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LAVA FLOW: A SILENT VOLCANIC HAZARD 
IN HAWAII 
Thursday, 30 October 2014
LAVA FLOW FROM KILAUEA 
ADVANCES TOWARD PAHOA
PAHOA HAWAII 
• A contingent of National Guard 
troops was dispatched to a Hawaii 
town on Thursday to provide 
security to the Big Island com-munity 
of Pahoa threatened by a 
river of molten lava that is slowly 
creeping toward the town's main 
road.
BACKGROUND
ELEMENTS OF VOLCANIC 
HAZARDS AND RISK
ELEMENTS OF RISK 
HAZARDS 
EXPOSURE 
RISK 
VULNERABILITY LOCATION
VOLCANOES 
PART OF THE PACIFIC “RING OF FIRE,” 
JAPAN HAS ACTIVE VOLCANOES AS A 
RESULT OF COMPLEX SUBDUCTION OF 
THE PACIFIC PLATE BENEATH THE 
EURASIAN PLATE
100 OF THE WORLD’S 1,500 ACTIVE 
VOLCANOES ARE IN JAPAN
LATERAL BLAST 
VOLCANIC 
ERUPTIONS 
PYROCLASTIC FLOWS 
FLYING DEBRIS 
ASH PLUME AND 
GASES 
LAVA FLOWS 
LAHARS 
TOXIC GASES 
CAUSES 
OF RISK 
CASE HISTORIES
VOLCANO HAZARDS 
CAN HAVE FAR REACHING IMPACTS 
• VERTICAL PLUME (can affect 
jet aircraft) 
• ASH AND TEPHRA 
• LATERAL BLAST 
• PYROCLASTIC CLOUDS, 
BURSTS, AND FLOWS
LAVA FLOW MOVING AT 5 M PER 
HOUR TOWARDS PAHOA
VOLCANO HAZARDS 
CAN HAVE FAR REACHING IMPACTS 
• LAVA FLOWS 
• LAHARS (can bury villages) 
• EARTHQUAKES (related to 
movement of lava) 
• “VOLCANIC WINTER” (causing 
famine and mass extinctions)
THE REASONS FOR 
DISASTERS TO OCCUR. . . 
• The community is UN-PREPARED 
for what will likely 
happen, not to mention the 
low-probability of occurrence— 
high-probability of adverse 
consequences event.
THE REASONS ARE . . . 
• The community has NO DISASTER 
PLANNING SCENARIO or 
WARNING SYSTEM in place as a 
strategic framework for early threat 
identification and coordinated 
local, national, regional, and 
international countermeasures.
THE REASONS ARE . . . 
• The community LACKS THE 
CAPACITY TO RESPOND in a 
timely and effective manner to 
the full spectrum of expected 
and unexpected emergency 
situations.
THE REASONS ARE . . . 
• The community is INEFFICIENT 
during recovery and 
reconstruction because it HAS 
NOT LEARNED from either the 
current experience or the 
cumulative prior experiences.
THE KEYS TO RESILIENCE: 
1) KNOW THE ERUPTIVE HISTORY OF 
YOUR REGION’S VOLCANOES, 
2) BE PREPARED 
3) HAVE A WARNING SYSTEM 
4) EVACUATE 
5) LEARN FROM THE 
EXPERIENCE AND START OVER
HAWAII’S 
COMMUNITIES 
VOLCANO RISK 
•VOLCANO HAZARDS 
•PEOPLE & BLDGS. 
•VULNERABILITY 
•LOCATION 
DATA BASES 
AND INFORMATION 
HAZARDS: 
GROUND SHAKING 
GROUND FAILURE 
SURFACE FAULTING 
TECTONIC DEFORMATION 
TSUNAMI RUN UP 
AFTERSHOCKS 
RISK 
ACCEPTABLE RISK 
UNACCEPTABLE RISK 
GOAL: VOLCANO 
DISASTER RESILIENCE 
POLICY OPTIONS 
• PREPAREDNESS 
•PROTECTION 
•EARLY WARNING 
•EMERGENCY RESPONSE 
•RECOVERY and 
RECONSTRUCTION

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Silent Volcanic Hazard in Hawaii October 2014

  • 1. LAVA FLOW: A SILENT VOLCANIC HAZARD IN HAWAII Thursday, 30 October 2014
  • 2. LAVA FLOW FROM KILAUEA ADVANCES TOWARD PAHOA
  • 3. PAHOA HAWAII • A contingent of National Guard troops was dispatched to a Hawaii town on Thursday to provide security to the Big Island com-munity of Pahoa threatened by a river of molten lava that is slowly creeping toward the town's main road.
  • 5. ELEMENTS OF VOLCANIC HAZARDS AND RISK
  • 6. ELEMENTS OF RISK HAZARDS EXPOSURE RISK VULNERABILITY LOCATION
  • 7. VOLCANOES PART OF THE PACIFIC “RING OF FIRE,” JAPAN HAS ACTIVE VOLCANOES AS A RESULT OF COMPLEX SUBDUCTION OF THE PACIFIC PLATE BENEATH THE EURASIAN PLATE
  • 8. 100 OF THE WORLD’S 1,500 ACTIVE VOLCANOES ARE IN JAPAN
  • 9. LATERAL BLAST VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS PYROCLASTIC FLOWS FLYING DEBRIS ASH PLUME AND GASES LAVA FLOWS LAHARS TOXIC GASES CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES
  • 10. VOLCANO HAZARDS CAN HAVE FAR REACHING IMPACTS • VERTICAL PLUME (can affect jet aircraft) • ASH AND TEPHRA • LATERAL BLAST • PYROCLASTIC CLOUDS, BURSTS, AND FLOWS
  • 11. LAVA FLOW MOVING AT 5 M PER HOUR TOWARDS PAHOA
  • 12. VOLCANO HAZARDS CAN HAVE FAR REACHING IMPACTS • LAVA FLOWS • LAHARS (can bury villages) • EARTHQUAKES (related to movement of lava) • “VOLCANIC WINTER” (causing famine and mass extinctions)
  • 13. THE REASONS FOR DISASTERS TO OCCUR. . . • The community is UN-PREPARED for what will likely happen, not to mention the low-probability of occurrence— high-probability of adverse consequences event.
  • 14. THE REASONS ARE . . . • The community has NO DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO or WARNING SYSTEM in place as a strategic framework for early threat identification and coordinated local, national, regional, and international countermeasures.
  • 15. THE REASONS ARE . . . • The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND in a timely and effective manner to the full spectrum of expected and unexpected emergency situations.
  • 16. THE REASONS ARE . . . • The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from either the current experience or the cumulative prior experiences.
  • 17. THE KEYS TO RESILIENCE: 1) KNOW THE ERUPTIVE HISTORY OF YOUR REGION’S VOLCANOES, 2) BE PREPARED 3) HAVE A WARNING SYSTEM 4) EVACUATE 5) LEARN FROM THE EXPERIENCE AND START OVER
  • 18. HAWAII’S COMMUNITIES VOLCANO RISK •VOLCANO HAZARDS •PEOPLE & BLDGS. •VULNERABILITY •LOCATION DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK GOAL: VOLCANO DISASTER RESILIENCE POLICY OPTIONS • PREPAREDNESS •PROTECTION •EARLY WARNING •EMERGENCY RESPONSE •RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION