SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 16
Download to read offline
UK LOCKSS Alliance
Today’s scholarly content, secured for tomorrow
Adam Rusbridge
UK LOCKSS Alliance Coordinator
EDINA, University of Edinburgh


8th March 2012
Trust and eJournals Workshop, London
Summary
                     •   LOCKSS: Digital equivalent of the physical shelf
                          •   Sufficient rights to access content as needed
                          •   Financial control and governance over systems
                          •   Automate preservation functions where possible
                     •   LOCKSS provides generic preservation capacity
                          •   Customise the distributed architecture according to
                              community needs
                     •   Modeling the total cost of long-term storage




www.flickr.com/photos/guitarlogy/5387073471/
Community Action for Assured Access

       A co-operative organization to ensure continuing sustainable access to scholarly work over the long term.

 UK libraries are collaborating to build national ‘network level’ infrastructure and to coordinate the preservation of electronic
                                              material of local and UK interest. (since 2008)

         17 member institutions                                             Steering Committee directs activity (next
         De Montfort University                                             meeting May 2012)
         King’s College London
         London School of Economics
         Natural History Museum                                             Phil Adams (De Montfort University)
         Open University                                                    Lisa Cardy (London School of Economics)
         Royal Holloway, University of London
         University of Birmingham
                                                                            Geoff Gilbert (University of Birmingham)
         University of Edinburgh                                            Tony Kidd (University of Glasgow)
         University of Glasgow
         University of Hertfordshire
                                                                            Liz Stevenson (University of Edinburgh)
         University of Huddersfield                                         Lorraine Estelle (JISC Collections)
         University of Newcastle Upon Tyne
         University of Oxford
                                                                            Peter Burnhill (EDINA)
         University of Salford                                              Adam Rusbridge (EDINA)
         University of St. Andrews
         University of Warwick
         University of York




Support Service at EDINA provides underlying coordination, support and development
JISC Collections organises membership subscriptions and gives guidance and support
JISC prompted the initial project led by the Digital Curation Centre (2006-08)
Technical Infrastructure


- Preserves content as published
   - Preserve the record: web archiving
   - Fetches content from a server
- Preserves integrity
   - Audit protocol to prevent damage
   - Tamper resistant
- Avoids single point of failure
   - Distributed network to avoid points
     of failure
   - Model on success of print collections
     (and operation of the library)
Technical Infrastructure


- Preserves content as published
   - Preserve the record: web archiving
   - Fetches content from a server
- Preserves integrity
   - Audit protocol to prevent damage
   - Tamper resistant
- Avoids single point of failure
   - Distributed network to avoid points
     of failure
   - Model on success of print collections
     (and operation of the library)
Technical Infrastructure


- Preserves content as published
   - Preserve the record: web archiving
   - Fetches content from a server
- Preserves integrity
   - Audit protocol to prevent damage
   - Tamper resistant
- Avoids single point of failure
   - Distributed network to avoid points
     of failure
   - Model on success of print collections
     (and operation of the library)
MetaArchive



•   A distributed digital preservation solution depends on a
    collaborating set of institutions agreeing to preserve each other’s
    content.
     •   Requires central coordination; shared enthusiasm, resources and benefit
     •   Successful models initiated where community / shared need already in place.

•   MetaArchive is a cooperative not a vendor (conceived 2004)
     •   Goal is not to make profits, but to improve each member's situation.
     •   Distribute across geography: diversify funding, politics, economy
     •   Replicate content, lower barriers of entry

•   Educopia Institute - non-profit administrative organisation
     •   Coordination role; arrange legal agreements and commitments to
         preserve member content
     •   Sustained by affordable cooperative fee memberships set by
         members
          • Supplemented by grants and contracts
Costs



  •   Equipment
      •   Each institution required to contribute a server to the network
      •   As of June 2011: $4,600 for a 16TB machine

  •   Staffing
      •   2% of a systems administrator’s time
      •   Administrator/point of contact
      •   Software engineer who preps content for ingest
           • (latter two roles needed for outsourced solution).

