packaging

.rpm .deb .ebuild .tgz OMG!
Eddy Mulyono
current state of packaging across distros (Ubuntu, Gentoo, rPath), lessons learned, and what's next

metadata – whoami
Gentoo
~ 3 years
bunch of Bugzilla
Sunrise committer
Ubuntu
~ 1 year
Launchpad PPA

metadata - who
User
internal
SysAdmin
package stuff!
Dev
package stuff!

whatis packaging
packages
.C.R.U.D.
package managers
related tools

why packaging?

base
“wrapper” around shellscripts

across distros
Debian (Ubuntu)
Fedora (Redhat)
Gentoo
Foresight (rPath)

Debian
1: dpkg
deps: apt

debian/rules
makefile targets
build
binary
.deb
arch, indep
clean

debian/rules: from scratch
Makefile repeats
remember autotools?

debhelper
debhelper
dh_make
generate scaffold debian/* (rules)
dh_*
wrapper scripts
scaffold pic

cdbs
debhelper all over
refactor common code
include debhelper.mk
dpatch
autotools
gnome, kde, xfce
perl, python, ant

cdbs: append
append
build::
build/mysql-common::
build/mysql-client::
build/mysql-server::

cdbs: next
dbconfig-common
wwwconfig-common
webapps-common
(mozilla-extension)
more, please

debian/control: apt
package metadata
Build-Depends
Depends
Conflicts
Suggests, Recommends

Debian: packaging dev
package archive
can't wrap my head around it.
use Launchpad PPA

Debian: A&D
dpkg-divert
debconf
packaging info all over the place
debian/rules
debian/control
debian/install

Gentoo
1: ebuild
deps: emerge
paludis

Gentoo: ebuild
ebuild: shell functions
src_unpack()
get source & patch
src_compile()
configure & make
src_install()
make install
src_test()
make test

Gentoo: ebuild (cont.)
pkg_preinst()
enewgroup & enewuser
(merge)
pkg_postinst()
gnome: menu item entry, mime handler
pkg_config()
mysql: init db, password

Gentoo: ebuild: inst v. rm
pkg_preinst()
(merge)
pkg_postinst()
pkg_prerm()
(unmerge)
pkg_postrm()

Gentoo: portage
package metadata
DEPENDS
conflicts: !package
RDEPENDS

Gentoo: eclasses
ebuild: “object-oriented” shell functions
inheritance
gnome, kde, xfce, rox, enlightenment
python, ruby, perl, mono, java
vim, elisp, xemacs
perl-module, gems, php-pear-r1

Gentoo: eclass
inherit gnome2 python
gnome2_src_unpack
python_src_unpack
src_unpack?
python_src_unpack
order matters

Gentoo: eclass notes
eclass
refactor common code
cvs, subversion, git, darcs (“live ebuilds”)
webapps
multi-instance
vhosts
Debian: webapps-common
gems, php-pear
perl-module: g-cpan

Gentoo: packaging dev
overlays
/usr/portage
/usr/local/portage
sunrise
gnome
overlays.gentoo.org
YOURs!
version bump:rename

Fedora/Redhat
1: rpm
deps: yum, up2date, zypp, urpmi

rpm specfiles
shellscript
sections (& macros)
%prep
%setup: unpack
%patch
%build
%configure
%install
%makeinstall

specfiles: into rpm
%files
%doc
%config(noreplace)
*.rpmnew
%attr(0644, root, root)
%defattr
`rust` helps

specfiles: inst v. rm
%pre
(install)
%post
%preun
(uninstall)
%postun

specfiles: (belated) introduction
package metadata
Name, %description
Requires, Conflicts

specfiles: A&D
%triggerin
%triggerun
many tools:
rpm2targz
alien
apt-rpm
Fedora, OpenSuSE, and Mandriva don't share macros

rPath/Foresight
1: cvc (kinda)
deps: conary

conary package.recipe
class Foo(PackageRecipe)
def setup(r)
r.addArchive('http://...')
r.addPatch()
r.Configure('--with-gtk')
r.Make('all')
r.MakeInstall()
r.Run('ls')
AutoPackageRecipe

super classes
AutoPackageRecipe
Gnome PR
kdeCore PR
CPAN PR
RPM PR

super classes (2)
multiple inheritance
Python mixin

cvc
pkg repo~ver ctrl repo
cvc newpkg
cvc co
(edit, cook .recipe)
cvc ci
distributed VCS repo
shadow (branch)
co
(edit, cook .recipe)
ci
merge
(upstream) promote (pull)

conary A&D
Python
dvcs
rollback
changeset:config files
steep learning curve
trove, flavor, ...
verbose syntax to specify package
Tom Lord's Arch
shortcuts :)
relatively young

Loose Ends

chroots
Debian: pbuilder
Fedora: mock
rPath: rmake
Gentoo: catalyst
LiveCD

Build Services
Ubuntu: Launchpad PPA (apt repo)
Fedora: Koji
rPath: rBuilder Online (VM)
OpenSuSE: Build Service (obs) (one click)
open source!
Gentoo: tinderbox
some dude's DistCC farm

Devs: why pkg-ing?
build system
distribution system
LP PPA
obs 1 click install

SysAdmins: why pkg-ing?
“encode” best practices
apache2
phpmyadmin
don't document, package!

users: why pkg-ing?
“easier” deployment
pre-built
dependencies

what's next

what's next: CPANism
Perl CPAN, Ruby gems, PHP PEAR & PECL, PyPI, R CRAN
Mozilla extensions, Eclipse plugins
should os distro handle this?
if so, how?
Debian: manual (py-support, py-central)
Gentoo: auto-generate
ex needed by non-Perl
666+
if not, how?

what's next: Java
current practice: bundle JARs
Gentoo is doing fun stuff
Maven

what's next: PackageKit
one UI to rule them all
apt
conary
yum
zypp
...

what's next: Windows
Pidgin: GTK
XChat: GTK
GIMP: GTK
KDE on Windows
Games: DirectX

exit
Things are getting better
Many challenges ahead
Thanx!

References
http://docs.fedoraproject.org/drafts/rpm-guide-en/index.html
http://wiki.rpath.com/
http://www.packagekit.org/
http://flickr.com/photos/mknowles/47457221/sizes/m/
http://www.supermanhomepage.com/multimedia/Wallpaper-Images/superman-supergirl-tb.html
http://flickr.com/photos/juiceboxgasoline/98539782/
http://flickr.com/photos/drh/2256587356/
http://www.fpa.nifc.gov/Library/Documentation/FPA_PM_Reference_Information/Output/images/gis_layers.jpg

packaging

by Eddy Mulyono on Apr 11, 2008

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