Indo-European Language Tree

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+ guest84fb29 6 months ago
check the place of Armenia on the map lol
+ guest8ab609 7 months ago
Serbo-Croatian is not an artificial language - I believe that the vocabulary is very close to proto Indo-European. It is possible that the Italic and Celtic language group had mingled with the Slavic language group thousands of years ago. There are words that the Western/Southern Slavic branch use in common but they don’t share with the Eastern Slavs such as the Russians.
+ guest4c7ce6 9 months ago
You said while Persian/Pehlavi is the language of the Iranians, Pushto of the Pathans, Kurdish of the Kurds howcome you conspicously missed by saying that Baluchi is the language of the Baluch. If you can some time out and research about the history of the Baluch, it goes back to thousands of years..so old that including the Ensyclopedia Britanica could not ascertain who and from where the baloch actually came from....I have yet to find out proud to be a baloch myself with my first language as baluchi. A. Mustikhan
+ ardasto 2 years ago
Some parts of this video are quite detailed, with good educational traits but some are erroneous or superficially treated. For example, Hellenic, whose importance and virtues are paramount in history is mentioned only in passing. Also, Armenian had a large number of speakers throughout the ancient and medieval eras, a written alphabet since the 4th century A.D. and an important role in reconstructing proto-indo-european and preserving classical ancient literature. Armenia has been a kingdom throughout most of its history and is again an independent state. Armenian is not simply spoken in 'Eastern Turkey' or 'Georgia', unless you are using sources from the 18th or 19th century. But overall, I think this video is praiseworthy!
+ guestc5743d 2 years ago
Very interesting video!
+ guest77dc3d 2 years ago
NIce presentation, thank you! My conribution related to South Slavs. I am biologist interested in history, no linguist.

At region called Slavic or West Balkan (South East Europe), language is very serious political problem. Whole region could easy be compared to old America to Europeans of 15 th century. Europeans gave to this region wrong name (Balkan) according to some mountain in Bulgaria and Europeans gave wrong name to people here (Balkans) in ignorance as like as giving name to native 'Indians' there in New World. This confussion lasts even from Greek and Roman times. Greeks and Romans called all this people Illirs, mostly but many different tribes or nations lived there before Greeks and Romans came there. Modern Croatian language or Serbian language are two wery close artificial languages created in 20 th century by political will of elites of both nations with resistance of their nationalistic elites at both sides. Now this languages 'want' to be different, for need of policy and life again. Before this new standard unique language was created, Croats used even three dialects with rich tradition in editing books for centuries in each of three croatian dielects. Some of this dialects were very distant to each other and very different than Serbian language, too. One dialect of Croats was close to one dialect of Serbs and it gave idea to politicians and linguists to make unique language based on compromisses from both sides. Croatian people were influenced by Romanisation (Roman Impery, Venice, Italy) , Germanisation (Austria), Hungarisation (Hungary) and Arabisation (Turkey Impery) for centuries. This imperial giantic forces used to denie Croats to be nation, to have their own cultural identity and to have right to use their own croatian language in state services. But it was problem for Croats got right to use croatian in church mass and in communication among priests and common people in very early period of their history. Their language and even two unique letters are written in hard croatian stone. So croatian nobleman in parliament used to take old Latin rather than German or Hungarian. In a croatian region, a dialect of old Latin was in use even when it became dead language in other parts of Europe. In 20 th century some political and church croatian elites decided to come more closer to Serbs and to the other South Slavs, and to Bulgarians and to Checs, Slovaks even closer to Russians (panslavic and South slavic idealism originated in Croatia), than to foreign nations of other languages. The idea was to become more stronger in opposition to other great forces around. Another reason to make this decission was to create new language to get more close all Croats from different regions. So standard Croatian language at present time is not equal to common and still spoken language of all Croats. It is close to one groups of Croats and one group of Serbs only from a region in Bosnia and Herzegowina, but applied to all of them now. But school was dedicated to erase language differences and to change language identity of popolations. So all sides needed this Serbo-Croatian or Croato-Serbian for reason of better communication. It is like a regional swahili language useful to Croats, to Serbs, to nations in Bosnia (Croats, Muslims - Bosniacs, Serbs) and to MonteNegro people.