  •   Storage
      •   $1.00/GB/year for content stored in the network.
      •   ‘Conspectus’ to organise where content is stored
Tiered Membership



  •   Sustaining Members: $5,500/year
       • Leadership, development, governance


  •   Preservation Members: $3,000/year
       • Benefit from shared preservation model


  •   Collaborative Members: (varies, but e.g. $4,000/year for 20)
       • Consortia that share a server, and so look like one organisation.
       •   Allows existing consortia to preserve co-hosted content for a
           fraction of what it would cost to do so as individual members.
PLNs in the UK: Member Survey
• Share resources & responsibility, build community, keep costs
  low
     •   Preservation policy
     •   Content and Collections
     •   Organisational architecture
     •   Costs and Resources
Initial Conclusions

•    Survey response rate: 50% of members
•    Institutions seeking affordable solutions to digital preservation.
      •   e-preservation strategies have yet to be developed.

•    Extent of digital assets requiring preservation unknown
      •   Systematic audits have not yet been carried out.

•    Prefer architecture where content is stored at more than one location
      •   However a fully distributed approach was not favoured.

•    Mixed enthusiasm for a PLN
      •   Need to demonstrate PLN is low-cost and sustainable
      •   Need clear and demonstrable financial benefits
      •   Need a shared interest in preserving a particular body or type of content.
      •   Difficult to gain acceptance and commitment without these benefits

•    Moving forward: establish a UK PLN, or join the MetaArchive as a
     Collaborative Member?
Pricing of Long-term Cloud Storage

•   David Rosenthal has been looking at cost models for long-term
                                                                        Year   Cost
    storage: http://blog.dshr.org                                              per GB
•   Does it make economic sense to store data in the cloud, in the      2002   $3.98
    long-term.                                                          2004   $1.25
•   Kryder's Law, 30yr history of exponential increase in disk          2006   $0.64
    capacity at roughly constant cost.
                                                                        2008   $0.29
•   The cost of storing bits for the long term depends on current
    price and how fast it is dropping.                                  2010   $0.08?

                                                                        2012   $0.06?
•   How long can we expect Kryder's Law to continue?
•   Indications that Kryder's Law is slowing down
     • 4TB disks now available, but slower than expected.
     • Driver for 3.5" disks has been desktop PCs. Volume
        market is now 2.5" disks: same curve but higher price/
        byte.
     • By 2020, ought to have 14TB 2.5" drive @ $40
         • Consumers may prefer a 2TB 1" drive for $15 and less power
           draw
Cloud Storage Price History
Provider           Price (Year of Current Price            % decrease
                   Launch)
Amazon S3          $0.15/GB/mo        $0.125/GB/mo         3%/yr
                   (2006)
RackSpace          $0.15/GB/mo        $0.15/GB/mo          0%/yr
                   (2008)
Windows Azure      $0.15/GB/mo        $0.14/GB/mo          3%/yr
                   (2009)

      http://blog.dshr.org/2012/02/cloud-storage-pricing-history.html


  •   Price of cloud storage is dropping around an order of
      magnitude more slowly than raw disk prices.
  •   There is a recurrent cost for storage in the cloud. As
      collections grow, will the cost of cloud storage grow more
      than if performed locally?
  •   Research to model total costs over time – local hardware,
      maintenance, location, power, bandwidth, staffing.
Cost to preserve 8TB

 •   Starting with S3's current pricing and assuming that it continues to
     drop at 3%/yr, the total cost over 4 years would be $41,065.
 •   DIY: 3 geographically separate complete copies each protected
     against double disk failures.
 •   Three Drobo FS network file servers ($600 each at Amazon)
     populated with 5 3TB Hitachi 5400RPM drives ($210 each at
     Newegg). Add one spare for each Drobo to cover while failed drives
     are returned under warranty. Capital cost of $5580.
 •   Each Drobo consumes ~70W with all drives active. So we'd
     consume 1840 KWh over 4 years. Palo Alto Green rates, cost of $250.
 •   Stanford experience with Drobos is that almost no attention needed,
     but assume staff costs at $50/hr for 1hr/mo/box = $7200.
 •   The total cost over 4 years would be $13,030: around a third
     of the total cost of S3.
 http://blog.dshr.org/2012/02/cloud-storage-pricing-history.html
Principles of LOCKSS: Building Trusted Archives

