…and Libraries
Ellyssa Kroski

“Open‐access (OA) literature is
digital, online, free of charge, and
di i l li f f h d
free of most copyright and licensing
restrictions.”
‐Peter Suber

Budapest Open Access Initiative
• “By "open access" to this literature, we mean
By open access to this literature, we mean
its free availability on the public internet,
permitting any users to read, download, copy,
distribute, print, search, or link to the full
texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing,
pass them as data to software, or use them for
h d f h f
any other lawful purpose, without financial,
legal, or technical barriers other than those
legal or technical barriers other than those
inseparable from gaining access to the
internet itself.
internet itself ”

2 Types of Open Access
2 Types of Open Access
• Self‐Archiving
Self Archiving
– To archive on an article on a personal Web site,
blog, university Web page, OR
blog university Web page OR
– In an Institutional Repository or Disciplinary
Repository
– Referred to as Green OA
• OA Journals
OA Journals
– Referred to as Gold OA

Major Open Access Statements
Major Open Access Statements
• Budapest Open Access Initiative (February 2002)
p p ( y )
– http://tinyurl.com/6pmxf9
• Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing
(June 2003)
(J 2003)
– http://tinyurl.com/opsz2
• Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in t
he Sciences and the (October 2003)
– http://tinyurl.com/29zvvv
• IFLA Statement on Open Access to Scholarly Liter‐
ature and Research (2004)
– http://tinyurl com/5bj93u
http://tinyurl.com/5bj93u

Institutional Repositories
Disciplinary Repositories

Institutional Repositories
Institutional Repositories
• A database or repository containing the
p y g
intellectual output of an institution
• Scholarly articles
– Pre‐Prints
– Post‐Prints
• Dissertations
• Conference Papers
• Book Chapters
Book Chapters
• Data Sets
• Learning Objects
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Ohio State U s KnowledgeBank
Ohio State U’s KnowledgeBank
https://kb.osu.edu/dspace

MIT s DSpace
MIT’s DSpace
http://dspace.mit.edu

University of Southampton
University of Southampton
http://eprints.soton.ac.uk

Scholarly Commons@Penn
Scholarly Commons@Penn
http://repository.upenn.edu

MINDS @ UW
MINDS @ UW
http://minds.wisconsin.edu

Disciplinary Repositories
• A database or repository containing materials
p y g
relevant to a particular subject area
• Scholarly articles
– Pre‐Prints
– Post‐Prints
• Dissertations
• Conference Papers
• Book Chapters
Book Chapters
• Data Sets
• Learning Objects
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E LIS
E‐LIS
http://eprints.rclis.org

DList
http://dlist.sir.arizona.edu

arXiv
http://arxiv.org

RePEc
http://repec.org

PhilSci Archive
http://philsci‐archive.pitt.edu

PubMed Central
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov

Nature Precedings
http://precedings.nature.com

ROAR
•Registry of Open Access
Repositories
•Info & and Stats about
repositories – how many
how many
records, how much freely
available in full text,
available in full text
http://roar.eprints.org software, etc.
•Search by: software type
Search by: software type,
content type, country
•Deposits per day stats
Deposits per day stats

Open DOAR
•Directory of Open Access
Repositories
•Listings of over 1,200 OA
repositories
•Descriptions of
repositories, types of
repositories types of
content, software etc.
http://www.opendoar.org •Worldwide statistics
Worldwide statistics
charts

Digital Repository Software
Digital Repository Software

OAIster
• Open Access repository
& journal search
• 17 million records
• Articles photos video
Articles, photos, video,
audio, data sets,
manuscripts, finding aids
manuscripts finding aids
http://www.oaister.org
• OAI‐PMH ‐ Open
Archives Initiative
Archives Initiative
Protocol for Metadata
Harvesting

OAI: Open Archives Initiative
• Develops standard
p
metadata for repository
records
• Makes them harvestable
by search engines
by search engines
http://www.openarchives.org
http://www openarchives org
“Develops and promotes interoperability
“Develops and promotes interoperability
standards that aim to facilitate the efficient
dissemination of content.”

