URBAN DESIGN POLITICS AND POLITICS OF PUBLIC REALM

QUESTIONS – PUBLIC REALM Does the physical public realm simply consist of all the open spaces outside the private domain of building interiors, secluded courtyards and gardens ? Is it everything that can be perceived by senses from places to which everybody has right of access ? Do public has FREEDOM of ACCESS ?

URBAN DESIGN IN AUTOCRATIC & DEMOCRATIC SOCIETIES

Autocratic Society Centralized Planning Based Government / Leader Opinions Not Subject to any Control from Citizens Large Scale Ruthless Example: Haussmanisation of Paris Redevlopment of Bucharest under Ceausescu Berlin Olympic under Hitler Via della Conciliazione under Mussolini Democratic Society Legislated Planning Based on mutual decisions Subject to any Control from Citizens Urban Renewal to Large Scale Example: Postdamer Platz – Renzo Piano Guggenheim Bilbao – Frank Gehry

Via della Conciliazione BEFORE

Via della Conciliazione AFTER

HOW ABOUT AUTOCRATIC Developments in Democratic Societies ? Large Quantity Housing Estates Example: Lippo Karawaci Bumi Serpong Damai Summarecon Serpong Alam Sutera …… ……

FOUR GENERIC TYPES OF URBAN DESIGN WORK

TOTAL URBAN DESIGN Urban designer is part of the development team that carries a scheme through from inception to completion ALL-OF-A-PIECE URBAN DESIGN Urban design team devises a master plan and sets the parameter within which a number of the developers work on components of the overall project PIECE BY PIECE URBAN DESIGN General policies and procedures are applied to a precinct of a city in order to steer development in specific directions PLUG IN URBAN DESIGN The design goal is create the infrastructure so that subsequent developments can ‘plug in’ to it or, alternatively, a new elements of infrastructure is plugged into the existing urban fabric

TOTAL URBAN DESIGN LARGE SCALE DEVELOPMENT DESIGN FOR PUBLIC REALM AND BUILDINGS Design/Planning holds total development and design control Infrastructure and buildings designed as a unit POWER IN FINANCIAL AND POLICY

Boulevardul Victori Socialismului (Avenue of the Victory of Socialism) NOW Unirii Boulevard

3.5KM in length 92 metres in width

ALL OF A PIECE URBAN DESIGN Developed by different urban designer/firm Built accordance to UDGL (Urban Design GuideLines)

PIECE BY PIECE URBAN DESIGN Improving the Quality of Precincts of existing cities Begins with generalized mental image of how an area should perform What it should to get that performance ? District Design / Specific Building Types and/or other facilities within a particular percinct

NEW YORK DISTRICTS – theater district

1 Astor Place – Gwathmey Siegel & Assoc.

PLUG IN URBAN DESIGN Background: Destruction effect of FALSE infrastructure project (such as inner city highway) Implementation of an infrastructure project

Singapore MRT System