             •   LOCKSS software can be used to provide general, shared
                 preservation capacity
                  •   Responsibility spread across the community
                  •   Shepherded by strong universities with strong collection
                      policies

             •   Further assessment of UK Private LOCKSS Networks
                  •   Model selected depends on scale of content & community
                      enthusiasm

             •   Further assessment to understand the total cost of
                 storage




www.flickr.com/photos/guitarlogy/5387073471/
Find out more…




          http://www.lockssalliance.ac.uk
              a.rusbridge@ed.ac.uk
                 @EDINA_eJournals

More Related Content

Viewers also liked (6)

Ppls mvm2
Ppls mvm2Ppls mvm2
Ppls mvm2
 
Inspire2011 shibb am_fs_paper_v3
Inspire2011 shibb am_fs_paper_v3Inspire2011 shibb am_fs_paper_v3
Inspire2011 shibb am_fs_paper_v3
 
Publications Router rss_panel_or2014
Publications Router rss_panel_or2014Publications Router rss_panel_or2014
Publications Router rss_panel_or2014
 
MANTRA for Change
MANTRA for ChangeMANTRA for Change
MANTRA for Change
 
COBWEB – Where we are at
COBWEB – Where we are atCOBWEB – Where we are at
COBWEB – Where we are at
 
AddressingHistory: Lessons and Messages
AddressingHistory:  Lessons and MessagesAddressingHistory:  Lessons and Messages
AddressingHistory: Lessons and Messages
 

Similar to UK LOCKSS Alliance: Today’s scholarly content, secured for tomorrow

Archiving The Worlds E-Journals:The Keepers Registry As Global Monitor
Archiving The Worlds E-Journals:The Keepers Registry As Global MonitorArchiving The Worlds E-Journals:The Keepers Registry As Global Monitor
Archiving The Worlds E-Journals:The Keepers Registry As Global MonitorEDINA, University of Edinburgh
 
The Dark Side of Digital Preservation: Distributed Digital Preservation
The Dark Side of Digital Preservation: Distributed Digital PreservationThe Dark Side of Digital Preservation: Distributed Digital Preservation
The Dark Side of Digital Preservation: Distributed Digital PreservationEducopia
 
Bibliographic Infrastructure for Shared Print Management
Bibliographic Infrastructure for Shared Print ManagementBibliographic Infrastructure for Shared Print Management
Bibliographic Infrastructure for Shared Print ManagementConstance Malpas
 
The Heterogenous Zone: Six use cases for six research data collections in Edi...
The Heterogenous Zone: Six use cases for six research data collections in Edi...The Heterogenous Zone: Six use cases for six research data collections in Edi...
The Heterogenous Zone: Six use cases for six research data collections in Edi...EDINA, University of Edinburgh
 
Impact of Covid-19 on Learning and Education
Impact of Covid-19 on Learning and EducationImpact of Covid-19 on Learning and Education
Impact of Covid-19 on Learning and EducationMANENDRASINGH30
 
Research Cyberinfrastructure at UCSD - David Minor - RDAP12
Research Cyberinfrastructure at UCSD - David Minor - RDAP12Research Cyberinfrastructure at UCSD - David Minor - RDAP12
Research Cyberinfrastructure at UCSD - David Minor - RDAP12ASIS&T
 
Special material-powerpoint
Special material-powerpointSpecial material-powerpoint
Special material-powerpointEthel Valdez
 
Special material-powerpoint
Special material-powerpointSpecial material-powerpoint
Special material-powerpointEthel88
 
Introduction to research data management
Introduction to research data managementIntroduction to research data management
Introduction to research data managementopl10
 
Repository : A Brief Comparative Study Between The National University Of Mal...
Repository : A Brief Comparative Study Between The National University Of Mal...Repository : A Brief Comparative Study Between The National University Of Mal...
Repository : A Brief Comparative Study Between The National University Of Mal...tulipbiru64
 
Moving from a Locally-Developed Data Model to a Standard Conceptual Model
Moving from a Locally-Developed Data Model to a Standard Conceptual ModelMoving from a Locally-Developed Data Model to a Standard Conceptual Model
Moving from a Locally-Developed Data Model to a Standard Conceptual ModelJenn Riley
 