But language problem is of political nature and not solved again. After almost a century of Serbian domination and imperialistic plans of spreading to the nearby territory, denieing of national heritage and cultural identity of other south slavic brotherly nations in region of former Yugoslavia, dezintegration processes started. At first in minds, than in arms. So the problem of language and how to call it Croato-Serbian or Serbo-Croatian, or Croatian and Serbian and Bosnian still exists and is initiated from croatian not serbian side. Croats were first who started this process of language protection and emancipation. Croats decided to call their language to be Croatian, not Serbo-Croatian. Serbian linguistics and political elites didn’t like the idea and in former Yugoslav state this free thinking Croats deserved hundreds years of 'free accommodation' of hard prisons with criminals and other state enemies. Tens of thousands were under repression for spoken words or 'nationalistic songs'. They were labeled by Yugoslav authorities to be faschists etc. and it was hard for them to find job again, their children were not wellcomed like other etc. Many influenced and common pople were inprisoned only for this not important language reason, many emigrated, some killed in emigration and in prisons, thousands lost jobs for that etc. Many libraries and main civil cultural institution was forbiden to work. Some old Croatian dialacts are more closed to Ucrainian or to Czech, Slovak or to Polish than to standard Croatian or Serbo-Croatian as you call it. The most of present croatian linguists were employed in past time of Yugoslav repressive policy with Serbian linguistic unitaristic domination. Serbian approach was accepted by this servile croatian linguists in former Yugoslavia. So, Croats at present time don’t have critical mass of independent thinking authotrities willable to start individualisation of croatian language for all that carriers of professors were built in period of denieing of Croatian language and identity.

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Indo-European Language Tree - Presentation Transcript

Proto-Indo-European Lithuanian BALTIC TOCHARIAN Latvian BALTO-SLAVIC Polish WEST SLAVIC INDO-IRANIAN Slovak SLAVIC Czech SOUTH SLAVIC Bulgarian INDIC Macedonian EAST SLAVIC Serbo-Croatian IRANIAN GERMANIC Ukrainian SANSKRIT Russian Albanian Armenian Hindi Urdu NORTH GERMANIC Icelandic Persian Bengali CELTIC Norwegian Pahlavi Punjabi ANATOLIAN Swedish WEST GERMANIC Gujarati Pashto Danish Assamese Baluchi Lycian Romany HELLENIC EAST GERMANIC GAELIC Kurdish Hittite ITALIC English Lydian Frisian Gothic Irish Gaelic Dutch Scottish Gaelic LATIN GREEK BRYTHONIC Low German High German Portuguese Yiddish Welsh The Indo-European Language Family Spanish Breton Catalan This language tree is somewhat simplified to show French greater detail in the European side, particularly the Italian Germanic branch. Rumanian
Proto-Indo-European Lithuanian BALTIC TOCHARIAN Latvian BALTO-SLAVIC Polish WEST SLAVIC INDO-IRANIAN Slovak SLAVIC Czech SOUTH SLAVIC Bulgarian INDIC Macedonian EAST SLAVIC Serbo-Croatian IRANIAN GERMANIC Ukrainian SANSKRIT Russian Albanian Armenian Hindi Urdu NORTH GERMANIC Icelandic Persian Bengali CELTIC Norwegian Pahlavi Punjabi ANATOLIAN Swedish WEST GERMANIC Gujarati Pashto Danish Assamese Baluchi Lycian Romany HELLENIC EAST GERMANIC GAELIC Kurdish Hittite ITALIC English Lydian Frisian Gothic Irish Gaelic Dutch Scottish Gaelic LATIN GREEK BRYTHONIC Low German High German Portuguese Yiddish Welsh The Indo-European Language Family Spanish Breton Catalan This language tree is somewhat simplified to show French greater detail in the European side, particularly the Italian Germanic branch. Rumanian
