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Socio-Political Environment of the Philippines during the Spanish Regime
In the 15th century, Philippines was invaded by Spain
      and reigned over the Philippines for 333 years, from
          1565 to 1898. Their coming changed our history
                                               because of
                                         THREE REASONS:

1. Through Spain, we became CATHOLIC.

2. We got new and more advanced culture from
   Europe and Mexico.

3. But for the first time, WE LOST OUR FREEDOM
   or INDEPENDENCE.
Spain
          established ONE CENTRAL
      GOVERNMENT in the Philippines.

    Many independent barangays of our
ancestors disappeared. One government alone
ruled most of the country. Thus, for the first time
in history, we became united as one nation called
“FILIPINAS”. The rest of the world came to know
our country by that name.
Since Spain was far from the
country, the Spanish king
ruled the Islands through the
viceroy of Mexico, which was
then another Spanish colony.


  KING OF SPAIN

VICEROY OF MEXICO


   PHILIPPINES
When Mexico regained its freedom in 1821, the Spanish
king ruled the Philippines through a Governor General.



                               KING OF SPAIN


                           GOVERNOR GENERAL



                           PHILIPPINES
KING OF SPAIN
                       THE COLONIAL GOVERNMENT

 THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH                      THE JUDICIAL BRANCH
   (Governor General)                    (Royal Audencia, Residencia,
                                       Lower Courts, Governor-General)


   PROVINCIAL            MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT       CITY GOVERNMENT
  GOVERNMENT                CORRIGIMIENTO             AYUNTAMIENTO
     ALCALDIA                 (Corregidor)               (Cabildo)
  (Alcalde Mayor)
PUEBLOS OR TOWNS                                         CABILDO
 (Gobernadorcillos)                                     City Council

                                                         •ALCALDE
                                                        •REGIDORES
     BARRIOS                                         •AGUACIL MAYOR
(Cabeza de Barangay)                                   •ESCRIBANDO


                                                        BARRIOS
                                                   (Cabeza de Barangay)
THE POLITICAL STRUCTURE

      Spain established a centralized colonial
government in the Philippines that was composed
of a NATIONAL GOVERNMENT and the LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS that administered provinces,
cities, towns and municipalities.

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT:

     maintained peace and order
     collected taxes
     built schools and other public works
THE GOVERNOR GENERAL

The King's representative and the highest-
ranking official in the Philippines.

He had GREAT POWERS. He had the power to
appoint and dismiss public officials, except those
personally chosen by the King. He was the
commander in chief of the colonial armed forces.

He was also the president of the Royal Audencia.
(Like the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court today)
 There were 115 Spanish Governor-Generals in our country.

The first one was Miguel Lopez
de Legazpi (1565-1572) and
the last was Diego de los Rios
(1898)




                 Diego de los Rios   Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
The Governor General and other government
officials had so much power that it was
commonly abused.

To investigate the abuses, there were
bodies created:

                  THE RESIDENCIA


     THE VISITA            THE ROYAL AUDENCIA
THE RESIDENCIA

This was a special judicial court that investigates
the performance of a Governor General who was
about to be replaced.

                      The Residencia, of which
                      the incoming Governor
                      General was usually a
                     member, submitted a report
                     of its findings to the King.
THE VISITA

The Council of the Indies in Spain sent a
government official called the VISITADOR
GENERAL to observe conditions in the colony.

The Visitador General
reported his findings
directly to the king.
The highest court in the land during the Spanish times.

  THE ROYAL AUDENCIA
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT
 The Spaniards created Local Government Units (LGU) for
 the provinces. There were two types of local government
 units:

     ALCALDIA              CORRIGIMIENTO


      Alcalde Mayor           Corregidor
Though they were paid a small salary, they enjoyed
privileges such as the INDULTO DE COMERCIO
or the right to participate in the GALLEON
TRADE.
THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT


  The ALCADIA, led by the Alcalde Mayor
  governed the provinces.

DUTIES OF THE ALCALDE MAYOR:

 They represented the Spanish king and the
Governor-General
 They managed the day-to-day operations of
the provincial government
 Implemented laws and supervised the
collection of taxes
THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT




The    CORREGIMIENTO,    headed    by
Corregidor governed the provinces that
were not yet entirely under Spanish
control.
THE CITY GOVERNMENT

Larger towns became cities
called AYUNTAMIENTO. It became the center of
trade and industry.

The ayuntamiento had a city council
called the CABILDO

CABILDO is composed of:
    ALCALDE (MAYOR)
     REGIDORES (COUNCILLORS)
      ALGUACIL MAYOR (POLICE CHIEF)
       ESCRIBANDO (SECRETARY)
THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
Each province was divided into several towns or
pueblos headed by GOBERNADORDCILLOS
(Little Governor)

MAIN DUTIES:        Efficient governance and tax
collection.

FOUR LIEUTENANTS AIDED THE GOVERNARDORCILLO:
the Teniente Mayor (chief lieutenant),
the Teniente de Policia (police lieutenant),
the Teniente de Sementeras (lieutenant of the fields)
the Teniente de Ganados (lieutenant of the livestock)
GOBERNADORDCILLOS

       They had SMALL SALARIES but were
      exempted from PAYING TAXES.
             QUALIFICATIONS:
             Any NATIVE or CHINESE MEZTIZO
             25 years old
             Literate in ORAL or WRITTEN
             SPANISH
             Cabeza de Barangay for 4 years


               Ex: Emilio Aguinaldo
CABEZA DE BARANGAY
         (Barrio Administrator or Barangay Captain)

 Responsible for the peace and order of the barrio
 Recruited men for public works

QUALIFICATIONS:
 Cabezas should be literate in Spanish.
 Have good moral character and property.
 Cabezas who served for 25 years
  were exempted from forced labor.
  