A collaborative approach to "filling the digital preservation gap" for Resear...
A collaborative approach to "filling the digital preservation gap" for Resear...A collaborative approach to "filling the digital preservation gap" for Resear...
A collaborative approach to "filling the digital preservation gap" for Resear...Jenny Mitcham
 
A collaborative approach to filling the digital preservation gap for RDM
A collaborative approach to filling the digital preservation gap for RDMA collaborative approach to filling the digital preservation gap for RDM
A collaborative approach to filling the digital preservation gap for RDMnortherncollaboration
 
"Filling the Digital Preservation Gap" with Archivematica
"Filling the Digital Preservation Gap" with Archivematica"Filling the Digital Preservation Gap" with Archivematica
"Filling the Digital Preservation Gap" with ArchivematicaJenny Mitcham
 

Similar to UK LOCKSS Alliance: Today’s scholarly content, secured for tomorrow (20)

Ukla uksg 2013_final
Ukla uksg 2013_finalUkla uksg 2013_final
Ukla uksg 2013_final
 
Ukla uksg 2013_final
Ukla uksg 2013_finalUkla uksg 2013_final
Ukla uksg 2013_final
 
Archiving The Worlds E-Journals:The Keepers Registry As Global Monitor
Archiving The Worlds E-Journals:The Keepers Registry As Global MonitorArchiving The Worlds E-Journals:The Keepers Registry As Global Monitor
Archiving The Worlds E-Journals:The Keepers Registry As Global Monitor
 
The Dark Side of Digital Preservation: Distributed Digital Preservation
The Dark Side of Digital Preservation: Distributed Digital PreservationThe Dark Side of Digital Preservation: Distributed Digital Preservation
The Dark Side of Digital Preservation: Distributed Digital Preservation
 
Bibliographic Infrastructure for Shared Print Management
Bibliographic Infrastructure for Shared Print ManagementBibliographic Infrastructure for Shared Print Management
Bibliographic Infrastructure for Shared Print Management
 
The Heterogenous Zone: Six use cases for six research data collections in Edi...
The Heterogenous Zone: Six use cases for six research data collections in Edi...The Heterogenous Zone: Six use cases for six research data collections in Edi...
The Heterogenous Zone: Six use cases for six research data collections in Edi...
 
Impact of Covid-19 on Learning and Education
Impact of Covid-19 on Learning and EducationImpact of Covid-19 on Learning and Education
Impact of Covid-19 on Learning and Education
 
EDINA Serials UKLA SafeNet
EDINA Serials UKLA SafeNetEDINA Serials UKLA SafeNet
EDINA Serials UKLA SafeNet
 
Research Cyberinfrastructure at UCSD - David Minor - RDAP12
Research Cyberinfrastructure at UCSD - David Minor - RDAP12Research Cyberinfrastructure at UCSD - David Minor - RDAP12
Research Cyberinfrastructure at UCSD - David Minor - RDAP12
 
RDM & ELNs @ Edinburgh
RDM & ELNs @ EdinburghRDM & ELNs @ Edinburgh
RDM & ELNs @ Edinburgh
 
Special material-powerpoint
Special material-powerpointSpecial material-powerpoint
Special material-powerpoint
 
Special material-powerpoint
Special material-powerpointSpecial material-powerpoint
Special material-powerpoint
 
DSpace for Data Revisited
DSpace for Data RevisitedDSpace for Data Revisited
DSpace for Data Revisited
 
Climb bath
Climb bathClimb bath
Climb bath
 
Introduction to research data management
Introduction to research data managementIntroduction to research data management
Introduction to research data management
 
Repository : A Brief Comparative Study Between The National University Of Mal...
Repository : A Brief Comparative Study Between The National University Of Mal...Repository : A Brief Comparative Study Between The National University Of Mal...
Repository : A Brief Comparative Study Between The National University Of Mal...
 
