Roberto Salvador 6.2. DEVELOPMENT AND USE FIELD Xabier Urra 6.3. COMPONENTS 6.4. PRODUCTION PROCESSES 6.5. TRANSPORT AND ASSEMBLY 7. MIRADOR HOUSING 8. WOOD ENGIRENING SCHOOL 9. BEIJING STADIUM The intellectual property of every image holds in its author, all 10.BIBLIOGRAFY the rest contents are under the license Creative Commons by-sa 3.0 11.AUTHORS Authors: Julen Arteaga, Teresa Cuesta, Itsaso Goñi, Xiker Lazkano, Asier Mendizabal, Roberto Salvador, Xabier Urra.

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