Vetches Vicia forage or grain crops and their toxins Les Vesces A Graine

Les Vesces, graines du passé ou de l'avenir Dr. Dirk Enneking Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture University of Western Australia

Co-operative Research Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture

Les Vesces: Vicia spp

Fourrages

Paturages

Graines

Southern Australia

Dryland agriculture

Ley farming system(cereal/pasture/sheep)

Increased grain cultivation

Rotation with legumes

no subsidies

The Mediterranean A source of genetic resources for Australian agriculture

Vesces de fourrages

V. sativa L. (V. commune)

V. monantha Retz (Afrique de Nord)

V. pannonica Crantz (V. de Hongrie)

V. villosa Roth (V. de Cerdagne)

V. benghalensis L.

Vesces de graines +/-fourrages

V. articulata Hornem (Lentille d’ESP)

V. ervilia Willd (Ers officinale)

V. narbonensis L. (V. de Narbonne)

V. sativa L. (Lentille de Canada)

V. faba L. (Fève)

Positives

Seed yield (1-2 (3-4) t/ha)

multipurpose ( grain/ biomass)

seed, forage, hay are excellent feed for ruminants

legumes fix nitrogen, rotation benefits

Ref. Siddique et al. (1996) Narbon bean: A promising legume for Southern Australia. Aust. J. Exp. Ag. 36:53-62

Ruminant production

Sheep: wool and meat, not milk

Cattle: meat

Prices for ruminant products are low!

Monogastric markets =large volume

Pigs and poultry

humans

V. narbonensis palatability V. sativa lentil substitute General problem: toxic amino acids

Soy=Glycine max Namoi=V. villosa Narbon= V.narbonensis The effect of Vicia seeds on pig feed intake

Enneking et al. (1998) Phytochemistry 48(4) 643-646

Vicia sativa, a mimic of red lentils 'WHOLE FAMILIES OF PLANTS ARE CHARACTERISED BY A DEFINITE CYCLE OF HEREDITARY VARIATION WHICH MAY BE TRACED THROUGH ALL GENERA MAKING UP THE FAMILY’ Vavilov (1922) J. Genetics (12:1) 47-89

A mess of red pottage Tate & Enneking (1992) Nature 359(6394) pp. 357-8

V. sativa a mimic of red lentils

HPLC analysis

Infrared analysis

Thin Layer Chromatography

http://www.general.uwa.edu.au/u/enneking/VETCHrm.htm

Acknowledgements University Adelaide, South Australia Dr. Max E. Tate Dr. Ian Delaere Dr. Jane Rathjen Dr. Richard Davies Dr. Phil Glatz CLIMA Dr. Neil Rothnie (Chemistry Centre, WA) Dr. Siddique (Agriculture WA) Mike Perry (Agriculture WA) Dr. Clive Francis Victorian Institute for Dryland Agriculture Geoff Castleman Chris Heazlewood