Moving from a Locally-Developed Data Model to a Standard Conceptual Model
Moving from a Locally-Developed Data Model to a Standard Conceptual ModelMoving from a Locally-Developed Data Model to a Standard Conceptual Model
Moving from a Locally-Developed Data Model to a Standard Conceptual Model
 
A collaborative approach to "filling the digital preservation gap" for Resear...
A collaborative approach to "filling the digital preservation gap" for Resear...A collaborative approach to "filling the digital preservation gap" for Resear...
A collaborative approach to "filling the digital preservation gap" for Resear...
 
A collaborative approach to filling the digital preservation gap for RDM
A collaborative approach to filling the digital preservation gap for RDMA collaborative approach to filling the digital preservation gap for RDM
A collaborative approach to filling the digital preservation gap for RDM
 
"Filling the Digital Preservation Gap" with Archivematica
"Filling the Digital Preservation Gap" with Archivematica"Filling the Digital Preservation Gap" with Archivematica
"Filling the Digital Preservation Gap" with Archivematica
 

More from EDINA, University of Edinburgh

We have the technology... We have the data... What next?
We have the technology... We have the data... What next?We have the technology... We have the data... What next?
We have the technology... We have the data... What next?EDINA, University of Edinburgh
 
Reference Rot in Theses: A HiberActive Pilot - 10x10 session for Repository F...
Reference Rot in Theses: A HiberActive Pilot - 10x10 session for Repository F...Reference Rot in Theses: A HiberActive Pilot - 10x10 session for Repository F...
Reference Rot in Theses: A HiberActive Pilot - 10x10 session for Repository F...EDINA, University of Edinburgh
 
If I Googled You, What Would I Find? Managing your digital footprint - Nicola...
If I Googled You, What Would I Find? Managing your digital footprint - Nicola...If I Googled You, What Would I Find? Managing your digital footprint - Nicola...
If I Googled You, What Would I Find? Managing your digital footprint - Nicola...EDINA, University of Edinburgh
 
Managing your Digital Footprint : Taking control of the metadata and tracks a...
Managing your Digital Footprint : Taking control of the metadata and tracks a...Managing your Digital Footprint : Taking control of the metadata and tracks a...
Managing your Digital Footprint : Taking control of the metadata and tracks a...EDINA, University of Edinburgh
 
Social media and blogging to develop and communicate research in the arts and...
Social media and blogging to develop and communicate research in the arts and...Social media and blogging to develop and communicate research in the arts and...
Social media and blogging to develop and communicate research in the arts and...EDINA, University of Edinburgh
 
Enhancing your research impact through social media - Nicola Osborne
Enhancing your research impact through social media - Nicola OsborneEnhancing your research impact through social media - Nicola Osborne
Enhancing your research impact through social media - Nicola OsborneEDINA, University of Edinburgh
 
Social Media in Marketing in Support of Your Personal Brand - Nicola Osborne
Social Media in Marketing in Support of Your Personal Brand - Nicola OsborneSocial Media in Marketing in Support of Your Personal Brand - Nicola Osborne
Social Media in Marketing in Support of Your Personal Brand - Nicola OsborneEDINA, University of Edinburgh
 
Best Practice for Social Media in Teaching & Learning Contexts - Nicola Osborne
Best Practice for Social Media in Teaching & Learning Contexts - Nicola OsborneBest Practice for Social Media in Teaching & Learning Contexts - Nicola Osborne
Best Practice for Social Media in Teaching & Learning Contexts - Nicola OsborneEDINA, University of Edinburgh
 
Introduction to Edinburgh University Data Library and national data services
Introduction to Edinburgh University Data Library and national data servicesIntroduction to Edinburgh University Data Library and national data services
Introduction to Edinburgh University Data Library and national data servicesEDINA, University of Edinburgh
 
Digimap for Schools: Introduction to an ICT based cross curricular resource f...
Digimap for Schools: Introduction to an ICT based cross curricular resource f...Digimap for Schools: Introduction to an ICT based cross curricular resource f...
Digimap for Schools: Introduction to an ICT based cross curricular resource f...EDINA, University of Edinburgh
 

More from EDINA, University of Edinburgh (20)

The Making of the English Landscape:
The Making of the English Landscape: The Making of the English Landscape:
The Making of the English Landscape:
 
Spatial Data, Spatial Humanities
Spatial Data, Spatial HumanitiesSpatial Data, Spatial Humanities
Spatial Data, Spatial Humanities
 
Land Cover Map 2015
Land Cover Map 2015Land Cover Map 2015
Land Cover Map 2015
 
We have the technology... We have the data... What next?
We have the technology... We have the data... What next?We have the technology... We have the data... What next?
We have the technology... We have the data... What next?
 
