Presentation courtesy of Dr Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction

1. TOWARDS A NEW NORTHRIDGE
AFTER THE JANUARY 17, 1994
EARTHQUAKE

2. NORTHRIDGE, CALIFORNIA
EARTHQUAKE
4:31 AM ON JANUARY 17, 1994
M 6.8
57 DEATHS
$50 BILLION LOSS
FRAGILE INFRASTRUCTURE EXPOSED

3. KOBE, JAPAN EARTHQUAKE
5:46 AM ON JANUARY 17, 1995
M 6.9
6,000 DEATHS
$200 BILLION LOSS
FRAGILE INFRASTRUCTURE EXPOSED

4. NOTE: Working cooperatively with
Japan one year later after the Kobe,
Japan earthquake occurred helped
accelerate the recovery and
reconstruction process in Northridge
and promote preparedness planning
in So. California

5. NORTHRIDGE IS IN THE LOS
ANGELES BASIN

6. THE JANUARY 17th EARTHQUAKE
WAS NOT THE “BIG ONE”

7. NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE
• THE EARTHQUAKE
OCCURRED ON A
“BLIND” THRUST
FAULT THAT DID
NOT BREAK THE
SURFACE
• ALMOST A “BULLS
EYE” URBAN
EARTHQUAKE

8. FAULT SYSTEM:
NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE

9. BLIND THRUST FAULTS:
A blind thrust fault is assoc-
iated with anticlinal folding
and does NOT always show
clear signs of its subsurface
existence on the Earth's
surface

10. NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE
• 57 DEATHS
• 9,000 INJURIES
• OVER $50
BILLION
DAMAGE
• TRANSPORT-
ATION SYSTEMS
FAILED

11. NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE
• THE BUILDING
STOCK AND
INFRASTRUCTURE
OF A LARGE
URBAN AREA
FAILED WHEN
SUBJECTED TO
VERY STRONG
GROUND SHAKING

12. NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE
• UTILITY
SERVICES
DISRUPTED
• EXPLOSION
AND FIRE

13. NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE
• UTILITY
CORRIDORS
DISRUPTED AND
DAMAGED BY
LIQUEFACTION
•

14. NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE
• PARKING
FACILITY
COLLAPSED

15. COMMERCIAL BUILDING
COLLAPSE

16. COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
• FLAWS FOUND IN
THE WELDED
CONNECTIONS
OF 400 STEEL
MOMENT-
RESISTING
FRAME
BUILDINGS

17. THE GOVERNOR OF CALIFORNIA
PROVIDED LEADERSHIP FOR
URGENT POLITICAL ACTIONS
AND TECHNICAL ACTIONS OF
THE GOVERNOR’S SEISMIC
SAFETY COMMISSION (CSSC)

18. FACT: THE COMMON AGENDA FOR THE
ACTIONS WAS BASED ON CALIFORNIA’S
STAPLE FACTORS IN 1994
TECHNICAL
SOLUTIONS
POLITICAL
SOLUTIONS
STAPLE
FACTORS
P
T
S
O
CA

19. THE STAPLE FACTORS VARY WITH
• TIME
• PLACE
• CIRCUMSTANCES

20. SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO
GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
• SSC’S REPORT:
“TURNING LOSS
TO GAIN”
• RECOMMENDATION
• ACCELERATE THE
HAZARD MAPPING
PROGRAM
• USE GEOLOGIC
INFORMATION AND
MAPS FOR DISASTER
RISK REDUCTION
MEASURES

21. SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO
GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
• SSC’S REPORT:
“TURNING LOSS
TO GAIN”
• RECOMMENDATION
• CONTINUE SUPPORT
OF STATE’S STROMG
MOTION PROGRAM
• INCREASE
INSTRUMENTATION IN
MAJOR URBAN
AREAS

22. SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO
GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
• SSC’S REPORT:
“TURNING LOSS
TO GAIN”
• RECOMMENDATION
• ACCELERATE THE
IDENTIFICATION AND
MAPPING OF AREAS
WHERE ACTIVE
“BLIND” THRUST
FAUTS EXIST

23. CALIFORNIA’S FAULTS
(SOURCE: CDMG)

24. SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO
GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
• SSC’S REPORT:
“TURNING LOSS
TO GAIN”
• RECOMMENDATION
• INCORPORATE
KNOWLEDGE OF
EFFECTS OF POOR
SOIL CONDITIONS
INTO BUILDING
CODES AND LIFELINE
STANDARDS

25. SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO
GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
• SSC’S REPORT:
“TURNING LOSS
TO GAIN”
• RECOMMENDATION
• INCORPORATE
KNOWLEDGE OF
LOCATIONS OF
PERMANENT GROUND
DEFORMATION INTO
HAZARD ZONE MAPS

26. SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO
GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
• SSC’S REPORT:
“TURNING LOSS
TO GAIN”
• RECOMMENDATION
• ACCELERATE
ACTIVITIES TO MAKE
ALL EXISTING
BUILDING STOCK
SAFER (i.e., FROM
DWELLINGS TO
SCHOOLS/HOSPITALS

27. SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO
GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
• SSC’S REPORT:
“TURNING LOSS
TO GAIN”
• RECOMMENDATION
• ACCELERATE
EDUCATION AND
INTERACTION WITH
BUILDING OWNERS,
DESIGNERS, AND
CONTRACTORS TO
IMPROVE SEISMIC
SAFETY

28. SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO
GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
• SSC’S REPORT:
“TURNING LOSS
TO GAIN”
• RECOMMENDATION
• ACCELERATE
ACTIVITIES TO MAKE
EXISTING HIGHWAY
SYSTEMS AND
UTILITIES SAFER

29. SSC’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO
GOVERNOR PETE WILSON
• SSC’S REPORT:
“TURNING LOSS
TO GAIN”
• RECOMMENDATION
• DETERMINE HOW
BEST TO REPAIR
STEEL MOMENT-
RESISTING FRAME
CONNECTIONS

30. State of California (1995), Turning
Loss to Gain, Report of the
Calirornia Seismic Safety
Commission to Governor Pete
Wilson’s on the Northridge
Earthquake
SSC Report 95-01, Sacramento, California,
160 p.

31. TEN YEARS LATER
A New Northridge
TWENTY-ONE YEARS LATER
Using Scenario Earthquakes to
Advance Earthquake Disaster
Resilience in Southern CA

32. GOAL
INTEGRATING ALL ACCUMULATED
KNOWLEDGE INTO A COHERENT
RISK MODEL TO ADVANCE
PREPAREDNESS AND EARTHQUAKE
DISASTER RESILIENCE

33. Public Safety and Security
Response (ESF 13)
Evacuee Case Management
(ESFs 6 & 8)

34. Economic and Community
Recovery (ESF 15)
Fire Protection (ESF 4)

35. Critical Resource Logistics and
Distribution (ESF 7)
Restoration of Lifelines (ESFs 3
& 12)

36. Hazardous Materials (ESF 10)
Evacuee Case Mgmt / Family
Reunification ) (ESF 6 & 8)

37. EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE
RECOVERY/RE-
CONSTRCTION
ALL ELEMENTS ARE
INTERRELATED
PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION
PREVENTION
EARLY
WARNING
EM.
RESPONSE

38. SIMULATING WHAT SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA IS LIKELY TO
EXPERIENCE IN THE FUTURE
Source: US Geological Survey

39. SCENARIO IS BASED ON
KNOWLEDGE GAINED THROUGH
MONITORING, RESEARCH, AND
POSTEARTHQUAKE STUDIES
THROUHOUT THE WORLD

40. HAZARDS
ELEMENTS OF A SCENARIO
EXPOSURE
VULNERABILITY LOCATION
RISK

41. EARTHQUAKE
HAZARD MODEL
SEISMICITY TECTONIC
SETTING &
FAULTS

43. • Southern California is prone to
earthquakes because of its location
near the boundary between two major
tectonic plates.
• Much, but not all, of the stress
release happens on the San Andreas
fault.

44. The Location of “The Big One,”
which occurred on the San
Andreas fault in 1857 and
moderate-to-large earthquakes that
occurred on “blind” thrust faults
(e.g., Northridge)

48. SAN ANDREAS

50. • BE READY: The magnitude
7.8 ShakeOut earthquake
will likely cause about 1800
deaths and $213 billion in
economic losses.

51. The goal of the ShakeOut Scenario is to
identify the physical, social and
economic consequences of a major
earthquake in southern California , and
in so doing, enable end users to identify
what they can change now—before the
earthquake—to avoid catastrophic
impact after the inevitable “big one”
recurs.