Model-Driven Software Development - Introduction & Overview

Model-Driven Software Development Lecture1: Introduction & Overview Course IN4308 Eelco Visser Master Computer Science http://eelcovisser.org Delft University of Technology Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Source: Automatiseringsgids January 16, 2010 Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Source: Automatiseringsgids January 16, 2010 “Generator spits out ‘mobile’ applications” “Steape has developed a code generator that automatically generates code for a range of mobile phones” Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Software Engineering implement Problem Solution Domain Domain validate Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Programming Languages Wednesday, February 3, 2010

"A programming language is low level when its programs require attention to the irrelevant." Alan J. Perlis. Epigrams on Programming. SIGPLAN Notices, 17(9):7-13, 1982. Wednesday, February 3, 2010

What do programming languages provide to reduce attention to the irrelevan? Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Machine Language to Assembly Language Program I-I. Disassembly. ., 0360 A9 01 LDA #$01 ., 0362 A0 00 LDY #$00 “Let's examine some advantages ., 0364 99 00 80 STA $8000,Y of ML, starting with the main ., 0367 99 00 81 STA $8100,Y one - ML runs extremely fast.” ., 036A 99 00 82 STA $8200,Y ., 036D 99 00 83 STA $8300,Y ., 0370 C8 INY ., 0371 D0 F1 BNE $0364 ., 0373 60 RTS . Machine Language 169 1 160 0 153 0 128 153 0 129 153 130 153 0 131 200 208 241 96 BASIC 5 FOR I=1 TO 1000: PRINT "A";: NEXT I Source: http://www.atariarchives.org/mlb/introduction.php Wednesday, February 3, 2010

From Instructions to Expressions mov &a, &c c = a add &b, &c c += b mov &a, &t1 t1 = a sub &b, &t1 t1 -= b and &t1,&c c &= t1 c = (a + b) & (a - b) Source: http://sites.google.com/site/arch1utep/home/course_outline/translating-complex-expressions-into-assembly-language-using-expression-trees Wednesday, February 3, 2010

From Calling Conventions to Procedures calc: push eBP ; save old frame pointer mov eBP,eSP ; get new frame pointer sub eSP,localsize ; reserve place for locals . . ; perform calculations, leave result in AX . mov eSP,eBP ; free space for locals pop eBP ; restore old frame pointer ret paramsize ; free parameter space and return push eAX ; pass some register result push byte[eBP+20] ; pass some memory variable (FASM/TASM syntax) push 3 ; pass some constant call calc ; the returned result is now in eAX http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calling_convention f(x) { ... } f(e1,e2,...,en) Wednesday, February 3, 2010

From Malloc/Free to Automatic Memory Management /* Allocate space for an array with ten elements of type int. */ int *ptr = (int*)malloc(10 * sizeof (int)); if (ptr == NULL) { /* Memory could not be allocated, the program should handle the error here as appropriate. */ } else { /* Allocation succeeded. Do something. */ free(ptr); /* We are done with the int objects, and free the associated pointer. */ ptr = NULL; /* The pointer must not be used again, unless re-assigned to using malloc again. */ } http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malloc int [] = new int[10]; /* use it; gc will clean up (hopefully) */ Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Abstractions in Progamming Languages - Structured control-ﬂow ★ if-then-else, while - Procedural abstraction ★ procedures, ﬁrst-class functions (closures) - Memory management ★ garbage collection - Data abstraction ★ abstract data types, objects - Modules ★ inheritance, traits, mixins Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Abstraction Scala garbage collection objects Programming Languages expressions structured control-ﬂow procedures machine Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Linguistic Abstraction design abstraction language A language B use new abstraction identify pattern Wednesday, February 3, 2010

High-level languages reduce problem/solution gap Problem HLL Machine Domain Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Do HLLs eliminate all irrelevant detail? What about - data persistence - data services - concurrency - distribution - access control - data invariants - workﬂow - ... Wednesday, February 3, 2010

What is the next level of abstraction? Problem HLL Machine Domain Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Model-Driven Software Development Problem Model HLL Machine Domain models further reduce gap between problem domain and implementation Wednesday, February 3, 2010

What is a model? Wednesday, February 3, 2010

What is a model? model thing abstraction of thing abstraction = forgetting details Wednesday, February 3, 2010

What is a model? “A model is a simpliﬁcation of a system built with an intended goal in mind. The model should be able to answer questions in place of the actual system.” Jean Bézivin Wednesday, February 3, 2010

What is a model? “A model is an abstraction of a (real or language based) system allowing predictions or inferences to be made.” Kuehne Wednesday, February 3, 2010

What is a model? “Models help in developing artefacts by providing information about the consequences of building those artefacts before they are actually made.” Ludewig Wednesday, February 3, 2010

What is a model? “A model of a system is a description or speciﬁcation of that system and its environment for some certain purpose.” OMG Wednesday, February 3, 2010

What is a model? A model - is a simpliﬁcation of a system ★ abstraction, description, speciﬁcation, information - can answer questions in place of actual system ★ analysis, inference, predictions - is used for a purpose ★ understanding, planing, risk analysis, ... Wednesday, February 3, 2010

A model is a UML diagram simpliﬁcation? analysis? purpose? Wednesday, February 3, 2010

What is a model about? - Structure ★ Data ★ Architecture ★ Conﬁguration - Behaviour ★ User interface ★ Access control ★ Business process - About any aspects of a system Wednesday, February 3, 2010

A model can be a UML diagram ... Wednesday, February 3, 2010

A model can be a UML diagram ... ... but it can be any other representation ... e = x | e + e | e - e | f(e,...,e) ... that serves purpose of abstraction, analysis, etc. Wednesday, February 3, 2010