SHERPA/RoMEO
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•Lists 421 publishers in all
fields and their policies on
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self‐archiving
•67% of publishers allow
some form of self‐archiving g
http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo

SPARC Author
Addendum
SPARC A th Add d & id t
•SPARC Author Addendum & guide to author th
rights
•What are your rights as a journal article
author?
•Provides addendum to attach to publishing
agreement
•How to retain the right to self‐archive
http://tinyurl.com/4endnc

Why do it?
Why do it?
• Preservation
• Wide Dissemination
• Maximum Citation Impact
i Ci i
– OpenCit Project
– http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation‐biblio.html

NIH Public Access Policy
• December 2007
December 2007
• All those funded by the National Institute of
Health must submit their peer‐reviewed
Health must submit their peer reviewed
manuscripts to PubMed Central upon
acceptance for publication.
acceptance for publication
• No later than 12 months after publication

Harvard Arts & Sciences Faculty Open
Access Mandate
d
• Tuesday, Feb. 12, 2008
uesday, eb. , 008
• Arts & Sciences faculty voted to approve
• Grants Harvard permission to make scholarly
Grants Harvard permission to make scholarly
articles openly available on the Web & to exercise
copyright
• Faculty must provide a copy of their articles
• This was the first university mandate in the US.
• And the first anywhere to be initiated by faculty.
• Harvard Law School faculty followed suit in May
2008

Stanford University School of
Education Open Access Motion
d
• June 10 2008
June 10, 2008
• Faculty of the School of Education
• G
Grants Stanford permission to make scholarly
S f d i i k h l l
articles openly available on the Web & to
exercise copyright
i i h
• Faculty must provide a copy of their articles
no later than publication date
• Based on Harvard mandate

More Mandates
More Mandates
• European University Association (EUA) adopts OA
recommendations of Working Group on Open Access
recommendations of Working Group on Open Access
(January 2008)
• ERC Scientific Council Guidelines for Open Access
(December 2007)
(D b 2007)
• Howard Hughes Medical Institute BioMed Central Ope
n Access Publishing Agreement (Aug 2007)
g g ( g )
• Federal Research Public Access Act (FRPAA) (May 2006)
• Wellcome Trust (October 2005)
For more, see the Open Access Timeline
http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/timeline.htm

Open Access Journals
• Peer Reviewed Scholarly Journals
Peer‐Reviewed Scholarly Journals
• Freely and openly available on the Web
• No charge to readers
h d
• vs. Toll Access

PLOS: Public Library of Science
PLOS: Public Library of Science
http://www.plos.org

BMC Biology
gy
http://www.biomedcentral.com

Libres
http://libres.curtin.edu.au

Journal of Information Literacy
Journal of Information Literacy
http://tinyurl.com/yrd4le

First Monday
First Monday
http://tinyurl.com/3ndbep

Urban Library Journal
Urban Library Journal
http://lacuny.cuny.edu/ulj

Hybrid OA Journals
• Select articles are openly available
Select articles are openly available.

Cambridge University Journals
Cambridge University Journals

Wiley Blackwell
Wiley Blackwell
http://tinyurl.com/4g26hc

AIP
http://tinyurl.com/4hdlp9

CR&L Pre‐prints
http://tinyurl.com/4tqllk

DOAJ
y p
•Directory of Open Access
Journals
•Over 3,500 journals listed
•Over 1250 searchable at
article level
•Comprising 210 000
•Comprising 210,000
http://www.doaj.org articles

Open J Gate
Open J‐Gate
•Directory of Open Access
Journals
•Over 4,400 journals listed
http://www.openj‐gate.com

OA Benefits
• No cost to readers
• Faster and wider dissemination of research
• Citation Advantages – “Impact”
• Better chance of long‐term preservation of scholarly works
• Open exchange of ideas benefits society
• Resists a publishing model that has led to spiraling prices
p g p gp
• Changing a system which is taking money from library monograph
purchases
• Facilitates the development of new knowledge
• Disseminates the results of government‐funded research
• Increases ease for journalists and bloggers to link to articles
• Disseminates research to underserved and to developing nations
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• Frees people/teachers/librarians to make copies
• Scholars don’t have to start over with their research and re‐invent the
wheel, but continue on existing knowledge
• Lower cost to produce

OA Challenges
OA Challenges
• Prestige Gap
Prestige Gap
• Current trends in scholarly publishing
• S
Sustainability
i bili

Economic/Funding Models
Economic/Funding Models
• Added‐Value Products • Hybrid OA
– PDF versions, printed editions, etc.
i i d di i – Authors who choose for their
h h h f h i
• Advertising articles to be OA pay the APC
• Author Pays an Article Processing • Endowment
Charge (APC)
Charge (APC) – Journal establishes and
endowment and uses the interest
d d h i
– AIP Author Select ($1,800 US) to run publication
– Blackwell Online Open ($3,000 US)
• Fund‐Raising
– BMC ($2,115 US)
– PLOS Biology (2,850 US)
PLOS Biology (2 850 US) • Institutional Subsidies
– Funded by author, foundation, • Non‐OA Funding
government agency, institutional – Publisher funds OA journals with
membership profit from non‐OA publications
• Volunteers • Reprints
• Subsidized
– by an institution or government
agency

