CEFRIEL-DEI_DellaValle-Facca_SWE-ET

S EMANTIC W EB E ENGINEERING -E ENVIRONMENT & T OOLS MODEL-DRIVEN SEMANTIC WEB SERVICE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
TEAM
M. Brambilla, A. Carenini, I. Celino, S. Ceri, D. Cerizza, E. Della Valle, F. M. Facca and A. Turati
IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca Emanuele Della Valle CEFRIEL – Politecnico di Milano email: [email_address] web: http://swa.cefriel.it Federico M. Facca Politecnico di Milano email: [email_address] web: http://www.webml.org LECTURERS

IT should be responsive to change! IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 Today’s IT architectures, arcane as they may be, are the biggest roadblocks most companies face when making strategic moves . --- McKinsey “ Flexible IT, Better Strategy” “ It is not necessarily the strongest of the species that survives nor the most intelligent , but the one that is most responsive to change .” --- Charles Darwin

Two roads: SOA or Web 2.0? IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43

SOA unique selling points IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 Relative costs Adoption Deployment Maintenance Changes [source ZapThink http://www.zapthink.com/] Costs of different EAI approces Custom Integration Proprietary EAI solutions Web Services based EAI solutions SOA based EAI solutions

… mature integration model IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca 5/43 1 2 3 4 5 silos object component service SOA Maturità del modello di integrazione infrastructure architecture applications method IT seen from the business Function oriented modules structured Close platforms monolitic Function oriented modules Object oriented Close platforms a layers Function oriented components Component based Open platforms Component-based Service oriented service Service modeling W eb S ervices Client-server Service oriented Business Process made of services IT process modeling Web Services SOA

SOA allows to open-up the silos
A common problem faced by EAI is the integration of different existing application silos.
IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 […] Silos 1 Silos 2 Silos N

SOA allows to open-up the silos
… by identifying common components deployed in multiple silos and …
IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 […] Silos 1 Silos 2 Silos N

SOA allows to open-up the silos IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 Silos 1 Shared Services Outsourced Services Provider Customer Silos 2 … by rationalizing the architecture.

SOA provide great plumbing! IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43

WIKIs
Social Tagging
C2C e-commerce
User Review
Web 2.0 is a collection of success stories!
RSS
Blogs
Social Networks
Pod Casting
IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43

Web 2.0 success factors
Services, not packaged software
cost-effective scalability
Control over data sources
unique,
hard-to-recreate
that get richer as more people use them
Trusting users as co-developers
Harnessing collective intelligence
Leveraging the long tail through customer self-service
Lightweight
user interfaces
development model
business models

Web 2.0 provide great plumbing! IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43

Can SOA and Web 2.0 get combined? IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 SOA Web 2.0 plan design implement monitor

Similarities and differences IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 Web 2.0 SOA Software as service = Software as service Interoperability achieved using existing Web standards in new ways (i.e., Ajax + REST service) = Interoperability achieved proposing new “Web” standards (i.e., SOAP, WSDL, UDDI) Accent on platform = Accent on platform Encurage re-use  Allow re-use Rich and lightweight user interfaces  No user interfaces Participation  Governance

SOA and Web 2.0 nicely fit together! IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca Fonte: Babak Hosseinzadeh, IBM /43

Mash-up based on SOA: great plumbing! IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca Mash-up SOA /43

Is pluming enough? IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43

The problem is in the semantics! IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 to know what that format is. You have to agree on what the business objects look like. And no one has come up with a feasible way to work that out yet ...“ Oracle Chairman and CEO - Larry Ellison " Semantic differences remain the primary roadblock to smooth application integration , one which Web Services alone won't over-come. Until someone finds a way for applications to understand each other, the effect of Web services technology will be fairly limited. When I pass customer data across in a certain format using a Web Services interface, the receiving program has The problem is not in the plumbing, it is in the semantics ” Verizon Chief Scientist - M . L . Brodie

The great challenge
The process is not trivial. For each task
the most convenient service or data source is discovered either at design-time or at run-time . Heterogeneity in exchanged data and service behaviours is handled automatically.
IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 Integration Business Process Services Buyer 3rd Party Shipment Web as a world scale platform […] […] […] Mediator Mediator Legacy Mediator Mediator Comm. Mediator Mediator Mediator Mediator Mediator Mediator Legacy Mediator Mediator Legacy Mediator Mediator Mediator Mediator Comm. Mediator Comm. Mediator Mediator Mediator

