Spain Nov09

Balancing the Two Approaches to ePortfolios
Dr. Helen Barrett http://slideshare.net/eportfolios

Key Themes of My Presentation
Purpose
Process
Product

Raise your hands if you are…
Implementing an ePortfolio System with your students
Thinking about it
Using e-portfolios to support student learning
Using e-portfolio evaluation data for accreditation or institutional assessment

“Purpose” Drives the Process
This presentation will balance
Student-Centered Purposes
(Learning, Reflection, Showcase)
with
Institution-Centered Purposes
(Evaluation, Accountability)

Web 2.0 is becoming the Personal Learning Environment of the “Net Generation”
Learning that is…
Social and Participatory
Lifelong and Life Wide
Increasingly Self-Directed
Motivating and Engaging
… and Online!

Four key pillars of Lifelong Learning(Barbara Stäuble, Curtin University of Technology, Australia)
http://lsn.curtin.edu.au/tlf/tlf2005/refereed/stauble.html

Knowing the learner (Self-awareness)
Understanding prior knowledge
Motivation for and attitudes toward learning
Help learners understand themselves
See their growth over time

Planning for learning (Self management)
Setting goals
Develop a plan to achieve these goals

Understanding how to learn (Meta-learning)
Awareness of learners to different approaches to learning
Deep vs. Surface Learning, Rote vs. Meaningful Learning
Different Learning Styles
Help learners recognize success
Accommodate approaches that are not successful

Evaluating learning (Self monitoring)
Systematic analysis of learners’ performance
Responsibility to construct meaning
Be reflective & think critically
Learners construct meaning, monitor learning, evaluate own outcomes

Deep Learning
involves reflection,
is developmental,
is integrative,
is self-directive, and
is lifelong
Cambridge (2004)

What is a Portfolio?
Dictionary definition: a flat, portable case for carrying loose papers, drawings, etc.
Financial portfolio: document accumulation of fiscalcapital
Educational portfolio: document development of humancapital

What is a Portfolio in Education?
A portfolio is a purposeful collection of student work that exhibits the student's efforts, progress and achievements in one or more areas[over time].
(Northwest Evaluation Association, 1990)

What is an Electronic Portfolio?
Digital Documents
Organized and presented with some type of "authoring" software
Stored in an electronic container
CD-Recordable disc
DVD-Recordable disc
WWW – Changing the genre!

Most of these documents began as digital documents!Today, we are moving from this container to the WWW

E-Portfolio Components
Multiple Portfolios for Multiple Purposes-Celebrating Learning-Personal Planning-Transition/entry to courses-Employment applications-Accountability/Assessment
Multiple Tools to Support Processes-Capturing & storing evidence-Reflecting-Giving & receiving feedback-Planning & setting goals-Collaborating-Presenting to an audience
Digital Repository
(Becta, 2007; JISC, 2008)

Questions to Ponder
What happens to electronic portfolios once learners leave an institution?
Can learners continue to maintain their own “digital documentation of development” throughout their lifetime? (Do they even want to?)
Has the process of reflective practice become a habit of mind that will support lifelong learning?
Cognitive Dissonance

Multiple Purposes from Hidden Assumptions
What are yours?
http://www.rsc-northwest.ac.uk/acl/eMagArchive/RSCeMag2008/choosing%20an%20eportfolio/cool-cartoon-346082.png

Multiple Purposes of E-Portfolios in Education
Learning/ Process/ Planning
Marketing/ Showcase
Assessment/ Accountability
"The Blind Men and the Elephant” by John Godfrey Saxe

ePortfolio designs/strategies for different purposes
Learning Portfolios (Formative assessment)
Organized chronologically
Focus of Reflection: Learning Activities & Artifacts
Tools: Reflective Journal (blog)
Faculty/peer role: Feedback on artifacts and reflection

Showcase Portfolios (Employment, Self-marketing)
Organized thematically (position requirements)
Focus of Reflection: Suitability for position
Tools: Choice of portfolio owner – personalized web pages – digital footprint
Personal online branding

Assessment/Accountability Portfolios (Summative assessment)
Organized thematically (outcomes, goals or standards)
Focus of Reflection: Achievement of Standards (rationale)
Tools: Assessment system with data from scoring rubrics
Faculty role: Evaluation

A few thoughts about Assessment -- What Type?
Assessment OF Learning? or
Assessment FOR Learning? or
Assessment AS Learning

Purposes for Assessment
AssessmentOFLearning = Summative Assessment
Institution-centered
Past-to-Present
Assessment FOR Learning = Formative Assessment
Teacher/student-centered
Present-to-Future
Assessment AS Learning
Student-centered – embedded in learning
Focus on the Present

Confusion of Terminology
Electronic portfolios
Student-centered
Lifelong and Life Wide
Assessment
About individual learning and growth over time
Focus on personalization, reflection, deep learning
Formative or summative?
Accountability systems
Limited Time Frame
Evaluation
About comparability and sorting into normed groups
Focus on standardization, validity, reliability
In many ways, our technology-based tools have defined the process… and exacerbated the confusion.

