1. Unit Testing
Merangkak Menuju Pengembangan Aplikasi
PHP yang Berkualitas dan Tahan Banting
Arthur Purnama
arthur [at] purnama.de
http://arthur.purnama.de
06.04.2011

2. Arthur Purnama
 Diplom Informatiker Hochschule Fulda
 Sejak 2004 bekerja sebagai PHP
Programmer
 Sejak 2008 bekerja sebagai ITConsultant
divisi Portal Solutions
 Saat ini tinggal di Frankfurt am Main, Jerman

3. Tujuan
 Memperkenalkan Unit Testing
 Mendorong atau memotivasi penggunaan
Unit Testing
 Memperkenalkan Unit Testing Framework
PHPUnit

4. Rutinitas Test Programer PHP
 Berjam-jam mencari bug
 Debugger? apaan tuh?
 Teman setia: echo, print_r, var_dump
 Mati satu tumbuh seribu (bug baru)
 Bug Lama Bersemi Kembali

5. Unit Testing
 In computer programming, unit testing is a
method by which individual units of source
code are tested to determine if they are fit for
use.
 A unit is the smallest testable part of an
application.
 In object-oriented programming a unit is
usually a method.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_testing

6. Unit Testing
 Dalam pemrograman komputer, unit testing
merupakan suatu metode yang mana satu
unit dalam source code diuji untuk
menunjukkan bahwa code tersebut bekerja
sebagaimana mestinya.
 Unit adalah bagian terkecil dari satu aplikasi
yang dapat diuji.
 Dalam pemrograman berorientasi obyek, unit
biasanya adalah method.

7. Contoh
function multiplicate($a, $b){
return $a*$b;
}
echo multiplicate(1, 2) === 2 ? true : false;
echo PHP_EOL;
echo multiplicate(2, 2) === 4 ? true : false;
echo PHP_EOL;
echo multiplicate(3, 2) !== 5 ? true : false;

8. Kelebihan Unit Testing
 Yakin setiap saat bahwa code berfungsi
sebagaimana mestinya.
 Yakin setiap kali aplikasi berkembang, code
tetap berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya.
 Yakin setiap kali melakukan re-design atau
refakturisasi, code tetap berfungsi
sebagaimana mestinya.

9. Kelebihan Unit Testing
 Menjadi bagian dari dokumentasi code
 Mempermudah Integrasi antar komponen
 Meningkatkan kualitas code

10. Unsur Unit Testing
 Harus di otomatisasi
 Dapat dijalankan dengan sekali klick
 Dapat dengan mudah diulang
 Mudah diimplementasikan
 Setelah ditulis dapat dijalankan kapan saja
 Setiap orang dapat menjalankannya
 Berjalan dengan cepat

11. Unit Test != Integration Test
 Unit Test
 Tidak berinteraksi dengan basis data
 Tidak berinteraksi dengan Jaringan
 Tidak berinteraksi dengan File System
 Tidak membutuhkan konfigurasi khusus untuk
menjalankannya
 Terisolasi dari komponen atau kelas konkrit
lainnya

12. Unit Testing Framework
 PHPUnit
 Unit Testing Framework
 Ditulis oleh Sebastian Bergmann
 De facto standard untuk PHP
 Banyak didukung oleh Tools dan Framework lain

13. Contoh Unit Testing Multiplikasi
<?php
//MultiplikasiTest.php
require_once 'multiplikasi.php';
class BelajarUnitTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase{
}
?>

14. Contoh Unit Testing Multiplikasi
<?php
//MultiplikasiTest.php
require_once 'multiplikasi.php';
class BelajarUnitTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase{
//Nama fungsi menggunakan awalan “test“
public function testMultiplicate(){
}
}
?>

15. Contoh Unit Testing Multiplikasi
<?php
//MultiplikasiTest.php
require_once 'multiplikasi.php';
class BelajarUnitTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase{
//Nama fungsi menggunakan awalan “test“
public function testMultiplicate(){
$this->assertEquals(2, multiplicate(1, 2));
}
}
?>

16. Contoh Unit Testing Multiplikasi
$>phpunit BelajarUnitTest MultiplikasiTest.php
PHPUnit 3.5.12 by Sebastian Bergmann.
.
Time: 0 seconds, Memory: 3.00Mb
OK (1 test, 1 assertion)

17. Contoh Unit Testing Multiplikasi
<?php
//MultiplikasiTest.php
require_once 'multiplikasi.php';
class BelajarUnitTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase{
public function testMultiplicate(){
//Sangat tidak dianjurkan. Pastikan hanya selalu menguji SATU hal
$this->assertEquals(2, multiplicate(1, 2));
$this->assertEquals(5, multiplicate(3, 2));
$this->assertEquals(4, multiplicate(2, 2));
}
}
?>

18. Contoh Unit Testing Multiplikasi
$>phpunit BelajarUnitTest MultiplikasiTest.php
PHPUnit 3.5.12 by Sebastian Bergmann.
F
Time: 0 seconds, Memory: 3.00Mb
There was 1 failure:
1) BelajarUnitTest::testMultiplicate
Failed asserting that <integer:6> matches expected <integer:5>.
$MultiplikasiTest.php:10
FAILURES!
Tests: 1, Assertions: 2, Failures: 1.