Proto-Indo-European Lithuanian BALTIC TOCHARIAN Latvian BALTO-SLAVIC Polish WEST SLAVIC INDO-IRANIAN Slovak SLAVIC Czech SOUTH SLAVIC Bulgarian INDIC Macedonian EAST SLAVIC Serbo-Croatian IRANIAN GERMANIC Ukrainian SANSKRIT Russian Albanian Armenian Hindi Urdu NORTH GERMANIC Icelandic Persian Bengali CELTIC Norwegian Pahlavi Punjabi ANATOLIAN Swedish WEST GERMANIC Gujarati Pashto Danish Assamese Baluchi Lycian Romany HELLENIC EAST GERMANIC GAELIC Kurdish Hittite ITALIC English Lydian Frisian Gothic Irish Gaelic Dutch Scottish Gaelic LATIN GREEK BRYTHONIC Low German High German Portuguese Yiddish Welsh The Indo-European Language Family Spanish Breton Catalan This language tree is somewhat simplified to show French greater detail in the European side, particularly the Italian Germanic branch. Rumanian
Proto-Indo-European Lithuanian BALTIC TOCHARIAN Latvian BALTO-SLAVIC Polish WEST SLAVIC INDO-IRANIAN Slovak SLAVIC Czech SOUTH SLAVIC Bulgarian INDIC Macedonian EAST SLAVIC Serbo-Croatian IRANIAN GERMANIC Ukrainian SANSKRIT Russian Albanian Armenian Hindi Urdu NORTH GERMANIC Icelandic Persian Bengali CELTIC Norwegian Pahlavi Punjabi ANATOLIAN Swedish WEST GERMANIC Gujarati Pashto Danish Assamese Baluchi Lycian Romany HELLENIC EAST GERMANIC GAELIC Kurdish Hittite ITALIC English Lydian Frisian Gothic Irish Gaelic Dutch Scottish Gaelic LATIN GREEK BRYTHONIC Low German High German Portuguese Yiddish Welsh The Indo-European Language Family Spanish Breton Catalan This language tree is somewhat simplified to show French greater detail in the European side, particularly the Italian Germanic branch. Rumanian
Proto-Indo-European Lithuanian BALTIC TOCHARIAN Latvian BALTO-SLAVIC Polish WEST SLAVIC INDO-IRANIAN Slovak SLAVIC Czech SOUTH SLAVIC Bulgarian INDIC Macedonian EAST SLAVIC Serbo-Croatian IRANIAN GERMANIC Ukrainian SANSKRIT Russian Albanian Armenian Hindi Urdu NORTH GERMANIC Icelandic Persian Bengali CELTIC Norwegian Pahlavi Punjabi ANATOLIAN Swedish WEST GERMANIC Gujarati Pashto Danish Assamese Baluchi Lycian Romany HELLENIC EAST GERMANIC GAELIC Kurdish Hittite ITALIC English Lydian Frisian Gothic Irish Gaelic Dutch Scottish Gaelic LATIN GREEK BRYTHONIC Low German High German Portuguese Yiddish Welsh The Indo-European Language Family Spanish Breton Catalan This language tree is somewhat simplified to show French greater detail in the European side, particularly the Italian Germanic branch. Rumanian
Proto-Indo-European Lithuanian BALTIC TOCHARIAN Latvian BALTO-SLAVIC Polish WEST SLAVIC INDO-IRANIAN Slovak SLAVIC Czech SOUTH SLAVIC Bulgarian INDIC Macedonian EAST SLAVIC Serbo-Croatian IRANIAN GERMANIC Ukrainian SANSKRIT Russian Albanian Armenian Hindi Urdu NORTH GERMANIC Icelandic Persian Bengali CELTIC Norwegian Pahlavi Punjabi ANATOLIAN Swedish WEST GERMANIC Gujarati Pashto Danish Assamese Baluchi Lycian Romany HELLENIC EAST GERMANIC GAELIC Kurdish Hittite ITALIC English Lydian Frisian Gothic Irish Gaelic Dutch Scottish Gaelic LATIN GREEK BRYTHONIC Low German High German Portuguese Yiddish Welsh The Indo-European Language Family Spanish Breton Catalan This language tree is somewhat simplified to show French greater detail in the European side, particularly the Italian Germanic branch. Rumanian
