Open Education and Libraries

…and Lib d Libraries i Ellyssa Kroski

OER Beginnings OER Beginnings • UNESCO conference 2002 UNESCO conference 2002 – “The open provision of educational resources, enabled by information and communication enabled by information and communication technologies, for consultation, use and adaptation by a community of users for non‐commercial purposes.”

Defining OER Defining OER • Digitized materials offered freely and openly Digitized materials offered freely and openly for educators, students and self‐learners to use and re use for teaching, learning and use and re‐use for teaching learning and research.

Open Educational Resources Open Educational Resources • Learning content Learning content – Full courses, courseware, learning objects, modules, etc. modules etc • Tools – Software which supports OER development use Software which supports OER development, use, delivery, search, etc. • Implementation Resources Implementation Resources – Intellectual property licenses which promote OER

Who s Who of OER Who’s Who of OER Producers Consumers Consumers • Higher Education • Lifelong learners Institutions • Students • International Organizations • Educators • National Governments

OER • Over 3,000 courses available from more than 300 , universities worldwide – 1,800 MIT – 200 + ParisTech 200 + ParisTech – 350+ Japan OpenCourseWare Consortium – 450+ China CORE Consortium – 100’s more from other OCW Consortium members • Thousands of learning objects available in repositories it i – 6,500+ Rice Connexions – 20,000+ MERLOT 20,000+ MERLOT

Open Courseware Consortium Open Courseware Consortium • Started in 2005 Started in 2005 • Over 200 Higher Education institutions & associations worldwide dedicating to creating associations worldwide dedicating to creating OCW – “A O “An OpenCourseWare i f C W is a free and open digital d di it l publication of high quality educational materials, organized as courses. organized as courses ” • Institutions must publish at least 10 courses

http://www.ocwconsortium.org

MIT OCW MIT OCW • Pilot site launched in Sept. 2002 with 50 courses • Now – 1 800 courses – nearly every course Now – 1,800 courses – nearly every course offered at MIT • Produce 200 new and updated courses each year p y • 2 million website visitors per month • $4 million each year to support OCW • Jointly funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, and MIT and MIT • Partners are translating courses into Spanish, g , p , Portuguese, Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, and Thai.

http://ocw.mit.edu

Connexions • Rice University ce U e s ty • Individual learning objects or modules from worldwide contributors • Went live in 2000 with 200 modules , • 6,602 modules in 385 collections or courses • Also provides tools for educators to build courses y • Funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation • Modules in many languages

http://cnx.org

MERLOT • S ce 99 Since 1997 • California State University System • Over 67,000 members Over 67,000 members • Over 20,000 Higher‐Ed learning materials – Quizzes, tests, tutorials, animations, lectures, Qu es, tests, tuto a s, a at o s, ectu es, podcasts, etc. – Links refer to external resources • Peer‐review • User comments & ratings

http://www.merlot.org

Johns Hopkins OCW Johns Hopkins OCW • Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health • Over 70 courses in the Health Sciences Over 70 courses in the Health Sciences • OCW Image Library provides educators with a collection of re‐usable images from courses ll i f bl i f • Funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation

http://ocw.jhsph.edu

http://ocw.jhsph.edu/imageLibrary

Open Yale Open Yale • Yale Center for Media and Instructional Yale Center for Media and Instructional Innovation • 7 undergraduate liberal arts courses 7 undergraduate liberal arts courses • 8 new courses slated for Fall 2008 • Video, audio, and text transcript • Funded by the William and Flora Hewlett y Foundation

http://oyc.yale.edu

Open University s OpenLearn Open University’s OpenLearn • UK initiative • Started in 2006 • Free access to course materials from The Open University • Nearly 500 Learning Units/Courses • S Separate Sites for Learners (LearningSpace) & t Sit f L (L i S )& Educators (LabSpace) • 5,400 learning hours of content in the LearningSpace 5,400 learning hours of content in the LearningSpace • 8,100 hours in the LabSpace • Funded by The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation y

http://openlearn.open.ac.uk

http://labspace.open.ac.uk

ParisTech OCW • French initiative French initiative • Started in November 2003 • “G d “Graduate School” is a consortium of S h l” i i f engineering institutions of ParisTech • Over 2,500 Teaching Resources – Lecture notes, exercises, yearly archives, simulations, animations, course notes, videos • Over 200 courses

http://graduateschool.paristech.org

University of Tokyo OCW University of Tokyo OCW • Started in 2005 with 10 courses Started in 2005 with 10 courses • Over 30 Courses • Available in Japanese and English il bl i d li h • Plans to create 10 courses/year

