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RELIGION AND THE 
CHURCH
Religious Diversity 1 
• Britain is a Christian state and most people 
living in Britain are Christian. 
• Britain: one of the most religiously diverse 
populations in the Europe. 
• British free to choose their religious beliefs. 
• Christianity main religion, 
• Large communities of Muslims, Sikhs, Hindus 
and Jews, and smaller communities of Baha'is, 
Buddhists, Jains and Zoroastrians.
Religious diversity 
2001 census: 
• Christian (Anglican, Roman Catholic, 
Presbyterian, Methodist) 71.6%, 
• Muslim 2.7%, 
• Hindu 1%, 
• other 1.6%, (Jews 0.5%) 
• unspecified or none 23.1%
CHURCH OF ENGLAND 
• Church and State never dissociated 
• The Church of England is the 
Established (Official) Church 
• Variety of Christian Denominations: 
Methodists, Baptists and the United 
Reformed Church
History 
Until 1530’ Britain was Catholic 
Rallied Protestantism in 16th 
Century 
Henry VIII needed the 
agreement of the pope to 
divorce from Ann Boleyne 
1533 Act of Supremacy: 
Henry declared to be “The only 
Supreme Head on earth of the 
Church of England.” 
England broke from the 
Roman Catholic Church to 
form the Anglican Church.
Reformation 
• The church of England Independent 
from Rome and the Pope 
• Dissolution of monasteries 
• Confiscation of goods 
• Prosecution of Catholics
Catholicsm vs Protestantism 
Catholics Protestants 
Pope Heads the church, Vicar of Christ No human is infallible and 
Jesus alone heads up the 
Church 
Big Fancy 
Cathedrals 
“humanity must discover its unity 
and salvation” within a church. 
All Christians can be saved, 
regardless of church 
membership. 
Saints Pray to saints (holy dead people) 
in addition to God and Jesus. 
acknowledge saints, but don’t 
pray to them 
Celibacy & Nuns Catholics only Priests/Pastors can marry 
Scripture Tradition & bible Only the word of god 
Interpretation Only the pope can interpret the 
bible 
Individual Interpretation 
Confession of sins To God through priests To God through Jesus
Confession of Sins
Predestination 
• All men predestined by God to be doomed or 
saved after death 
• God’s decision not to be altered by human deeds 
• God’s grace not to be bought by confession 
• Individual alone in the eyes of God 
• Catholicism : a series of intermediaries between 
God and man Vs Individual responsibility
Contemporary Issues 1 
• The Monarch retains the title Defender of the 
Faith and is still the Supreme Governor of the 
Church 
• The Church of England has a legislative role 
• Twenty-six bishops (including the two 
Archbishops) sit in the House of Lords and are 
known as the Lords Spiritual.
Contemporary Issues 2 
• Conservatism 
• Disagreement 
• Thatcher’s social policy and Blair’s policy over 
Iraq 
• Ordination of women priesthood 
• Religious remarriage of divorced couples
Jews 
• Violent persecution 
in the Middle 
Ages(York massacre 
1190) 
• Expelled by Edward I 
in 1290 
• Allowed back in 
1657 in exchange for 
finance
Muslims 
• 1890 first mosque on British soil 
• Pakistan and Bangladesh 
• Places of worship and welfare 
• Marriages celebrated by imams not valid 
• Muslim schools granted state funding 
• 8 muslim MPs and 12 muslim Peers 
• 9/11 and the 2005 London Bombings
Terrorist Attacks 
• 2005 London bombings: a series of 
coordinated bomb blasts that hit London's 
public transport in rush hour 
• 52 people were killed & also the 4 bombers: 
British Muslims, three of Pakistani and one of 
Jamaican origin motivated by Britain's 
involvement in the Iraq War and other 
conflicts
• British media 
has been 
criticised for 
propagating 
negative 
stereotypes of 
Muslims and 
fueling anti- 
Muslim 
prejudice
Comment on the 
following

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Religion and the church in the UK

  • 2. Religious Diversity 1 • Britain is a Christian state and most people living in Britain are Christian. • Britain: one of the most religiously diverse populations in the Europe. • British free to choose their religious beliefs. • Christianity main religion, • Large communities of Muslims, Sikhs, Hindus and Jews, and smaller communities of Baha'is, Buddhists, Jains and Zoroastrians.
  • 3. Religious diversity 2001 census: • Christian (Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist) 71.6%, • Muslim 2.7%, • Hindu 1%, • other 1.6%, (Jews 0.5%) • unspecified or none 23.1%
  • 4. CHURCH OF ENGLAND • Church and State never dissociated • The Church of England is the Established (Official) Church • Variety of Christian Denominations: Methodists, Baptists and the United Reformed Church
  • 5. History Until 1530’ Britain was Catholic Rallied Protestantism in 16th Century Henry VIII needed the agreement of the pope to divorce from Ann Boleyne 1533 Act of Supremacy: Henry declared to be “The only Supreme Head on earth of the Church of England.” England broke from the Roman Catholic Church to form the Anglican Church.
  • 6. Reformation • The church of England Independent from Rome and the Pope • Dissolution of monasteries • Confiscation of goods • Prosecution of Catholics
  • 7. Catholicsm vs Protestantism Catholics Protestants Pope Heads the church, Vicar of Christ No human is infallible and Jesus alone heads up the Church Big Fancy Cathedrals “humanity must discover its unity and salvation” within a church. All Christians can be saved, regardless of church membership. Saints Pray to saints (holy dead people) in addition to God and Jesus. acknowledge saints, but don’t pray to them Celibacy & Nuns Catholics only Priests/Pastors can marry Scripture Tradition & bible Only the word of god Interpretation Only the pope can interpret the bible Individual Interpretation Confession of sins To God through priests To God through Jesus
  • 9. Predestination • All men predestined by God to be doomed or saved after death • God’s decision not to be altered by human deeds • God’s grace not to be bought by confession • Individual alone in the eyes of God • Catholicism : a series of intermediaries between God and man Vs Individual responsibility
  • 10. Contemporary Issues 1 • The Monarch retains the title Defender of the Faith and is still the Supreme Governor of the Church • The Church of England has a legislative role • Twenty-six bishops (including the two Archbishops) sit in the House of Lords and are known as the Lords Spiritual.
  • 11. Contemporary Issues 2 • Conservatism • Disagreement • Thatcher’s social policy and Blair’s policy over Iraq • Ordination of women priesthood • Religious remarriage of divorced couples
  • 12. Jews • Violent persecution in the Middle Ages(York massacre 1190) • Expelled by Edward I in 1290 • Allowed back in 1657 in exchange for finance
  • 13. Muslims • 1890 first mosque on British soil • Pakistan and Bangladesh • Places of worship and welfare • Marriages celebrated by imams not valid • Muslim schools granted state funding • 8 muslim MPs and 12 muslim Peers • 9/11 and the 2005 London Bombings
  • 14. Terrorist Attacks • 2005 London bombings: a series of coordinated bomb blasts that hit London's public transport in rush hour • 52 people were killed & also the 4 bombers: British Muslims, three of Pakistani and one of Jamaican origin motivated by Britain's involvement in the Iraq War and other conflicts
  • 15. • British media has been criticised for propagating negative stereotypes of Muslims and fueling anti- Muslim prejudice
  • 16. Comment on the following