Proto-Indo-European Lithuanian BALTIC TOCHARIAN Latvian BALTO-SLAVIC Polish WEST SLAVIC INDO-IRANIAN Slovak SLAVIC Czech SOUTH SLAVIC Bulgarian INDIC Macedonian EAST SLAVIC Serbo-Croatian IRANIAN GERMANIC Ukrainian SANSKRIT Russian Albanian Armenian Hindi Urdu NORTH GERMANIC Icelandic Persian Bengali CELTIC Norwegian Pahlavi Punjabi ANATOLIAN Swedish WEST GERMANIC Gujarati Pashto Danish Assamese Baluchi Lycian Romany HELLENIC EAST GERMANIC GAELIC Kurdish Hittite ITALIC English Lydian Frisian Gothic Irish Gaelic Dutch Scottish Gaelic LATIN GREEK BRYTHONIC Low German High German Portuguese Yiddish Welsh The Indo-European Language Family Spanish Breton Catalan This language tree is somewhat simplified to show French greater detail in the European side, particularly the Italian Germanic branch. Rumanian
Proto-Indo-European Lithuanian BALTIC TOCHARIAN Latvian BALTO-SLAVIC Polish WEST SLAVIC INDO-IRANIAN Slovak SLAVIC Czech SOUTH SLAVIC Bulgarian INDIC Macedonian EAST SLAVIC Serbo-Croatian IRANIAN GERMANIC Ukrainian SANSKRIT Russian Albanian Armenian Hindi Urdu NORTH GERMANIC Icelandic Persian Bengali CELTIC Norwegian Pahlavi Punjabi ANATOLIAN Swedish WEST GERMANIC Gujarati Pashto Danish Assamese Baluchi Lycian Romany HELLENIC EAST GERMANIC GAELIC Kurdish Hittite ITALIC English Lydian Frisian Gothic Irish Gaelic Dutch Scottish Gaelic LATIN GREEK BRYTHONIC Low German High German Portuguese Yiddish Welsh The Indo-European Language Family Spanish Breton Catalan This language tree is somewhat simplified to show French greater detail in the European side, particularly the Italian Germanic branch. Rumanian
Proto-Indo-European Lithuanian BALTIC TOCHARIAN Latvian BALTO-SLAVIC Polish WEST SLAVIC INDO-IRANIAN Slovak SLAVIC Czech SOUTH SLAVIC Bulgarian INDIC Macedonian EAST SLAVIC Serbo-Croatian IRANIAN GERMANIC Ukrainian SANSKRIT Russian Albanian Armenian Hindi Urdu NORTH GERMANIC Icelandic Persian Bengali CELTIC Norwegian Pahlavi Punjabi ANATOLIAN Swedish WEST GERMANIC Gujarati Pashto Danish Assamese Baluchi Lycian Romany HELLENIC EAST GERMANIC GAELIC Kurdish Hittite ITALIC English Lydian Frisian Gothic Irish Gaelic Dutch Scottish Gaelic LATIN GREEK BRYTHONIC Low German High German Portuguese Yiddish Welsh The Indo-European Language Family Spanish Breton Catalan This language tree is somewhat simplified to show French greater detail in the European side, particularly the Italian Germanic branch. Rumanian
Tocharians This Caucasian mummy, found preserved in the dry sands of the Taklamakan Desert in western China in 1978, lived about 3500 years ago according to radiocarbon dating. Many other similar Caucasian mummies have been found nearby. There is no way to prove that they are Tocharians, but since they were found in the same general area as the Tocharian manuscripts, we may reasonably assume that they were. This mummy is known as Cherchen Man. Another view of Cherchen Man. When alive, he was six feet tall. He wears a red twill tunic and tartan leggings. His hair is reddish brown with flecks of grey. He was about forty years old when he died.
Tocharians Known as the “Beauty of Loulan,” This mummy dates to about 2000 B.C. Found in Loulan, at the east end of the Taklamakan Desert, she was also about 40 years old when she died. Below left is an artist’s reconstruction of her face. . This mummy, a man of about 40 with reddish-blond hair, was also found in a desert grave in western China.
Tocharians This woman had long reddish-blond braids This woman with long blonde hair and eyes and, like the other mummies, wore clothing with gouged out may have been a sacrificial victim. Celtic-style weaving and patterns.. The baby below was found in the same grave.