http://ocw.u‐tokyo.ac.jp/english

CORE • China Open Resources for Education p • Started in January 2005 • MIT OCW in China • Translating to Mandarin • Share Chinese OCW • Over 100 university members • 5 million students • Funded by The William and Flora Hewlett F d d b Th Willi d Fl H l Foundation and International Engineering gy Technology Educational Foundation

http://www.core.org.cn

Other suggestions • The Health Education Assets Library (HEAL) The Health Education Assets Library (HEAL) – Over 20,000 teaching resources for the health sciences – http://www.healcentral.org • UNESCO Open Training Platform p g – 2,700+ non‐academic training resources in a variety of categories – http://opentraining.unesco‐ci.org • Indian Institutes of Technology – Th Thousands of lectures on YouTube d fl t Y T b – http://www.youtube.com/nptelhrd • UC Berkeley on YouTube – Over 300 full‐lecture videos – http://www.youtube.com/usc • Curriki – Over 19,000 learning resources in all subjects. – h // http://www.curriki.org iki • Carnegie Mellon Open Learning Initiative (OLI) – 8 courses, available – http://www.cmu.edu/oli • Utah State University OpenCourseWare – Over 20 courses available – http://ocw.usu.edu

UNESCO OER Wiki •Portals and gateways •Repositories •OER development and publishing initiatives •Tools •Communities •Journals •Writing on OER http://oerwiki.iiep‐unesco.org

OER Commons OER Commons •Browse or search over 10,000 links •Search by grade level, license, subject, or language •Search by content type, ie. Syllabi, lesson plans, audio lectures, http://www.oercommons.org etc. •Facebook application

OCW Finder OCW Finder http://ocwfinder.com

Library Instruction Wiki Library Instruction Wiki • Since 2006 • Oregon Library Instruction Wiki Instruction Wiki • Handouts, tutorials, tips, tricks, etc. tips tricks etc http://instructionwiki.org

PRIMO • ACRL • P Peer‐Reviewed R i d Instructional Materials Online Materials Online Database • Nearly 200 quality Nearly 200 quality resources http://www.ala.org/apps/primo/public/search.cfm http://www ala org/apps/primo/public/search cfm • Authored by Authored by librarians

ANTS • Started by COPPUL now public • ANimated Tutorial Sharing Project • Over 60 open tutorials for online resources • Authored by http://tinyurl.com/5xgol3 librarians

Harvard Open Collections Program Harvard Open Collections Program • Offers access to historical resources Offers access to historical resources • From Harvard’s libraries, archives, and museums. museums • Started in 2002 with funding from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation d Fl H l F d i – "The goal of the Open Collections Program is to offer a new model for digital collections that will ff d l f di i l ll i h ill benefit students and teachers around the world."

http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu

Internet Archive Internet Archive • Founded to build an Internet Library Internet Library • Over 500,000 texts • 137,000 movies • Over 53,000 concerts • Over 300,000 audio recordings • Over 33,000 software apps • 85 billion archived webpages (Wayback Machine) http://www.archive.org

iTunes U iTunes U • 75,000 educational 75,000 educational audio and video files on iTunesU

Open Textbooks Open textbooks are free, open access textbooks Open textbooks are free open access textbooks which can be used without cost online and can be printed for a low cost. can be printed for a low cost

Make Textbooks Affordable Campaign Make Textbooks Affordable Campaign • Student PIRGS Student PIRGS • Advocate OA textbooks • Statement of Intent Statement of Intent • Course Correction: How Digital Textbooks are Digital Textbooks are Off Track and How to Set Them Straight http://www.maketextbooksaffordable.org

Textbook Revolution Textbook Revolution • Student‐run initiative Student run initiative • Open textbooks & free textbooks • Over 240 books http://www.textbookrevolution.org http://www textbookrevolution org

WikiBooks • Wikimedia Project j • Free library of open educational textbooks • Anyone can edit , p g • Over 32,000 pages http://en.wikibooks.org htt // ikib k

Global Text Project Global Text Project • Funded by the Jacobs Foundation. • Initiative by Terry College of Business a U‐Georgia & of Business a U Georgia & The Daniels College of Business at U ‐Denver. • Goal to create a free library of 1,000 electronic http://globaltext.terry.uga.edu texts for students in developing world

The Open Library The Open Library • A project of the Internet Archive A hi • Partially funded by the California State Library California State Library • One web page for every book • Over 18 million book pages • 335,101 with full‐text http://openlibrary.org • Links to Project Gutenberg texts, Internet G b Archive texts, & others