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Socio-Political Environment of the Philippines during the Spanish Regime

  • 2. In the 15th century, Philippines was invaded by Spain and reigned over the Philippines for 333 years, from 1565 to 1898. Their coming changed our history because of THREE REASONS: 1. Through Spain, we became CATHOLIC. 2. We got new and more advanced culture from Europe and Mexico. 3. But for the first time, WE LOST OUR FREEDOM or INDEPENDENCE.
  • 3. Spain established ONE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT in the Philippines. Many independent barangays of our ancestors disappeared. One government alone ruled most of the country. Thus, for the first time in history, we became united as one nation called “FILIPINAS”. The rest of the world came to know our country by that name.
  • 4. Since Spain was far from the country, the Spanish king ruled the Islands through the viceroy of Mexico, which was then another Spanish colony. KING OF SPAIN VICEROY OF MEXICO PHILIPPINES
  • 5. When Mexico regained its freedom in 1821, the Spanish king ruled the Philippines through a Governor General. KING OF SPAIN GOVERNOR GENERAL PHILIPPINES
  • 6. KING OF SPAIN THE COLONIAL GOVERNMENT THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH THE JUDICIAL BRANCH (Governor General) (Royal Audencia, Residencia, Lower Courts, Governor-General) PROVINCIAL MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT CITY GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT CORRIGIMIENTO AYUNTAMIENTO ALCALDIA (Corregidor) (Cabildo) (Alcalde Mayor) PUEBLOS OR TOWNS CABILDO (Gobernadorcillos) City Council •ALCALDE •REGIDORES BARRIOS •AGUACIL MAYOR (Cabeza de Barangay) •ESCRIBANDO BARRIOS (Cabeza de Barangay)
  • 7. THE POLITICAL STRUCTURE Spain established a centralized colonial government in the Philippines that was composed of a NATIONAL GOVERNMENT and the LOCAL GOVERNMENTS that administered provinces, cities, towns and municipalities. NATIONAL GOVERNMENT: maintained peace and order collected taxes built schools and other public works
  • 8. THE GOVERNOR GENERAL The King's representative and the highest- ranking official in the Philippines. He had GREAT POWERS. He had the power to appoint and dismiss public officials, except those personally chosen by the King. He was the commander in chief of the colonial armed forces. He was also the president of the Royal Audencia. (Like the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court today)
  • 9.  There were 115 Spanish Governor-Generals in our country. The first one was Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (1565-1572) and the last was Diego de los Rios (1898) Diego de los Rios Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
  • 10. The Governor General and other government officials had so much power that it was commonly abused. To investigate the abuses, there were bodies created: THE RESIDENCIA THE VISITA THE ROYAL AUDENCIA
  • 11. THE RESIDENCIA This was a special judicial court that investigates the performance of a Governor General who was about to be replaced. The Residencia, of which the incoming Governor General was usually a member, submitted a report of its findings to the King.
  • 12. THE VISITA The Council of the Indies in Spain sent a government official called the VISITADOR GENERAL to observe conditions in the colony. The Visitador General reported his findings directly to the king.
  • 13. The highest court in the land during the Spanish times. THE ROYAL AUDENCIA
  • 15. THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT The Spaniards created Local Government Units (LGU) for the provinces. There were two types of local government units: ALCALDIA CORRIGIMIENTO Alcalde Mayor Corregidor Though they were paid a small salary, they enjoyed privileges such as the INDULTO DE COMERCIO or the right to participate in the GALLEON TRADE.
  • 16. THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT The ALCADIA, led by the Alcalde Mayor governed the provinces. DUTIES OF THE ALCALDE MAYOR:  They represented the Spanish king and the Governor-General  They managed the day-to-day operations of the provincial government  Implemented laws and supervised the collection of taxes
  • 17. THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT The CORREGIMIENTO, headed by Corregidor governed the provinces that were not yet entirely under Spanish control.
  • 18. THE CITY GOVERNMENT Larger towns became cities called AYUNTAMIENTO. It became the center of trade and industry. The ayuntamiento had a city council called the CABILDO CABILDO is composed of: ALCALDE (MAYOR) REGIDORES (COUNCILLORS) ALGUACIL MAYOR (POLICE CHIEF) ESCRIBANDO (SECRETARY)
  • 19. THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT Each province was divided into several towns or pueblos headed by GOBERNADORDCILLOS (Little Governor) MAIN DUTIES: Efficient governance and tax collection. FOUR LIEUTENANTS AIDED THE GOVERNARDORCILLO: the Teniente Mayor (chief lieutenant), the Teniente de Policia (police lieutenant), the Teniente de Sementeras (lieutenant of the fields) the Teniente de Ganados (lieutenant of the livestock)
  • 20. GOBERNADORDCILLOS  They had SMALL SALARIES but were exempted from PAYING TAXES. QUALIFICATIONS: Any NATIVE or CHINESE MEZTIZO 25 years old Literate in ORAL or WRITTEN SPANISH Cabeza de Barangay for 4 years Ex: Emilio Aguinaldo
  • 21. CABEZA DE BARANGAY (Barrio Administrator or Barangay Captain)  Responsible for the peace and order of the barrio  Recruited men for public works QUALIFICATIONS:  Cabezas should be literate in Spanish.  Have good moral character and property.  Cabezas who served for 25 years were exempted from forced labor.