19. Contoh Unit Testing Multiplikasi
<?php
//MultiplikasiTest.php
require_once 'multiplikasi.php';
class BelajarUnitTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase{
public function testMultiplicate1And2(){
$this->assertEquals(2, multiplicate(1, 2));
}
public function testMultiplicate3And2(){
$this->assertEquals(5, multiplicate(3, 2));
}
public function testMultiplicate2And2(){
$this->assertEquals(4, multiplicate(2, 2));
}
}
?>

20. Contoh Unit Testing Multiplikasi
$>phpunit MultiplikasiTest.php
PHPUnit 3.5.12 by Sebastian Bergmann.
.F.
Time: 0 seconds, Memory: 3.00Mb
There was 1 failure:
1) BelajarUnitTest::testMultiplicate3And2
Failed asserting that <integer:6> matches expected <integer:5>.
$MultiplikasiTest.php:12
FAILURES!
Tests: 3, Assertions: 3, Failures: 1.

21. Contoh Unit Testing Multiplikasi
<?php
//MultiplikasiTest.php
require_once 'multiplikasi.php';
class BelajarUnitTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase{
public function testMultiplicate1And2(){
$this->assertEquals(2, multiplicate(1, 2));
}
public function testMultiplicate3And2(){
$this->assertNotEquals(5, multiplicate(3, 2));
}
public function testMultiplicate2And2(){
$this->assertEquals(4, multiplicate(2, 2));
}
}
?>

22. Contoh Unit Testing Multiplikasi
$>phpunit BelajarUnitTest MultiplikasiTest.php
PHPUnit 3.5.12 by Sebastian Bergmann.
...
Time: 0 seconds, Memory: 3.00Mb
OK (3 tests, 3 assertions)

23. Contoh Unit Testing Multiplikasi
$>phpunit --testdox BelajarUnitTest MultiplikasiTest.php
PHPUnit 3.5.12 by Sebastian Bergmann.
BelajarUnitTest
[x] Multiplicate 1 and 2
[x] Multiplicate 3 and 2
[x] Multiplicate 2 and 2

24. Tapi.. Code saya seperti ini..
<?php
// Connects to your Database
mysql_connect ( "your.hostaddress.com", "username", "password" ) or die ( mysql_error () );
mysql_select_db ( "Database_Name" ) or die ( mysql_error () );
//checks cookies to make sure they are logged in
if (isset ( $_SESSION ['ID_my_site'] )) {
$username = $_ SESSION ['ID_my_site'];
$pass = $_ SESSION ['Key_my_site'];
$check = mysql_query ( "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = '$username'" ) or die ( mysql_error () );
$result = mysql_fetch_array ( $check );
foreach ( $result as $info ) {
//if the cookie has the wrong password, they are taken to the login page
if ($pass != $info ['password']) {
header ( "Location: login.php" );
} else { //otherwise they are shown the admin area
echo "<p>Admin Area</p>";
echo "<p>Your Content<p>";
echo "<a href=logout.php>Logout</a>";
}
}
} else {
//if the cookie does not exist, they are taken to the login screen
header ( "Location: login.php" );
}
?>

25. Core techniques
 Refactoring
 Separation of Concern
 Inversion of Control (Dependency Injection)
 Design by Contract
 Design Patterns

26. Contoh Refactoring
<?php
namespace myappsecurity;
use myappdaosinterfacesUser;
use myapputilinterfacesSession;
class Authorize implements interfacesAuthorize{
private $userDAO;
private $session;
public function __construct(User $userDAO, Session $session) {
$this->userDAO = $userDAO;
$this->session = $session;
}
public function isAuthorize(){
if($this->session->isAuthenticate()){
$user = $this->userDAO->getByUsername($this->session->getUsername());
return $this->session->getPassword() === $user->getPassword();
}else{
return false;
}
}
}
?>

