Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources Stewardship & Service, Curation & Preservation, Open Access, Geography & History! Peter Burnhill Director, EDINA National Data Centre, University of Edinburgh, Scotland UK September 2009

Re-making History and Geography
As a visitor from a small island in the Far West of shared land mass
… whose organisation and client community now lives on the Internet!
I say 你好 "nihao”

Overview for Talk
Introductions & Acknowledgements: a Business Card
UK Context: University of Edinburgh, JISC, EDINA
Our Changing World: Online Services, Author/Reader, Digital Resources
An abstract model
Re-thinking Our Role
How now to ensure that researchers, students & their teachers have continuity of access to the online scholarly resources they need
Examples of Projects & Services: ‘network-level’ activity
PEPRS: piloting an e-journals preservation registry service
How can we work together, at the ‘network-level’?
at the national or regional level
at the trans-national, global level

Overview for Talk * Happy to break for Questions after each part*
Introductions & Acknowledgements: a Business Card
UK Context: University of Edinburgh, JISC, EDINA
Our Changing World: Online Services, Author/Reader, Digital Resources
An abstract model
Re-thinking Our Role
How now to ensure that researchers, students & their teachers have continuity of access to the online scholarly resources they need
Examples of Projects & Services: ‘network-level’ activity
How can we work together, at the ‘network-level’?
at the national or regional level
at the trans-national, global level

1. Introduction and Business Card: setting the scene
Personal biography / background
‘ 25 years of digital in experience’
[email_address]
University of Edinburgh www.ed.ac.uk
‘ my employer’ and ‘the host institution for EDINA’
JISC - Joint Information Systems Committee
www.jisc.ac.uk
‘ UK context’, ‘the money’ and ‘the vision’
EDINA www.edina.ac.uk
‘ the organisation I lead’

Personal Biography
Degree in Economics
special subject was planned economies, including China & USSR
First went to work at Economic & Social Research Council in London as research administrator
Decided to change career
Masters’ degree in Statistics (at London School of Economics)
Moved to the University of Edinburgh in 1979
My mother had been born in Scotland; I used to visit on school holidays

EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND, UK
a history of global influence on ideas & invention
Scottish Enlightenment, 18th Century
a society that has long wished to be ‘evidence based’
That we should know ourselves, and the reason for things

Edinburgh

UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH. Founded 1582 First ‘civic’ university, in UK, and perhaps in Europe a research-led international university Philosophy & Economics David Hume, Adam Smith, Adam Ferguson Natural Sciences Charles Darwin, Joseph Black, James Clerk Maxwell Law & Medicine James Simpson

University of Edinburgh is aiming to be World Class!
23rd [up from 30th in 2005] in ‘Times Higher’ 2008 World University Rankings:
1 st Harvard (USA); 2 nd = Cambridge & Oxford (UK), Yale (USA)
.
6 th Imperial College London; 7 th University College London (UK)
.
22 nd Kings College London; 23 rd Edinburgh; 29 th Manchester
USA has 58 in the top 200, EU has 82, including UK with 29
* Not the only Index/Ranking; Should anyone worry about such statistics?
The six criteria, weighted and added together, are peer review (40%), citations (20%), staff/student ratio (20%), employer review (10%), international staff (5%) and international students (5%).

University of Edinburgh in 2007/8 (2003/4)
Total Students: 25,700 (23,000)
full time: 21,500 (20,000)
part time: 4,200 ( 3,000)
Type of student %
undergraduates 72 (75)
taught postgraduates 14 (11)
research postgraduates 14 (14)
Student Origin %
from Scotland 46 (46)
Other UK 32 (30)
EU 9 ( 8)
other international 15 (14)
2% from China
Total income (£m): 555 (353)
HE Funding Councils 177 (125)
Research Grants/Contracts 143 (103)
Student Fees 82 ( 54)
[3,000 academic + 3,000+ other staff = £297m (£202m)]
Source of Research Income (£m): 143 (103)
%
Research Councils 41 (35)
Charities 24 (28)
UK Government, eg JISC 13 (22)
EU Bodies 14 ( 7)
Commerce 10 ( 6)
Note: in 2003/4, EDINA earnt £2.5m of the £4m the University gets from the JISC [update for 2007/08] 26,424 students in 2008/9 ?% from China Strategy is to reduce dependence on Government and to internationalize.

UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH. Founded 1582 University of Edinburgh Alumni from China Office in Beijing & Confucius Institute in Edinburgh Huang Kuan was first Chinese graduate: Doctor of Medicine in 1857 Late Professor Yang Liming, leading nuclear physicist in China & world Professor Zhong Nan-shan, who identified SARS virus, received honorary degree in 2007 In 2001, Professor Huang Kun (who worked with Max Born, Edinburgh Nobel prize-winne) received Supreme Scientific and Technological Award from President Jiang Zemin for solid state physics Professor Fan WenFei, graduate of Beijing University, is now in Informatics

So, I’m a data person
Employed by the University of Edinburgh, since 1979
First as survey statistician in research centre for educational sociology & then senior lecturer in social science graduate school
In 1984 I changed career again to set up Edinburgh University Data Library
Then combining that with
Co-director, Regional Research Laboratory for Scotland, 1987/93
Director, EDINA national data centre, 1996 - present day
Past-President of IASSIST, 1996 - 2001
international assoc. for data librarians and archivists
www.iassistdata.org
Director, Digital Curation Centre, 2004 - 2006 (Phase 1)
www.dcc.ac
25 years of digital in experience
as information methodologist and strategist
and I have had to learn to work with, and for:
other researchers, librarians, software engineers,
data curators, teachers, etc

wearing two formal hats
Director, EDINA National Data Centre
with a staff of 75+
serving staff and students at all UK universities and colleges
2. Member of the directorate of the Information Services at University of Edinburgh
My boss: Vice-Principal for Knowledge Management & Librarian to University
My colleagues: Directors of Libraries, of Computing and of AV/Learning Technology, now in converged service divisions
Also speaking here with you as a fellow professional
trying to make sense of what is going on,
planning for the future during ‘interesting times’
funded by the JISC, so I must say something about JISC!

Joint Information Systems Committee
Standing committee of the UK funding councils for higher and further education (an agent of Government Agencies)
Governing Board with Sub-Committees for specific areas with representatives from universities and other research bodies
Responsible for ‘top-slice’ recurrent funding + special capital grants:
To manage and fund projects within thematic programmes
Outputs and lessons made available to HE and FE community.
To support 50 Services
providing online resources, expertise, advice and guidance
3 largest services are
JANET(UK) - which oversees high speed networking
two national academic data centres, EDINA and Mimas
Executive of 80 staff to support work of JISC Board and sub-committees

Strategic Mission & Aims, 2007-2009
“ to provide world-class leadership in the innovative use of ICT, to support education and research”
To deliver innovative and sustainable ICT infrastructure, services and practice that support institutions in meeting their missions.
To promote the development, uptake and effective use of ICT
to support learning and teaching
to support research
to support the management of institutions
To develop and implement a programme to support institutions’ engagement with the wider community.
Continuing to improve JISC’s own working practices.

UK funding councils for HE & FE Content, Tools & Infrastructure JISC Sub-Committees JISC Collections acting as platform for network-level services & helping to build the JISC Integrated Information Environment research, learning & teaching in UK universities & colleges UK Research Councils National Data Centres

Infrastructure to support four ‘demand-side’ verbs
discover information object of interest
e.g. article referenced in database, A&I, eToC, etc
locate organisation offering service
e.g. library (union catalogue/OPAC)
or document delivery service
request use of service
via payment of money or privilege of membership
access object of interest
via personal visit, document delivery, online access

based on MODELS workshops (UKOLN/JISC eLib)

EDINA, UK National Data Centre
Mission:
to enhance productivity of research, learning & teaching in higher & further education
delivering online services, 24/7 …
http:// edina.ac.uk

EDINA, UK National Data Centre
EDINA designated as national data centre in 1995/96
University had to compete for the role and status
based on online experience of University’s Data Library, 1983/84 -
There is a ‘sister’ national data centre, Mimas at University of Manchester
Acknowledged high quality of online service, 24/7 (99% uptime)
good reputation for helpdesk, user interfaces, FAQs etc
geared to researchers and students and end-users
with support of librarians and other academic support staff
Acknowledged project competence for R&D
we work with Researchers; we turn their work into Development
Growth in online services, client base and usage, year-on-year
E dinburgh D ata IN formation A ccess
‘ Edina’ is also the poetic name for Edinburgh
Referred to by Robert Burns in ‘Address to Edinburgh’, 1793
A digitized copy of the manuscript is on our website!