Coping with complexity… IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 Inspired by: J. Cardoso, C. Bussler, A. Sheth, D. Fensel, Semantic Web Services and Processes , October 2002 A4 A1 A4 A1 A2 A1 A2 A1 B3 A4 A2 A1 B3 A1 B3 A1 A1 A2 A1 A4 A4 A2 A1 A4 A4 A2 A1 A2 A2 A1 B3 A1 A1 A2 A1 A1 A1 B3 A1 A1 A1 A1 A4 A4 A4 A1 A1 A2 A1 A4 A1 A1 A1 A1 B3 B3 A2 A4 A1 A1 A2 A1 A1 A2 A1 A1 A1 A1 B3 A4 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A4 B3 B3 B3 B3 A1 B3 A4 B3 A1 A4 A1 A4 A2 A2 A1 A1 A1 A1 A4 A1 A1 A1 A2 A1 A4 A1 A4 B3 A1 A1 A4 A2 A4 A1 A1 A2 B3 A1 A2 A2 A1 A1 B3 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A4 B3 A2 A1 A4 A1 A1 A1 A4 A1 B3 A1 A2 A2 A1 A4 A2 A1 A2 A1 A1 A1 A2 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 B3 B3 A4 A4 A1 A4 A2 A1 A4 If you have few services and data source you want to support several simple mashup But, if you have lot of services and data sources and you want to support complex business process? B8 A1 A4 A1 A2 A4 B3 A1 A4 A6 A2 A5 A4 A1 A4 A1 A1 B3 B3 A1 A1 B3 A1 A1 A4 A4 A1 A1 A4 A1 A2 A1 B3 A1 A4 A4 A1 A2 A2 B3 A2 Few services and data sources Simple mashup Lot of complex services and data sources Complex Business Process A ? C D N1 N2 F E

Where semantics is in SOA?
In concrete situation a strong agreement on semantics is needed
IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 Publish Service provider Service requester Discovery Agencies Discover Interact Provider Human Requester Human Provider Entity Requester Entity WSD + WSD + Sem AGREE WSD ? Sem ? Sem

Could machine process semantics?
We need some mechanism for encoding semantics in a machine processable way
IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 Discovery Agencies Publish Service provider Service requester Interact Provider Human Requester Human Provider Entity Requester Entity AGREE Sem Discover + Sem WSD ! WSD + Sem WSD WSD + Sem WSD ? Sem WSD + Sem WSD

We may use Semantic Web technologies
Il Semantic Web offers
ontologies ( ) to share the formal agreement among human and machines
metadata ( ) to make semantics machine processable
mediators ( ) to bypass heterogeneity
IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 Discovery Agencies Publish Service provider Service requester Interact Provider Human Requester Human Provider Entity Requester Entity AGREE Sem Discover + Sem WSD ontologia WSD + Sem WSD WSD + Sem WSD ? Sem WSD + Sem WSD META META META META META META

e.g., WSMO: W eb S ervice M odeling O ntology
WSMO consists of four different main elements for describing semantic web services:
ontologies ( ) that provide the terminology used by other elements
goals ( ) that define the problems that should be solved by web services
web services ( ) descriptions that define various aspects of a web service
mediators ( ) which bypass interpretability problems.
IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 WSMO language WSMO execution G

A Semantic Web Service Challenge IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 http://sws-challenge.org sponsored by organized by Mediation Discovery

State-of-the-art and SWE-ET innovation
Semantic Web Services (SWS) have a great potential
easy web service discovery
automatic web service integration
easy interoperability
…
Till now SWS are rarely used in practice
annotations are an extra cost
Software Engineering (SE) tools and methodologies can push the use of SWS
model driven development techniques can be improved to include annotation and generate Semantic Web Services
SWE-ET key innovations are
a SE approach in developing SWS application
a comprehensive set of tools
automatic generation of semantic annotations
integration of Semantic Web Service Discovery

The SWE-ET approach IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 Business Process Modeling Software (Web) engineering http://www.bpmn.org/ BPMN http://www.webml.org/ Semantic Web Services SWE-ET http://www.wsmo.org/ S emantic W eb (services) E ngineering E nvironment and T ool http://glue.cefrie.it

WebML and WebRatio at work IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 /43 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca

GLUE as discovery engine
GLUE
is a WSMO compliant discovery engine
it aims at developing an efficient system for the manage- ment of Semantic Web Services and their discovery
adopts a mediator centric approach
Provider and requester don’t have necessarily to agree on using the same set ontologies in describing their goals and Web Services,
But , they only have to agree in using compatible ontologies and in coding how to bypass heterogeneity using mediators:
ggMediators are used for goal refinement
wgMediators are used for discovery
IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 c 2 a c 5 c 1 c 2 c 3 c 4 a b b b c 2 REQUESTER PROVIDERS ggMediator (goal refinement) wgMediator (discovery) Class of WS C Class of Goals A Class of Goals B

SWE-ET: Extended WebML framework IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 SWS WebML S emantic W eb S ervice Application

The SWE-ET development process
We adopt a development process in line with the classic Boehm’s Spiral model extended with semantic importing and annotation.
IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 Reuse of existing ontological data source Specialized units for advanced queries over semantic data and annotation extraction

