Open SQL & Internal Table

ABAP Chapter 3

Open SQL

Internal Table

SAP System : 3 Tier Client/Server DB Server SAP Application Server SAP GUI Presentation Server SAP GUI SAP GUI

SAP SYSTEM (3 Tier Architecture) Presentation Layer (Windows based) Application Layer (Windows Server/UNIX) Database Server Database Layer (Windows Server/UNIX) M SAP Instance Oracle Informix DB2 MS SQL Server SAP DB/MaxDB G Dispatcher Request Queue D D B V S E SAP Buffer (Shared Mem) SAP GUI SAP GUI

SAP System : Dialog Processing Database Server Application Server Dispatcher Request Queue D D D D … SAP Buffer Program Table … 1 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Report zpsm1. Tables customers. Select single * from customers where id = 1. Write: / customers-name. Execute ABAP statement Check Program in Program Buffer 7 Load&Gen Program SQL Request Send List Generate Screen(List) Send Request Request List 2 Search for free WP Store request to queue Send request to WP SAP GUI

Dialog Work Process Architecture TaskHandler DYNPRO Processor ABAP Processor Local Memory Memory Space DB Interface List buffer Database Server Dialog Work Process Result Set Memory

Open SQL

SELECT ...

INSERT ...

UPDATE ...

DELETE ...

DB Interface SAP Application Server Local Memory Dialog WP TaskHandler DB Interface Result Set Database Server ~ 32 KB in length ABAP Processor DYNPRO Memory Space List Buffer

Example Tables in DB

spfli

customers BK NY NY cityto 250 SQ 0110 SQ 540 BK 0402 LH 100 LA 0400 LH distance cityfrom connid carrid London David 3 Singapore Peter 2 New York John 1 city name id

Example Tables in DB sflight 75 20010226 0110 SQ 130 20010228 0400 LH 145 20010110 0400 LH 150 20010101 0400 LH price fldate connid carrid

Select Overview

Select < result > Which Columns?

From < table > Which Table?

Into < destination > Where to place?

Where < condition > Which Lines?

Select Statement

Select multiple records from database

Select single record from database

SELECT * FROM customers. … ENDSELECT. SELECT SINGLE * FROM customers WHERE id = 1. …

Select Multiple Records

Tables spfli.

Seclect * from spfli.

write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid,

spf li-cityto.

endselect.

if sy-subrc <> 0.

write: / ‘No Data’.

endif.

Dialog WP

Dialog WP

TaskHandler DYNPRO Processor ABAP Processor Database Local Memory Memory Space DB Interface Lis t b uffer Result Set

SELECT Statement Working Steps 1. Transform open SQL to DB SQL and return result set into result set work area SELECT * FROM spfli. … ENDSELECT. SELECT * FROM spfli; 2. Loop with data in result set and transfer each record to work area in memory space SELECT * FROM spfli. … ENDSELECT. Table Structure in Memory Space

Select … Into Table Structure

Tables spfli.

Seclect * from spfli into spfli .

spfli-cityfrom, spfli-cityto.

endselect.

if sy-subrc <> 0.

endif.

Select … Into Work Area

Data wa like spfli.

Seclect * from spfli into wa .

write: / wa -carrid, wa -connid,

wa -cityfrom, wa -cityto.

endselect.

if sy-subrc <> 0.

endif.

Exercise I customers-id customers-name customers-city

SELECT with WHERE Clause

Loop Processing with Restriction

Tables spfli.

Select * from spfli

where cityfrom = ‘FRANKFURT’.

write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-cityto.

endselect.

If sy-subrc <> 0.

write / ‘no data’.

endif.

Select With Range

Tables sflight.

Select * From sflight

Where price between 100 and 1000.

Write: / sflight-carrid, sflight-connid,

sflight-price.

Endselect.

SELECT … With IN List

Tables sflight.

Select * From sflight

Where price in ( 100, 1000 ).

Write: / sflight-carrid, sflight-connid,

sflight-price.

Endselect.

Select Single Record

Table s spfli.

Select single * from spfli

where carrid = ‘LH’ and

connid = ‘0400’.

if sy-subrc = 0.

spfli-cityfrom, spfli-cityto.

else.

write: / ‘Data not found’.

endif.

Select Column List

Select * : Example SELECT *

Reading Selected Column

Data: id like customers - id,

name like customers-name,

city like customers-city.