27. Mocks & Stubs
<?php <?php
namespace myappmocks; namespace myappmocks;
use myappdaosinterfacesUser; use myapputilinterfacesSession;
class UserPalsu implements User{ class SessionPalsu implements Session{
public function getById($id){ public function getUsername(){
return null; return null;
} }
public function getByUsername($username){ public function getPassword(){
return null; return null;
} }
public function getAll(){ public function isAuthenticate(){
return null; return false;
} }
} }
?> ?>

28. Unit Test Authorize
<?php
use myappsecurityAuthorize;
use myappmocksSessionPalsu;
use myappmocksUserPalsu;
class AuthorizeTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase {
public function testIsAuthorizeSessionNotAuthenticate(){
$userDAO = new UserPalsu();
$session = new SessionPalsu();
$authorize = new Authorize($userDAO, $session);
$this->assertFalse($authorize->isAuthorize());
}
}
?>

29. Mocks & Stubs
<?php <?php
namespace myappmocks; namespace myappmocks;
use myappmodels; use myapputilinterfacesSession;
class SessionPalsu implements Session{
use myappdaosinterfacesUser;
private $username;
class UserPalsu implements User{
private $password;
private $user; private $authenticate;
public function getById($id){ public function getUsername() {
return null; return $this->username;
} }
public function setUsername($username) {
public function getByUsername($username){ $this->username = $username;
return $this->user; }
public function getPassword() {
}
return $this->password;
}
public function getAll(){ public function setPassword($password) {
return null; $this->password = $password;
} }
public function isAuthenticate(){
public function return $this->authenticate;
setUser(modelsinterfacesUser $user){ }
$this->user = $user; public function setAuthenticate($authenticate){
} $this->authenticate = $authenticate;
} }
}
?>
?>

30. Unit Test Authorize
<?php
use myappmodelsUser;
use myappsecurityAuthorize;
use myappmocksSessionPalsu;
use myappmocksUserPalsu;
class AuthorizeTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase {
//public function testIsAuthorizeSessionNotAuthenticate(){...
public function testIsAuthorizeSessionAuthenticateButWrongPassword(){
$userDAO = new UserPalsu();
$user = new User("username", "password");
$userDAO->setUser($user);
$session = new SessionPalsu();
$session->setPassword("wrongpassword");
$authorize = new Authorize($userDAO, $session);
$this->assertFalse($authorize->isAuthorize());
}
public function testIsAuthorizeSessionAuthenticateCorrectPassword(){
$userDAO = new UserPalsu();
$user = new User("username", "password");
$userDAO->setUser($user);
$session = new SessionPalsu();
$session->setPassword("password");
$authorize = new Authorize($userDAO, $session);
$this->assertTrue($authorize->isAuthorize());
}
}
?>

31. Mengorganisir Unit Test
 Fixture
 Bootstrap
 Stubs & Mocks Tools
 Test Suite
 Code Coverage

32. Fixtures
<?php
use myappmodelsUser;
use myappsecurityAuthorize;
use myappmocksSessionPalsu;
use myappmocksUserPalsu;
class AuthorizeTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase {
private $userDAO;
private $session;
public function setUp(){
$this->userDAO = new UserPalsu();
$user = new User("username", "password");
$this->userDAO->setUser($user);
$this->session = new SessionPalsu();
$this->session->setAuthenticate(true);
}
public function tearDown(){
$this->userDAO = null;
$this->session = null;
}
//public function testIsAuthorizeSessionNotAuthenticate(){..
public function testIsAuthorizeSessionAuthenticateButWrongPassword(){
$this->session->setPassword("wrongpassword");
$authorize = new Authorize($this->userDAO, $this->session);
$this->assertFalse($authorize->isAuthorize());
}
public function testIsAuthorizeSessionAuthenticateCorrectPassword(){
$this->session->setPassword("password");
$authorize = new Authorize($this->userDAO, $this->session);
$this->assertTrue($authorize->isAuthorize());
}
}?>

33. Bootstrap
<phpunit bootstrap="/path/to/bootstrap.php"
colors="false"
convertErrorsToExceptions="true"
convertNoticesToExceptions="true"
convertWarningsToExceptions="true"
stopOnFailure="true">
<!-- ... -->
</phpunit>