For what purposes are models used? Description - of something that exists Analysis - understanding of properties Blueprint - guidelines to build something Speciﬁcation - precise instruction for construction (code gen) Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) Vision from OMG - Models at different level of abstraction ★ Platform Independent Model (PIM) ★ Platform Speciﬁc Model (PSM) - Model transformation ★ e.g. PIM to PSM to implementation ★ transformations not necessarily automatic - UML as standard modeling language ★ models are ‘visual’ or ‘graphical’ Wednesday, February 3, 2010

‘Formal Methods’ Logic Problem HLL Machine Domain Wednesday, February 3, 2010

A critique of MDA & formal methods General purpose modeling languages - High coverage ★ large class of software systems - Low expressivity ★ irrelevant details ★ Requirements/implementation gap not reduced Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Domain-Speciﬁc Languages Problem DSL HLL Machine Domain domain-speciﬁc languages: models specialized to an application domain Wednesday, February 3, 2010

DSLs provide domain-speciﬁc ... Abstractions ★ directly represent domain concepts Concrete syntax ★ natural notation Optimization ★ based on domain assumptions Error checking ★ report errors in terms of domain concepts Tool support ★ interpreter, compiler, code generator, IDE Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Example Domain-Speciﬁc Languages (1) Spreadsheet ★ formulas, macros Querying ★ SQL, XQuery, XPath Graph layout ★ GraphViz Web ★ HTML, CSS, RSS, XML, XSLT ★ Ruby/Rails, JSP, ASP, JSF, WebDSL Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Example Domain-Speciﬁc Languages (2) Games ★ Lua, UnrealScript Modeling ★ UML, OCL, QVT Language processing ★ YACC, LEX, RegExp, ANTLR, SDF ★ TXL, ASF+SDF, Stratego Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Transformation Model analysis Model migration Model construct extract System Wednesday, February 3, 2010

External DSL Dedicated language ★ independent of host/target language (portable) ★ implementation with interpreter or compiler Advantages ★ language tuned to domain ★ domain-speciﬁc errors, analysis, optimizations Disadvantages ★ cost of learning new language ★ cost of maintaining language Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Internal DSL Library in HLL ★ Haskell, Scala, Ruby, ... ★ API is language ★ language features for ‘linguistic abstraction’ Advantages ★ host language = implementation language Disadvantages ★ host language = implementation language (encoding) ★ lack of portability ★ no domain-speciﬁc errors, analysis, optimization Wednesday, February 3, 2010

This Course Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Course Goal Learn to design and implement domain-speciﬁc languages Understand DSL design choices and make reasoned decisions about their application Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Application DSL Domain domain analysis language deﬁnition Programming abstraction Language Patterns Design Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Course Ingredients Lectures (14x) Designs (2x) Cases (6x) Exams (2x) Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Lectures (14x) Note: no lecture in week 4, moved to week 8 Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Domain Analysis & Data Modeling Lecture 2 Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Abstractions for the Web Lectures 3-5 Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Language Workbenches Lecture 6 Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Language Modeling Lectures 6-7 Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Transformation, Generation, Analysis Lectures 8-10 Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Customization Model generate customize Code Lecture 10 Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Advanced Topics - Economics ★ costs and beneﬁts of developing (with) DSLs - Evolution ★ maintenance of models and languages - Portability ★ supporting multiple platforms - Internal DSLs ★ library as a language - Language composition ★ combining multiple DSLs Lectures 12-14 Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Designs (2x) Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Designs (= lab project in pairs) Design 1 ★ Web Application with WebDSL • domain analysis • software development with a DSL Design 2 ★ DSL with Stratego & Spoofax/IMP • design and implement a DSL • use rule-based DSLs for language deﬁnition You propose web app and language to design ★ (We can give tips if you’re stuck) Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Cases (6x) Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Cases (= individual home work assignments) - Goals ★ understand and apply modeling approaches ★ solve small design problems ★ compare alternative solutions - Six cases ★ domain analysis and data modeling ★ web abstractions ★ language modeling ★ generation, transformation, analysis ★ customization ★ advanced topic Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Exams (2x) Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Exams Goals - test understanding of course material - small design problems - comparison of approaches When - midterm (after period 3) - ﬁnal (after period 4) - if(midterm >= 6) { make half of ﬁnal exam } Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Grading design := 0.4 * design1 + 0.6 * design2 exam := if(exam1 >= 6) { (exam1 + exam2)/2 } } else { exam2 } case := average(i : 1 to 6) { case[i] } final := 0.4 * design + 0.2 * case + 0.4 * exam pass := design1 >= 6 && design2 >= 6 && exam >= 6 && [c | c in case where c >= 6].length >= 4 Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Feedback This is a new course I’d like to get feedback early Not when it is too late to ﬁx Volunteers for feedback group? Short meeting Thursdays at start of lab Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Website http://department.st.ewi.tudelft.nl/course/IN4308 Wednesday, February 3, 2010

Schedule Lab this week: ★ Find a partner ★ Make design proposal for a web application ★ WebDSL tutorial Read ★ Czarnecki: Overview of Generative Development ★ Muller et al.: Modeling Modeling Next week ★ Domain analysis & data modeling No lecture week 4, moved to week 8! Wednesday, February 3, 2010

http://department.st.ewi.tudelft.nl	118
http://blog.eelcovisser.net	114
http://www.slideshare.net	37
http://eelcovisser.org	10
http://static.slidesharecdn.com	1

Model-Driven Software Development - Introduction & Overview

by Eelco Visser on Feb 03, 2010

Accessibility

Categories

Tags

Upload Details

Usage Rights

5 Embeds 280

Statistics

Model-Driven Software Development - Introduction & Overview — Presentation Transcript