Internet Archive Internet Archive • Open Source Books • Contributed by the community • Over 19,000 items http://www.archive.org/details/opensource

http://www.flatworldknowledge.com http://oreilly.com/openbook http://www.ulib.org/index.html http://www.gutenberg.org

OER Drivers • Increased availability of "open" content – Increased availability of open content OSS/OA • New Open licenses for sharing content such as New Open licenses for sharing content such as GNU GPL and Creative Commons • Lower cost/availability of broadband Lower cost/availability of broadband • Web 2.0 • Gl b li i & i Globalization & increased collaboration and d ll b i d competition among countries & institutions • Ri Rise of mobile technologies i.e. iPods & cell f bil h l i i iP d & ll phones • G Growing expectations of users/students i i f / d • Rise of online/distance learning programs

Why do it? (Institutional) • Contribution to society by advancing education Contribution to society by advancing education • An opportunity for faculty to view & reuse each others' work • To create an archive of educational content • To offer services to/increase contact with alumni • To prepare incoming students To prepare incoming students • An institutional philosophy of open content • An opportunity to promote high quality OER content to the public • Recruitment of students & faculty • A chance to form partnerships with like‐minded sponsors • To share resources with developing nations • To allow others to build upon materials instead of re‐ creating them g • To leverage taxpayer’s dollars by sharing materials

Why do it? (Individual) • Altruistic – to support education and the Altruistic to support education and the global community • Publicity reputation increase Publicity ‐ reputation increase • Commercial benefits‐ to publicize a commercial version of the content i l i f h • Not worth the effort to keep resources closed • To bring down costs for students

Challenges • Copyright and licensing issues Copyright and licensing issues • Financial sustainability • Q li Quality Assurance

Economic/Funding Models Economic/Funding Models • Endowment • Sponsorship p p – Base funding establishes • Institutional Support an endowment, and uses the interest to run • Governmental Support initiative • Partnerships & Exchanges • Organizational • Volunteers Membership • Added‐Value Add d V l • Donations Products/Services • Conversion – User support, paper – Convert the learner into a copies, ask‐an‐expert paying student • Replacement • Contributor‐Pay

Future Needs Future Needs • Effective search and discovery tools Effective search and discovery tools • Metadata • Common Taxonomy C • Preservation of digital objects

Role of Librarians in OER Role of Librarians in OER • Create OER for: Create OER for: – Library instruction – Staff training g – Professional development • Develop Effective Search Strategies/Tools Develop Effective Search Strategies/Tools • Design Metadata Schemes & Taxonomies • Preserve OER in repositories Preserve OER in repositories • Educate faculty about OER • Refer patrons to OER R f t t OER

OER Blogs & Journals OER Blogs & Journals • Open Education ‐ Free Education for All p – http://www.openeducation.net • Open Education News – http://openeducationnews.org • OCW Blog – http://ocwblog org http://ocwblog.org • iterating toward openness – http://opencontent.org/blog p // p g/ g • Educational Technology – Special OER Issue – http://tinyurl.com/6rypv6

Books on OER Books on OER • OER Handbook for Educators – http://tinyurl.com/378xcy • Giving Knowledge for Free: The Emergence of Open Educational Resources (OECD) O Ed ti lR (OECD) – http://tinyurl.com/44zcal • Open Educational Practices and Resources OLCOS Open Educational Practices and Resources OLCOS Roadmap 2012 – http://tinyurl.com/5y8j22 • Introduction to Open Educational Resources – http://tinyurl.com/4ml6yv

Key Reports Key Reports • A Review of the Open Educational Resources (OER) Movement: Achievements, Challenges, and New Opportunities (Report to The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation) – http://tinyurl.com/3wl9r9 // / • Open Educational Resources; The Way Forward (UNESCO) – http://tinyurl.com/4u5d7a • On the Sustainability of Open Educational Resource Initiatives in Higher Education (D. Wiley for OECD's CERI) – http://tinyurl.com/4a7286 p // y / • Models for Sustainable Open Educational Resources (S. Downes) – http://tinyurl.com/3ekgoo

OER Interview OER Interview • St h D Stephen Downes • National Research Council, Canada Council Canada http://www.archive.org/details/StephenDownesInterview

An OER Kickstart An OER Kickstart 1. Look through the ANTS directory for tuts you . oo t oug t e S d ecto y o tuts you might use in your library. y g 2. Think about tutorials you might create. 3. Search the OCW Finder or the OCW Consortium and find a course you'd like to take. 4. Browse the UNESCO OER Wiki for initiatives 5. Start letting colleagues and patrons know about the types of free educational resources that are available for both teaching and learning.

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Open Education and Libraries

by Ellyssa Kroski

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