Reference Rot in Theses: A HiberActive Pilot - 10x10 session for Repository F...
Reference Rot in Theses: A HiberActive Pilot - 10x10 session for Repository F...Reference Rot in Theses: A HiberActive Pilot - 10x10 session for Repository F...
Reference Rot in Theses: A HiberActive Pilot - 10x10 session for Repository F...
 
GeoForum EDINA report 2017
GeoForum EDINA report 2017GeoForum EDINA report 2017
GeoForum EDINA report 2017
 
If I Googled You, What Would I Find? Managing your digital footprint - Nicola...
If I Googled You, What Would I Find? Managing your digital footprint - Nicola...If I Googled You, What Would I Find? Managing your digital footprint - Nicola...
If I Googled You, What Would I Find? Managing your digital footprint - Nicola...
 
Moray housemarch2017
Moray housemarch2017Moray housemarch2017
Moray housemarch2017
 
Uniof stirlingmarch2017secondary
Uniof stirlingmarch2017secondaryUniof stirlingmarch2017secondary
Uniof stirlingmarch2017secondary
 
Uniof glasgow jan2017_secondary
Uniof glasgow jan2017_secondaryUniof glasgow jan2017_secondary
Uniof glasgow jan2017_secondary
 
Managing your Digital Footprint : Taking control of the metadata and tracks a...
Managing your Digital Footprint : Taking control of the metadata and tracks a...Managing your Digital Footprint : Taking control of the metadata and tracks a...
Managing your Digital Footprint : Taking control of the metadata and tracks a...
 
Social media and blogging to develop and communicate research in the arts and...
Social media and blogging to develop and communicate research in the arts and...Social media and blogging to develop and communicate research in the arts and...
Social media and blogging to develop and communicate research in the arts and...
 
Enhancing your research impact through social media - Nicola Osborne
Enhancing your research impact through social media - Nicola OsborneEnhancing your research impact through social media - Nicola Osborne
Enhancing your research impact through social media - Nicola Osborne
 
Social Media in Marketing in Support of Your Personal Brand - Nicola Osborne
Social Media in Marketing in Support of Your Personal Brand - Nicola OsborneSocial Media in Marketing in Support of Your Personal Brand - Nicola Osborne
Social Media in Marketing in Support of Your Personal Brand - Nicola Osborne
 
Best Practice for Social Media in Teaching & Learning Contexts - Nicola Osborne
Best Practice for Social Media in Teaching & Learning Contexts - Nicola OsborneBest Practice for Social Media in Teaching & Learning Contexts - Nicola Osborne
Best Practice for Social Media in Teaching & Learning Contexts - Nicola Osborne
 
SCURL and SUNCAT serials holdings comparison service
SCURL and SUNCAT serials holdings comparison serviceSCURL and SUNCAT serials holdings comparison service
SCURL and SUNCAT serials holdings comparison service
 
Big data in Digimap
Big data in DigimapBig data in Digimap
Big data in Digimap
 
Introduction to Edinburgh University Data Library and national data services
Introduction to Edinburgh University Data Library and national data servicesIntroduction to Edinburgh University Data Library and national data services
Introduction to Edinburgh University Data Library and national data services
 
Digimap for Schools: Introduction to an ICT based cross curricular resource f...
Digimap for Schools: Introduction to an ICT based cross curricular resource f...Digimap for Schools: Introduction to an ICT based cross curricular resource f...
Digimap for Schools: Introduction to an ICT based cross curricular resource f...
 