Principles of Assessment FOR Learning
Definition:Assessment for Learning is the process of seeking and interpreting evidence for use by learners and their teachers to decide where the learners are in their learning, where they need to go and how best to get there.

Overlap of Assessment Types
Positivist
Constructivist
Assessment Management Systems:
that support
Assessment
OF
Learning
Electronic Portfolios:
that support
Assessment
FOR
Learning
Learner-centered
“Checklist of Competencies” • Balance • “Students’ Story of Learning”

Portfolio Processes
Traditional
Collecting
Selecting
Reflecting
Directing
Presenting
+ Technology
Archiving
Linking/Thinking
Storytelling
Collaborating
Publishing

Types of E-Portfolio Implementation
Working Portfolio
The Collection
The Digital Archive
Repository of Artifacts
Reflective Journal(eDOL)
Collaboration Space
Portfolio as Process-- Workspace (PLE)“shoebox”
Presentation Portfolio(s)
The “Story” or Narrative
Multiple Views (public/private)
Varied Audiences(varied permissions)
Varied Purposes
Portfolio as Product-- Showcase

Structure of E-Portfolio Types
Portfolio as Process/ Workspace
Organization: Chronological – eDOL(Electronic Documentation of Learning – U. of Calgary) Documenting growth over time for both internal and external audiences
Primary Purpose: Learning or Reflection
Reflection: immediate focus on artifact or learning experience
Portfolio as Product/ Showcase
Organization: Thematic – Documenting achievement of Standards, Goals or Learning Outcomes for primarily external audiences
Primary Purpose: Accountability or Employment
Reflection: retrospective focus on Standards, Goals or Learning Outcomes (Themes)

QUOTE
The e-portfolio is the central and common point for the student experience… It is a reflection of the student as a person undergoing continuous personal development, not just a store of evidence.-Geoff Rebbeck, e-Learning Coordinator, Thanet College, quoted in JISC, 2008, Effective Practice with e-Portfolios

Student-Centered Philosophy
"A portfolio tells a story. It is the story of knowing. Knowing about things... Knowing oneself... Knowing an audience... Portfolios are students' own stories of what they know, why they believe they know it, and why others should be of the same opinion.” (Paulson & Paulson, 1991, p.2)

Constructed Meaning
"The portfolio is a laboratorywhere students construct meaningfrom theiraccumulated experience."(Paulson & Paulson, 1991, p.5)

Some Basic Concepts
“ePortfolio is both process and product”
Process: A series of events (time and effort) to produce a result- From Old French proces (“‘journey’”)
Product: the outcome/results or “thinginess” of an activity/process- Destination
Wiktionary

What is the best tool?
Do you need an all-in-one system or multiple tools?

Categories of E-Portfolio Software
Created as part of my study of different online tools:
http://electronicportfolios.org/categories.html
“Not just tools for telling
[presentation]
but more tools for talking![conversation]”
- Julie Hughes, University of Wolverhampton
Conversation transforms!

http://electronicportfolios.org/categories.html
Web 2.0

Major Categories of ePortfolio Tools
Higher
Individual & Institutional
Authoring Tools
Static Web Services
Interactive Web Services
Institutional
Software - Server required
Hosted Services
Assessment Systems - Hosted Services
Lower
Level of interactivity
Higher
Level of personalization & creativity
Lower

Web 2.0 tag cloud

Recent changes in technology

Architectureof InteractionArchitecture of Participation (Web 2.0)
allows a
Pedagogyof Interaction
(ePortfolio 2.0)

Google Sites ePortfolioshttp://sites.google.com/site/eportfolioapps/

WordPress/Movable Type ePortfolioshttp://sites.google.com/site/eportfolioswp/

All you need is… an <Embed> Code!
Hall Davidson
To link students’ Web 2.0 content into e-portfolio systems

Social Learning
How can we integrate ePortfolios with what we know about social learning and interactivity?

Think!
What are the engagement factors that drive the use of social networks and how can we incorporate those factors into ePortfolios?

Premises of Deep Learning
Motivation
Active Learning
Interaction with others
A deep foundational knowledge
“Because portfolios get students into a rich and deep knowledge base focused on their own learning experiences, portfolios are highly motivating. Collaboration with others deepens these individual experiences by allowing probing questions, socially constructed knowledge, and alternative viewpoints.
Zubizarreta, J. (2009) Learning Portfolios. Jossey-Bass , p. xx

How can you leverage the technologies learners own?
Accessibility from “net books” and home computers
Connectivity with cell phones
Audio (podcasts) and Video (digital stories)

“every day-ness”
How can we make ePortfolio development
a natural process integrated into
everyday life?
Lifelongand Life Wide Learning

Making ePortfolios Stick
Will your students want to use the e-portfolio process after they graduate?
Will ePortfoliotools be available to them after graduation?
Gartner Group “Hype Cycle for Education” has ePortfolios "Sliding Into the Trough"

Two “Paradigms” of Assessment (Ewell, 2008)
Ewell, P. (2008) Assessment and Accountability in America Today: Background and Content

Opportunity Cost
The alternative you give up when you make a decision…
The cost of an alternative that must be forgone in order to pursue a certain action
What is the opportunity cost of emphasizing accountability/compliance in e-portfolios over improvement/reflection and deep learning?