2. Our Changing World
Time to re-examine old verities in our scholarly world
about 40 years after the invention of the Internet
and only 13 years since the arrival of the Web.
How should we re-think our online services, as value-added network-level services?
as the relationship between Author and Reader is changing
as we must deal with all sorts of digital resources
Time to play with an abstract model …
... a picture show

A Simple Model of Scholarly Communication Author Reader writes to be recognised by peer community & for institutional ‘research assessment exercise’ purposes … perhaps to be read Key User (Reader) Verbs: Discover article of interest Locate service on those articles Request permission to use service Access to service/article article is the ‘information object of desire’

We could generalise what follows to research data and other digital resources Creator Researcher Generates (curates) data for own purpose, or as part of team … wants/has to ‘put’ it somewhere for use by others (perhaps to be recognised by a peer community) Key User (Researcher) Verbs: Discover data of interest Locate service on that data with documentation on provenance etc Request permission to use service Access to service/data Evidential value of data in analysis as object of desire’

A Simple Model of Scholarly Communication Author Reader writes to be recognised by peer community & for institutional ‘research assessment exercise’ purposes … perhaps to be read Key User (Reader) Verbs: Discover article of interest Locate service on those articles Request permission to use service Access to service/article article is the ‘information object of desire’

Author (article) Reader (article) Publisher article serial issue Library (serial) Licence Scholarly Communication (focus on article–length work published in journals) Libraries and Publishers provide framework … the traditional ‘middleware’/infrastructure’ ... with Licence(s) for electronic (online) and print (on-shelf) £ P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

Publisher article serial issue Library (serial) Licence Scholarly Communication (focus on article–length work published in journals) Libraries and Publishers provide framework … the traditional ‘middleware’/infrastructure’ ... with Licence(s) for electronic (online) and print (on-shelf) £ P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

Reader (article) Publisher article serial issue Library (serial) Licence Institutional Provision for Online Access (Access to article–length work) Institutional arrangement Licensed Online Access Fo rma£ E c onomy ILL/ docdel Value-add £ services

Author (article) Reader (article) Publisher article serial issue Library Licence Importance of Academic Peers peer review peer exchange ‘ invisible college’ Fo rma£ E c onomy learned society

Author (article) Reader (article) Publisher article serial issue Library (serial) Licence Peer-to-Peer Communication - beyond institutional walls peer review peer exchange Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’ Fo rma£ E c onomy learned society

Author (article) Reader (article) Publisher article serial issue Library (serial) Licence Online Service Provision peer review peer exchange Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’ Institutional arrangement Licensed Online Access Fo rma£ E c onomy ILL/ docdel ‘ Open Access’ Institutional Repositories free to web access E-prints ££ learned society Subject Repositories

Author (article) Reader (article) Publisher article serial issue Library (serial) Licence Challenge to Ensure Continuing Access peer review peer exchange Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’ Institutional arrangement Licensed Online Access Fo rma£ E c onomy ILL/ docdel Continuity of access learned society Long term digital preservation E-prints Institutional Repositories free to web access E-prints Subject Repositories

Author (article) Reader (article) Publisher article serial issue Library (serial) Licence* Forecasting change for the traditional model? P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

* Open Access
Publisher premium (Gold)
Author/funder pays
Author self-archiving (Green)
Deposit mandate
Access (can be delayed) or request only

* All is Licensed, whether for:
Open Access
Privileged of Membership Access
Payment of Cash Access

Author (article) Reader (article) Publisher article serial issue Library (serial) Licence (2) Pressure of Peer-to-Peer peer review peer exchange Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’ Institutional arrangement Fo rma£ E c onomy learned society free to web access

Author (article) Reader (article) Publisher article serial issue Library (serial) Licence Increasing dominance of The Web peer to peer exchange Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’ Institutional arrangement Fo rma£ E c onomy free to web access Role of Institutional Repositories? Web 2.0/3.0: Semantic web mash-ups, Blogs. RSS feeds, Wikis

Author (article) Reader (article) Publisher article serial issue Library (serial) Licence The Turbulent Present & User-generated Gifts Open peer review? peer exchange Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’ Institutional arrangement Fo rma£ E c onomy Role of learned society? free to web access Role of Institutional Repositories? Web 2.0/3.0: Semantic web mash-ups, Blogs. RSS feeds, Wikis Publisher engagement Value-add £ services

Peer (Creator) Peer (User) University attention Where will our (virtual) scholars want to be? peer review peer exchange Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’ Institutional arrangement Privilege of membership Forma£ economy Open Access free2web access Social networking learned society P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2008 Journal Commercial arrangement Payment of money

We have all come a long way in last 40 years
Before the 1970s, when the Internet was emerging:
less than 5% went to university in the UK
43% in 2007/08; Government target is 50%
University libraries were a world of print & manuscripts
‘ resource sharing’ meant
staff and students visiting libraries
resources were books, journal volumes & special collections
with worry about ‘grey literature’
Inter-Library Loan was the big thing!
computers did existed, but …
mainly used for ‘computing’ (add/subtract/multiply)
‘ telecom networks’ were specialist & military
‘ text processing’ was a research area (or the domain of the spy!)