OA & Libraries
•Possible solution to the serials crisis.
•Solution to academic libraries paying for
articles twice.
•Scholarly publishing is now a multi‐billion
dollar international business.
dollar international business.
•Subscription hikes have caused libraries
steadily cut back on their journals, and
monographs.
http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/arlstats06.pdf

Open Access Directories
Open Access Directories
• OAIster
– http://www.oaister.org
• Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
– http://www.doaj.org
• Directory of Open Access Repositories: OpenDOAR
– http://www opendoar org
http://www.opendoar.org
• ARC: A Cross Archive Search Service
– http://arc.cs.odu.edu
p //
• Open J‐Gate
– http://www.openj‐gate.org

The Open Access Directory
The Open Access Directory
•Open access wiki
•Simmons College
•Guide to OA topics
http://oad.simmons.edu/oadwiki

Blogs
• Open Access News
p
– http://tinyurl.com/a64d8
• Open Access Librarian
– http://oalibrarian.blogspot.com
• Open and Shut
– http://poynder blogspot com
http://poynder.blogspot.com
• Caveat Lector
– http://cavlec.yarinareth.net
p // y
• Open Access Archivangelism
– http://openaccess.eprints.org

Listservs
• SPARC Open Access Forum
SPARC Open Access Forum
– http://tinyurl.com/4z5sx2
• Liblicense L
Liblicense‐L
– http://tinyurl.com/52op7q

Policy Directories
Policy Directories
• Sherpa Juliet – Research Funder’s Open Access
Sherpa Juliet Research Funder s Open Access
Policies
– http://www sherpa ac uk/juliet
http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/juliet
• ROARMAP: Registry of Open Access
Repository Material Archiving Policies
Repository Material Archiving Policies
– http://www.eprints.org/openaccess/policysignup

Business Side of OA
Business Side of OA
• OSI Guide to Business Planning for Launching a New
Open Access Journal
– http://tinyurl.com/3fhred
• OSI Guide to Business Planning for Converting a
OSI Guide to Business Planning for Converting a
Subscription‐based Journal to Open Access
– http://tinyurl.com/3z868e
• PLOS Whit P
PLOS White Paper: Publishing Open‐Access Journals
P bli hi O A J l
– http://tinyurl.com/44udas
• Open Doors and Open Minds: What Faculty Authors
p p y
Can Do To Ensure Open Access to Their Work Through
Their Institution
– http://tinyurl com/5bqh7m
http://tinyurl.com/5bqh7m

Books on OA
Books on OA
• Willinsky John (2006) The Access Principle:
Willinsky, John (2006) The Access Principle:
The Case for Open Access to Research and
Scholarship. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Scholarship Cambridge Mass : MIT Press
– http://dlist.sir.arizona.edu/1188/
• Jacobs N (Ed ) (2006)
Jacobs, N., (Ed.) (2006)
Open Access: Key Strategic, Technical and Eco
nomic Aspects Chandos Publishing: Oxford
Aspects. Chandos Publishing: Oxford.
– http://tinyurl.com/4byc8l

Resources
• Open Access Bibliography
– http://tinyurl.com/45zrel
• Guide to the Open Access Movement
– http://tinyurl.com/jxua6
• SPARC: Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition
h l l bl h l
– http://www.arl.org/sparc
• The Open Access Interviews by Richard Poynder
– h // i
http://tinyurl.com/4x7s2g
l / 2
• SOAN: SPARC Open Access Newsletter by Peter Suber
– http://tinyurl.com/3atwtb
• Fi t M d 5 P t P d t S i
First Monday 5‐Part Podcast Series on Openness 2.0
O 20
– http://www.firstmondaypodcast.org

OA Interview
OA Interview
• Peter Suber
Peter Suber
• Research Professor of
Philosophy at Earlham
p y
College
http://www.archive.org/details/PeterSuberInterview
h // h /d l/ b

OA Interview
OA Interview
• Dorothea Salo
Dorothea Salo
• Digital Repository
Librarian at University
y
of Wisconsin
http://www.archive.org/details/DorotheaSaloInterview
h // h /d l/ h l

Getting Started with OA
Getting Started with OA
• Self‐Archiving
– Read Sparc Author’s Addendum Brochure
– Look up journal in SHERPA/RoMEO
– Archive materials in E‐LIS and or other repository
p y
– Adopt, educate librarians, researchers, faculty, etc.
• Research
– Browse DOAJ OA journals
Browse DOAJ OA journals
– Search OAIster
– Read OA journals and articles
• Advocacy
Advocacy
– Educate other librarians
– Educate Faculty
– Teaching others research potential of OAIster & other OA tools
Teaching others research potential of OAIster & other OA tools

Image Credits
Image Credits
• Slide 2: http://tinyurl com/69y39h
Slide 2: http://tinyurl.com/69y39h
• Slide 61: http://tinyurl.com/69y39h