Digimap Update - Geoforum 2016 - Guy McGarva
Digimap Update - Geoforum 2016 - Guy McGarvaDigimap Update - Geoforum 2016 - Guy McGarva
Digimap Update - Geoforum 2016 - Guy McGarva
 

Recently uploaded

Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationMJDuyan
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...raviapr7
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepobaje godwin sunday
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesMohammad Hassany
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapitolTechU
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfTechSoup
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphNetziValdelomar1
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxraviapr7
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxAditiChauhan701637
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?TechSoup
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptxmary850239
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and step
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
 
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quizPrelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 

UK LOCKSS Alliance: Today’s scholarly content, secured for tomorrow

  • 1. UK LOCKSS Alliance Today’s scholarly content, secured for tomorrow Adam Rusbridge UK LOCKSS Alliance Coordinator EDINA, University of Edinburgh 8th March 2012 Trust and eJournals Workshop, London
  • 2. Summary • LOCKSS: Digital equivalent of the physical shelf • Sufficient rights to access content as needed • Financial control and governance over systems • Automate preservation functions where possible • LOCKSS provides generic preservation capacity • Customise the distributed architecture according to community needs • Modeling the total cost of long-term storage www.flickr.com/photos/guitarlogy/5387073471/
  • 3. Community Action for Assured Access A co-operative organization to ensure continuing sustainable access to scholarly work over the long term. UK libraries are collaborating to build national ‘network level’ infrastructure and to coordinate the preservation of electronic material of local and UK interest. (since 2008) 17 member institutions Steering Committee directs activity (next De Montfort University meeting May 2012) King’s College London London School of Economics Natural History Museum Phil Adams (De Montfort University) Open University Lisa Cardy (London School of Economics) Royal Holloway, University of London University of Birmingham Geoff Gilbert (University of Birmingham) University of Edinburgh Tony Kidd (University of Glasgow) University of Glasgow University of Hertfordshire Liz Stevenson (University of Edinburgh) University of Huddersfield Lorraine Estelle (JISC Collections) University of Newcastle Upon Tyne University of Oxford Peter Burnhill (EDINA) University of Salford Adam Rusbridge (EDINA) University of St. Andrews University of Warwick University of York Support Service at EDINA provides underlying coordination, support and development JISC Collections organises membership subscriptions and gives guidance and support JISC prompted the initial project led by the Digital Curation Centre (2006-08)
  • 4. Technical Infrastructure - Preserves content as published - Preserve the record: web archiving - Fetches content from a server - Preserves integrity - Audit protocol to prevent damage - Tamper resistant - Avoids single point of failure - Distributed network to avoid points of failure - Model on success of print collections (and operation of the library)
  • 5. Technical Infrastructure - Preserves content as published - Preserve the record: web archiving - Fetches content from a server - Preserves integrity - Audit protocol to prevent damage - Tamper resistant - Avoids single point of failure - Distributed network to avoid points of failure - Model on success of print collections (and operation of the library)
  • 6. Technical Infrastructure - Preserves content as published - Preserve the record: web archiving - Fetches content from a server - Preserves integrity - Audit protocol to prevent damage - Tamper resistant - Avoids single point of failure - Distributed network to avoid points of failure - Model on success of print collections (and operation of the library)
  • 7. MetaArchive • A distributed digital preservation solution depends on a collaborating set of institutions agreeing to preserve each other’s content. • Requires central coordination; shared enthusiasm, resources and benefit • Successful models initiated where community / shared need already in place. • MetaArchive is a cooperative not a vendor (conceived 2004) • Goal is not to make profits, but to improve each member's situation. • Distribute across geography: diversify funding, politics, economy • Replicate content, lower barriers of entry • Educopia Institute - non-profit administrative organisation • Coordination role; arrange legal agreements and commitments to preserve member content • Sustained by affordable cooperative fee memberships set by members • Supplemented by grants and contracts