Opportunity Cost – a conversation with a high school teacher:
"It took all the thinking out of it. They gave me the standards and told me which artifacts to put into each one! It wasn't as effective as what my students did!” http://electronicportfolios.org/blog/2008/07/necc-2008-update.html
What learning opportunities are we missing when we completely structure the learner’s portfolio?

Goal: Balance in Electronic Portfolios
Purpose
Accountability/
Compliance
(Institution-Centered)
Improvement
(Student-Centered)
(Or Course-Centered)
Along a Continuum
??
??
Opportunity Cost

Purpose
Improvement
Accountability
Highly Structured
Uniformity and Standardization
Required Assignments
Faculty Evaluation
Complexity
Checklist
Data!
Engagement
Deep Learning
Personalization
Choice and Voice
Lifelong Skills
Ease of Use
Ownership
Time
Opportunity Cost

Purpose
Accountability
Improvement
Flexible Structure
Self-Assessment & Feedback
Lifelong Learning Skills
More Social Learning
Personalization
Choice and Voice
Engagement
Story
Faculty Time Involvement
Ease of Scoring for…
Collection of Data for… Accountability
Institutional Support
& Funding?
Opportunity Cost

Purpose
Accountability
Faculty Feedback
Uniformity
Flexible Requirements
Data
Program Improvement
Improvement
Self-Assessment
Personalization
Choice and Voice
Student Engagement
Increased Achievement
Social Learning
Faculty Time Involvement
Complexity
Opportunity Cost

Finding Balance in E-Portfolio Implementation
Tools
Use separate tools for assessment management and student e-portfolios?
Ball State’s rGrade & WSU’s Harvesting Gradebook
Incorporate blogging and social networking tools for interactivity and engagement
Open Source Tools: WordPress, Movable Type, Mahara
Allow embedding student Web 2.0 links, including video, into their e-portfolios
Enable exporting e-portfolio to students’ lifetime personal webspace

Finding Balance in E-Portfolio Implementation
Strategies
Acknowledge the importance of both portfolio as workspace (process) & showcase (product)
Support student choice and voice in e-portfolios
Facilitate reflection for deep learning
Provide timely and effective feedback for improvement
Encourage student use of multimedia in portfolios for visual communication and literacy
Digital Storytelling & Podcasting
Picasa/Flickr slideshows
Acknowledge/Encourage students’ Web 2.0 digital identity

Move beyond text-only artifacts
Encourage development of multimedia artifacts
Introduce alternative strategies for reflection
Blogging
Digital storytelling

Why Digital Stories in ePortfolios?
Reflection is the “heart and soul” of portfolios
Digital Stories can humanize any model of ePortfolio
Digital Stories add VOICE

Do Your e-Portfolios have VOICE?
Individual Identity
Reflection
Meaning Making
New Literacy
“When words are infused by the human voice, they come alive.”
- Maya Angelou

Convergence

Wordle.net
This following Word Cloud was created collaboratively by educators around the world, who contributed keywords that came to their mind when thinking about Digital Storytelling. Words that appear larger were used by more contributors.
http://langwitches.org/blog/2008/07/27/digital-storytelling-part-ix-wordle/

ASCILITE 2005 (Australia)

My Story
QuickTime Required:
http://homepage.mac.com/eportfolios/iMovieTheater11.html

Ongoing dialogue about e-portfolios
My Google Group: Researching Web 2.0 Portfolioshttp://groups.google.com/group/web2eportfolios
EPAC: http://epac.pbworks.com/ Electronic Portfolio Action Committee
Association for Authentic, Experiential and Evidence-Based Learning (AAEEBL) – a professional organization for e-portfolios in education http://www.aaeebl.org
AAEEBL’s first National E-Portfolio Conference planned:Boston (co-located with Campus Technology Conference) July 19-22, 2010
AAC&U E-Portfolio Day planned:Washington, D.C., January 20, 2010
IUPUI Assessment Conference in October – e-portfolio track

My Final Wish…
May all yourelectronic portfolios become dynamic celebrationsandstories of deep learningacross the lifespan.

Dr. Helen Barrett
Researcher & Consultant
Electronic Portfolios & Digital Storytelling forLifelong and Life Wide Learning
Center for Advanced Technology in EducationUniversity of Oregon College of Education
eportfolios@gmail.com
http://electronicportfolios.org/
http://slideshare.net/eportfolios

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Spain Nov09

by Helen Barrett on Nov 23, 2009

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