34. Stubs and Mocks Tools
<?php
use myappsecurityAuthorize;
class AuthorizeTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase {
private $userDAO;
private $session;
public function setUp() {
$this->userDAO = $this->getMock ( 'myappdaosUser' );
$user = $this->getMock ( 'myappmodelsUser', array(), array(), '', false, false, false );
$user->expects ( $this->any () )->method ( 'getUsername' )->will ( $this->returnValue ( 'username' ) );
$user->expects ( $this->any () )->method ( 'getPassword' )->will ( $this->returnValue ( 'password' ) );
$this->userDAO->expects ( $this->any () )->method ( 'getByUsername' )->will ( $this->returnValue ( $user ) );
$this->session = $this->getMock ( 'myapputilSession', array(), array(), '', false, false, false );
$this->session->expects ( $this->any () )->method ( 'isAuthenticate' )->will ( $this->returnValue ( true ) );
}
public function tearDown() {
$this->userDAO = null;
$this->session = null;
}
//public function testIsAuthorizeSessionNotAuthenticate(){...
public function testIsAuthorizeSessionAuthenticateButWrongPassword() {
$this->session->expects ( $this->any () )->method ( 'getPassword' )->will ( $this->returnValue ( 'wrongpassword' ) );
$authorize = new Authorize ( $this->userDAO, $this->session );
$this->assertFalse ( $authorize->isAuthorize () );
}
public function testIsAuthorizeSessionAuthenticateCorrectPassword() {
$this->session->expects ( $this->any () )->method ( 'getPassword' )->will ( $this->returnValue ( 'password' ) );
$authorize = new Authorize ( $this->userDAO, $this->session );
$this->assertTrue ( $authorize->isAuthorize () );
}
}
?>

35. Test Suite File System
Object Tests
|-- Freezer |-- Freezer
| |-- HashGenerator | |-- HashGenerator
| | `-- NonRecursiveSHA1.php | | `-- NonRecursiveSHA1Test.php
| |-- HashGenerator.php | |
| |-- IdGenerator | |-- IdGenerator
| | `-- UUID.php | | `-- UUIDTest.php
| |-- IdGenerator.php | |
| |-- LazyProxy.php | |
| |-- Storage | |-- Storage
| | `-- CouchDB.php | | `-- CouchDB
| | | | |-- WithLazyLoadTest.php
| | | | `-- WithoutLazyLoadTest.php
| |-- Storage.php | |-- StorageTest.php
| `-- Util.php | `-- UtilTest.php
`-- Freezer.php `-- FreezerTest.php
$>phpunit Tests
PHPUnit 3.5.13 by Sebastian Bergmann.
............................................................ 60 / 75
...............
Time: 0 seconds
OK (75 tests, 164 assertions)

36. Test Suite XML
<phpunit>
<testsuites>
<testsuite name="Object_Freezer">
<file>Tests/Freezer/HashGenerator/NonRecursiveSHA1Test.php</file>
<file>Tests/Freezer/IdGenerator/UUIDTest.php</file>
<file>Tests/Freezer/UtilTest.php</file>
<file>Tests/FreezerTest.php</file>
<file>Tests/Freezer/StorageTest.php</file>
<file>Tests/Freezer/Storage/CouchDB/WithLazyLoadTest.php</file>
<file>Tests/Freezer/Storage/CouchDB/WithoutLazyLoadTest.php</file>
</testsuite>
</testsuites>
</phpunit>

37. Code Coverage

38. Memulai Unit Testing
 Yakinkan diri sendiri
 Kumpulkan Case Study atau Success Story
 http://biblio.gdinwiddie.com/biblio/StudiesOfTestDrivenDevelopment
 Cari Pendukung / Panggil Konsultan
 Tentukan Tujuan
 Catat Perkembangan
 Bersiap menghadapi rintangan

39. Kemana Setelah Ini
 Metodologi
 Test Driven Development
 Behaviour Driven Development
 Tools Pendukung
 IDE (Zend Studio, PHPStorm, PDT, NetBeans)
 Build Automation (Ant, Maven, Phing)
 Continuous Integration
 Test Lain menggunakan PHPUnit
 Database Testing
 UI Testing (Selenium)
 Diskusi terbuka di Milist / Groups

40. Referensi
 Wikipedia
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_testing
 „PHPUnit Manual“ – Sebastian Bergmann
 http://www.phpunit.de/manual/current/en/
 „Getting Started With PHPUnit “ – Sebastian
Bergmann
 http://www.slideshare.net/sebastian_bergmann/getting-started-with-phpunit
 „The Art of Unit Testing“ - Roy Osherove
 „Unit Testing Fundamentals“ – Richard Paul
 http://www.slideshare.net/rapaul/unit-testing-fundamentals
 „Embrace Unit Testing“ – Alessio Pace
 http://www.slideshare.net/alessiopace/embrace-unit-testing

41.  Web: http://arthur.purnama.de
 Mail: arthur [at] purnama.de
 Twitter: @purnama
 Groups:
 phpug@yahoogroups.com
 Id-php@yahoogroups.com