  • 8. Costs • Equipment • Each institution required to contribute a server to the network • As of June 2011: $4,600 for a 16TB machine • Staffing • 2% of a systems administrator’s time • Administrator/point of contact • Software engineer who preps content for ingest • (latter two roles needed for outsourced solution). • Storage • $1.00/GB/year for content stored in the network. • ‘Conspectus’ to organise where content is stored
  • 9. Tiered Membership • Sustaining Members: $5,500/year • Leadership, development, governance • Preservation Members: $3,000/year • Benefit from shared preservation model • Collaborative Members: (varies, but e.g. $4,000/year for 20) • Consortia that share a server, and so look like one organisation. • Allows existing consortia to preserve co-hosted content for a fraction of what it would cost to do so as individual members.
  • 10. PLNs in the UK: Member Survey • Share resources & responsibility, build community, keep costs low • Preservation policy • Content and Collections • Organisational architecture • Costs and Resources
  • 11. Initial Conclusions • Survey response rate: 50% of members • Institutions seeking affordable solutions to digital preservation. • e-preservation strategies have yet to be developed. • Extent of digital assets requiring preservation unknown • Systematic audits have not yet been carried out. • Prefer architecture where content is stored at more than one location • However a fully distributed approach was not favoured. • Mixed enthusiasm for a PLN • Need to demonstrate PLN is low-cost and sustainable • Need clear and demonstrable financial benefits • Need a shared interest in preserving a particular body or type of content. • Difficult to gain acceptance and commitment without these benefits • Moving forward: establish a UK PLN, or join the MetaArchive as a Collaborative Member?
  • 12. Pricing of Long-term Cloud Storage • David Rosenthal has been looking at cost models for long-term Year Cost storage: http://blog.dshr.org per GB • Does it make economic sense to store data in the cloud, in the 2002 $3.98 long-term. 2004 $1.25 • Kryder's Law, 30yr history of exponential increase in disk 2006 $0.64 capacity at roughly constant cost. 2008 $0.29 • The cost of storing bits for the long term depends on current price and how fast it is dropping. 2010 $0.08? 2012 $0.06? • How long can we expect Kryder's Law to continue? • Indications that Kryder's Law is slowing down • 4TB disks now available, but slower than expected. • Driver for 3.5" disks has been desktop PCs. Volume market is now 2.5" disks: same curve but higher price/ byte. • By 2020, ought to have 14TB 2.5" drive @ $40 • Consumers may prefer a 2TB 1" drive for $15 and less power draw
  • 13. Cloud Storage Price History Provider Price (Year of Current Price % decrease Launch) Amazon S3 $0.15/GB/mo $0.125/GB/mo 3%/yr (2006) RackSpace $0.15/GB/mo $0.15/GB/mo 0%/yr (2008) Windows Azure $0.15/GB/mo $0.14/GB/mo 3%/yr (2009) http://blog.dshr.org/2012/02/cloud-storage-pricing-history.html • Price of cloud storage is dropping around an order of magnitude more slowly than raw disk prices. • There is a recurrent cost for storage in the cloud. As collections grow, will the cost of cloud storage grow more than if performed locally? • Research to model total costs over time – local hardware, maintenance, location, power, bandwidth, staffing.
  • 14. Cost to preserve 8TB • Starting with S3's current pricing and assuming that it continues to drop at 3%/yr, the total cost over 4 years would be $41,065. • DIY: 3 geographically separate complete copies each protected against double disk failures. • Three Drobo FS network file servers ($600 each at Amazon) populated with 5 3TB Hitachi 5400RPM drives ($210 each at Newegg). Add one spare for each Drobo to cover while failed drives are returned under warranty. Capital cost of $5580. • Each Drobo consumes ~70W with all drives active. So we'd consume 1840 KWh over 4 years. Palo Alto Green rates, cost of $250. • Stanford experience with Drobos is that almost no attention needed, but assume staff costs at $50/hr for 1hr/mo/box = $7200. • The total cost over 4 years would be $13,030: around a third of the total cost of S3. http://blog.dshr.org/2012/02/cloud-storage-pricing-history.html
  • 15. Principles of LOCKSS: Building Trusted Archives • LOCKSS software can be used to provide general, shared preservation capacity • Responsibility spread across the community • Shepherded by strong universities with strong collection policies • Further assessment of UK Private LOCKSS Networks • Model selected depends on scale of content & community enthusiasm • Further assessment to understand the total cost of storage www.flickr.com/photos/guitarlogy/5387073471/
  • 16. Find out more… http://www.lockssalliance.ac.uk a.rusbridge@ed.ac.uk @EDINA_eJournals