Model-Driven SWS application development
The result is a top-down approach to the development of applications employing Semantic Web Services, that combines semantic methods and tools with Software Engineering ones.
IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 WSML Goal WSML WS Choreography WSML WS Capability WSML Ontology Ontology importing and/or semantic annotation Automatic code generation Business process modeling WF-driven WebML generator Web application modeling BPMN model WebML skeleton Running application WebML data model WebML hypertext model WSML Ontology Generator WSML WS Capabilty Generator WSML WS Chor. Generator WSML Goal Cap. Generator

the discovery scenario
Problem statement: find the best shipment service keeping into account:
pick up location and time (espressed in accordance with timezone),
destination and expected delivery date-time,
price (expressed in $, €, ect.),
weigth and dimension (also expressed in different units)
29 Novembre 2006, La dimensione semantica dell’IT, Roma Author: E. Della Valle - SWA © CEFRIEL-DEI /43 Read out more: http://sws-challenge.org/wiki/index.php/Scenario:_Shipment_Discovery Discovery

SWE-ET at work BPMN modeling
We used the WebML Business Process Modeling tool to model the discovery process that was informally described by the SWS challenge organizers

SWE-ET at work Design of the Data Model in WebML
We model the shipment ontology in WebML using its extended Entity-Relationship and constraint language.
IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 ShipmentService where ShipmentService.shipTo not in ShipmentService . locatedIn Self TO Europe where Self.locatedIn isa Europe

SWE-ET at work Extraction of the Ontologies
The expressivity of WebML is close to WSML-Flight
This makes converting WebML data models in WSML Flight easy.
concept EuropeanShipmentService subConceptOf InternationalShipmentService
nfp dc#relation hasValue { EuShipmentServiceDef } endnfp
axiom EuShipmentServiceDef
definedBy
?x memberOf InternationlShipmentService and hasLocation(?x,?nation)
and ?nation memberOf Europe
implies ?x memberOf EuropeanShipmentService.
IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 InternationalShipmentService( as SuperEntity ) where InternationalShipmentService.hasLocation isa Europe

Once the business process is designed, workflow constraints are turned into navigation constraints among the hypertext activities pages and into data queries on the workflow metadata for checking the status of the process .
This applies both to
the human-consumed pieces of contents (i.e., site interfaces) and
to the machine-consumed contents (i.e., Services interactions).
SWE-ET at work Design of User and Service Interfaces IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43

Semantics coded in the Discovery Engine
SOA Aspects
Goal come proposto in WSMO
Web Service come proposto in WSMO
WebService-to-Goal-Mediator in cui sono codificate le regole di matching
Temporal Aspects
concept dateAndTime subConceptOf instant
date ofType (1 1) date
time ofType (1 1) time
axiom beforeDateAndTime definedBy
before(?x,?y) :-?x[date hasValue ?xd, time hasValue ?xt] memberOf dateAndTime and
?y[date hasValue ?yd, time hasValue ?yt] memberOf dateAndTime and
(before(?xd,?yd) or (equal(?xd,?yd) and before(?xt,?yt))).
Geographical Aspects
concept location
concept worldwide subConceptOf location
concept europe subConceptOf worldwide
axiom check ContainmentOf PickupLocation definedBy
satisfied(?request, ?provider) :-
?request[pickupLocation hasValue ?x] and ?provider[pickupLocations hasValue ?y] and
(?x = ?y or ?x subConceptOf ?y).
29 Novembre 2006, La dimensione semantica dell’IT, Roma Author: E. Della Valle - SWA © CEFRIEL-DEI /43

DEMO: Glue at work IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 Try it! http://webml.org/sws-challenge.html

Awards related to SWE-ET IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca /43 Links: http://sws-challenge.org/wiki/index.php/Workshop_Budva#Evaluation http://www-304.ibm.com/jct09002c/university/scholars/it/faculty_awards.html http://www.webml.org http://www.webratio.com http://glue.cefrie.it The most complete solution of Faculty Award 2006

Conclusions A comprehensive method and tool
SWE-ET is an approach for designing Semantic Web applications by exploiting software engineering techniques .
It offers a complete method for the semi-automatic extraction of WSMO elements by using existing software engineering abstractions. It supports the extraction of
WSML Flight Ontologies from the WebML data model and their registration as shared resources in WSMX .
WSMO Web Services functional capabilities for each Web Service modelled in WebML; non-functional capabilities should be added manually .
WSMO Web Services Choreography interfaces by combining information in the Business Process Model and in the WebML hypertext model .
WSMO goals (e.g., goals that triggers the Glue discovery engine) by gathering data required to perform a given action of the business process

Conclusions Future Work
With the current implementation of SWE-ET we provide a comprehensive methodology and a self-contained design approach for Semantic Web Service applications, but it lacks importing facilities for WSMO elements.
In order to overcome such limitation our next steps are
providing the possibility of importing ontologies , services and mediators descriptions,
defining a set of new WebML primitives for querying ontological information ,
incorporating WSMO elements as “first-class citizens” in the design process , lifting them up in the artifacts design hierarchy, so as to further improve and simplify the design of native WSMO elements.

Thank you for paying attention. IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA 2-11-2007 E. Della Valle and F.M. Facca Any Question ? /43

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CEFRIEL-DEI_DellaValle-Facca_SWE-ET

by Emanuele Della Valle on Nov 03, 2007

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CEFRIEL-DEI_DellaValle-Facca_SWE-ET — Presentation Transcript