Select id name city

into ( id , name, city )

from customers.

write: / id, name, city .

endselect.

if sy-subrc <> 0.

write / ‘No Data found ’.

endif.

Data: begin of wa,

id like customers - id,

city like customers-city,

end of wa.

Select id name city

into wa

from customers.

write: / wa-id, wa-name , wa-city .

endselect.

if sy-subrc <> 0.

endif.

Select Column : Example I

Tables customers.

Select id name city

into (customers-id, customers-name, customers-city)

from customers.

write: / customers-id, customers-name, customers-city .

endselect.

if sy-subrc <> 0.

endif.

Select Column : Example II

Corresponding Fields of...

Tables: customers.

Select id name city

into corresponding fields of customers

from customers.

Write: / customers-id, customers-name,

customers-city.

Endselect.

Select Statement : Special Topics

DB Count : SY-DBCNT

Tables customers.

Select * from customers.

write: / sy-dbcnt , customers-id, customers-name .

endselect.

if sy-subrc <> 0.

write : / ‘No Data found ’.

else.

write: / sy-dbcnt, ‘Record found’.

endif.

SELECT … ORDER BY ...

Tables: spfli.

Select * from spfli

Order by cityfrom .

Write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid,

spfli-cityfrom.

Endselect.

SELECT … With Template

Tables customers.

Select * From customers

Where name Like ‘_ r %’.

Write: / customers-id,customers-name.

Endselect.

Aggregate Functions

Data: maxdat like sflight-distance,

mindat like sflight-distance,

counter type I.

Select C OUNT ( * ) M IN ( distance ) M AX ( distance )

into (counter , m in dat, m ax dat)

from spfli.

Write: / ‘Count :’ , counter ,

/ ‘Min :’ , mindat,

/ ‘Max :’ , maxdat .

Aggregate Functions : COUNT,MIN,MAX,AVG and SUM

SELECT … GROUP BY ...

Data: carrid like sflight-carrid,

mindat Type P Decimals 2,

maxdat Type P Decimals 2.

Select carrid Min( price ) Max( price )

Into (carrid, mindat, maxdat)

From sflight

Group by carrid.

Write: / carrid, mindat, maxdat.

Endselect.

อยากทราบว่า ในแต่ละสายการบิน มีราคาตั๋วต่ำสุดและสูงสุดเท่าไร sflight 75 20010226 0110 SQ 130 20010228 0400 LH 145 20010110 0400 LH 150 20010101 0400 LH Price fldate connid carrid

Sub Query

tables customers.

select *

from customers

where id <> 1 and

city =

( select city

from customers

where id = 1 ).

write: / customers-id, customers-name.

endselect.

ลูกค้าคนใดที่อยู่เมืองเดียวกับลูกค้ารหัส ID 1

Exercise I customers-id customers-name customers-city ห้ามใช้ SELECT *

Exercise II usr02-ltime usr02-trdat usr02-bname ห้ามใช้ SELECT *

ABAP : Inner Join

Tables Join

spfli

sflight BK NY BK cityto 250 SQ 0110 SQ 540 BK 0402 LH 100 NY 0400 LH distance cityfrom connid carrid 75 20010226 0110 SQ 130 20010228 0400 LH 145 20010110 0400 LH 150 20010101 0400 LH price fldate connid carrid

Tables Join

Question: Select carrid, connid and cityto from spfli

and fldate,price from sflight where carrid = ‘LH’

spfli-carrid spfli-connid sflight-fldate spfli-cityto sflight-price

เงื่อนไข : ให้แสดงข้อมูลเฉพาะสายการบิน ‘ LH’ เท่านั้น

Standard SQL

Select spfli.carrid, spfli.connid, sflight.fldate,

sflight.price

From spfli, sflight

Where spfli.carrid = sflight.carrid and

spfli.connid = sflight.connid and

spfli.carrid = ‘LH’;

Tables Join Methods

Nested select statement

Internal table

View

Inner join of Select statement

Nested Select Statement

Tables: spfli,sflight.

Select * from spfli where carrid = ‘LH’.

Select * from sflight

where carrid = spfli-carrid and

connid = spfli-connid.

Write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate,

sflight-price.

Endselect.

Endselect.

Open SQL – Inner Join

Select spfli~carrid spfli~connid sflight~fldate spfli~cityto sflight~price

into (spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, spfli-cityto, sflight-price)

from spfli inner join sflight

on spfli~carrid = sflight~carrid and

spfli~connid = sflight~connid

where spfli~carrid = ‘LH’.