3. Re-thinking Our Role: Emergence of Digital Library
mix of the document tradition ( signifying objects & their use) and the computation tradition ( applying algorithmic, logical, mathematical, and mechanical techniques to information management)
“ Both traditions are needed. Information Science is rooted in part in humanities and qualitative social sciences. The landscape of Information Science is complex. An ecumenical view is needed.”
M.Buckland, Journal of American Society for Information Science, 50 p970-74 1999
More than ‘just’ published scholarly record in journals and books
More than what has been digitized; need to include the ‘born digital’
The digital library has words, numbers, pictures and sounds
Numeric data, online learning & teaching materials, digital pictures and other audio-visual materials
What do researchers do? And what do they want/need of a digital library - that they cannot do for themselves?

Re-thinking stewardship for scholarly works
The central task is to ensure that researchers, students & their teachers have continuity of access to the online scholarly resources they need
Digital preservation is crucial but need to keep focus on ‘continuity of access’
"I am in no way interested in immortality, but only in the taste of tea."
Lu T'ung (born 755 A.D., reputedly lived 400 years)

4. EDINA’s role at the network level
In mid-90s, we had planned a future based on hosting key A&I Databases, but market changed.
Since 2002 we have been re-making our future with:
Suncat , UK national union catalogue of serials
National OpenURL Router, as registry of OpenURL resolvers in use
Access control: Privilege of Membership (rather than Payment of Money)
Investigated Shibboleth for JISC and Developed pilot for UK Access Management Federation for Education & Research
Now funded as Technical (metadata) Operator & JISC Expert Group
Digital preservation
CLOCKSS Access Host for orphaned content; Edinburgh University as Archive Node
Technical support for UK LOCKSS Alliance cooperative
Piloting an e-journals preservation registry, with ISSN-IC [will say more]
User Generated Content & Open Access
The Depot, an Open Access deposit facility
Jorum for learning and teaching materials
having already diversified with GeoSpatial and Multimedia, and supporting JISC with e-learning …

Examples of ‘Network-level’ Projects & Services
For this talk:
For some other talk:
The Depot and OA Repository Junction
open access deposit
Datashare
Data as ‘evidence’
how to support researchers and their research data
Jorum
the UK national repository for online learning & teaching materials
Spatial Data Infrastructure: Digimap and ShareGeo
Topographic mapping data, from national mapping agency
Marine & Geological mapping data
Sounds and Pictures (moving & still) as digital resource
Enhancing the cultural record as data for research
UK Access Management Federation / Shibboleth
Authentication & Authorisation

blank
<insert slides on PEPRS>

5. Framework for collaborative activity
at the regional or national level
UK
China, USA, etc
at the trans-national level
across EU
Funding Programmes
across nation states, eg ASEAN/AUNILO
Internationally
CLOCKSS: (Controlled) Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe
PEPRS

Re-thinking the reach of our stewardship
What is special about scholarship?
What is so different about digital?
What is so terrific about the tele-matics of the Internet?
All that is digital & accessed from afar
Sharing across geography with wider world
Sharing across time with future scholarship
Example
The CLOCKSS initiative www.clockss.org
World’s leading publishers agree to the routine ingest of their digital journal content into global dark archive of 11 long-lived libraries acting as Archive Nodes
Uses the LOCKSS (Lots Of Copies Keep Stuff Safe) technology that automatically checks across the Archive Nodes on the Internet to ensure bit-consistency and integrity

In September 2006, I was invited to give the plenary at the 3rd Meeting of AUNILO, on ‘Resource Sharing’. Very diverse in nearly everyway but shared geography, the leading ASEAN universities were planning an ASEAN Digital Library. Sharing infrastructure even if they had to have separate subscriptions.

A rare opportunity: In April 2008, I was fortunate to visit Egypt, another long-lived civilization, to sail down the Nile … … I awoke one morning at dawn

Academy Economy Technology That what we are doing in the universities and research organisations has enduring and wide significance, then and now. to reflect upon what I had learnt, about then and now.

Knowledge Data Information A lot of talk about knowledge manageme nt , and we do know somethings, but the challenge is still in infomration management, and even more so in data management And what do we need to support the academy, and so contribute to the economy, society and technology? Wisdom

It is September, when we mark the Equininox, when the day is as long as the night, all over the world …
It is 2009, when you mark the 60th Anniversary of the Peoples’ Republic
Many Congratulations, with offer of friendship and cooperation, to work for global scholarship across the Internet!
Re-making History and Geography

Everyday is a school day, I intend to learn more, perhaps to become a student again! In September 2009, I have the good fortune to visit China, another long-lived civilization, one that is also a society re-emerging onto the world stage. I looked to find a single image, that signifies the potential that China has to re-make history and geography. Looking to the future Many popular icons, and I have started to read the Tang poets, but in the end … And I await your questions THANK YOU … I chose this.

Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

by EDINA, University of Edinburgh

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Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China Presentation Transcript