Write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate,

spfli-cityto, sflight-price.

Endselect.

Tables: A,B.

Select A~a B~b B~c

into (A-a,B-b,B-c)

from A inner join B

on A~b = B~b.

Write: / A-a,B-b,B-c.

Endselect.

Table : A Table : B A-a B-b B-c b2 a2 b1 a1 b a c2 b2 c3 b3 c1 b1 c b

Open SQL – Inner Join Table : A Table : B Single Result Table(Result set) Select … inner join.. Endselect. Database Server Application Server 1 2 b2 a2 b1 a1 b a c2 b2 c3 b3 c1 b1 c b b2 b1 B~b c2 a2 c1 a1 B~c A~a

Open SQL – Alias Table Name

Select a~carrid a~connid b~fldate a~cityto b~price

into (spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, spfli-cityto, sflight-price)

from spfli as a inner join sflight as b

on a~carrid = b~carrid and

a~connid = b~connid

where a~carrid = ‘LH’.

Write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, spfli-cityto, sflight-price.

Endselect.

Inner Join/Outer Join Example ZPRODUCTS ZSALES ZSALEREPS ZCUSTOMERS 432555 Singapore David 3 234111 Bangkok Micheal 4 222222 London Peter 2 111111 New York John 1 tel city name id CD Tape Ruler Pencil Pen prod_name 120 X1 80 B1 99 Y1 125 A2 100 A1 on_hand p_id 90 50 10 qty 02 20020321 X1 3 01 20020318 A2 1 01 20020318 A1 1 sale_id sale_date prod_id cust_id Pipop 02 Somchai 01 name sale_id

REPORT ZINNERJOIN01 .

TABLES: ZCUSTOMERS,ZSALES.

SELECT A~NAME B~PROD_ID

INTO (ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID)

FROM ZSALES AS B INNER JOIN ZCUSTOMERS AS A

ON B~CUST_ID = A~ID.

WRITE: / ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID.

ENDSELECT.

Open SQL – Inner Join > 2 Tables

Tables: A,B,C.

Select A~a B~c C~y

into (A-a,B-c,C-y)

from A inner join B

on A~b = B~b

inner join C

on C~x = B~c.

Write: / A-a,B-c,C-y.

Endselect.

Table : A Table : B Table : C A-a B-c C-y … … b a ... … … … ... … c b ... … y x

Open SQL – Inner Join > 2 Tables

TABLES: ZCUSTOMERS,ZPRODUCTS,ZSALES.

SELECT A~NAME C~PROD_NAME B~QTY

INTO (ZCUSTOMERS-NAME, ZPRODUCTS-PROD_NAME, ZSALES-QTY)

ON B~CUST_ID = A~ID

INNER JOIN ZPRODUCTS AS C

ON C~P_ID = B~PROD_ID.

WRITE: / ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZPRODUCTS-PROD_NAME,ZSALES-QTY.

ENDSELECT.

Exercise

List customers who buy product from company as following fields:

zcustomers-id

zcustomers-name

zsales-sale_date

zproducts-prod_name

zsales-qty

zsalereps-name

Exercise : User Master USR02-BNAME USR02-TRDAT ADCP-TEL_NUMBER USR02 USR21 ADCP BNAME PERSNUMBER ADDRNUMBER Tables Relationship

ABAP : Outer Join

Open SQL – Outer Join

REPORT ZOUTERJOIN .

FROM ZCUSTOMERS AS A LEFT OUTER JOIN ZSALES AS B

ON A~ID = B~CUST_ID.

ENDSELECT.

Single Result Table B~PROD_ID A~NAME X1 David Micheal Peter A2 John A1 John

Exercise

List customers name who do not buy any product from company

Sub Query

REPORT ZSUBQUERY .

tables: zcustomers.

select * from zcustomers as a

where not exists

( select *

from zsales as b

where b~cust_id = a~id ).

write: / zcustomers-name.

endselect.

ลูกค้าชื่ออะไรที่ไม่ได้ซื้อสินค้าจากเรา มีใครบ้าง

Internal Table

Data Objects in ABAP

Memory Space

Structure Table Structure Internal Table Variable Constants <Field-symbols>

INTERNAL TABLE

Flight (Structure)

Carrid Connid Date Price Internal Table Flight (Internal Table) Carrid Connid Date Price Header Line

Structure

Data: Begin of flight,

carrid like sflight-carrid,

connid like sflight-connid,

date like sflight-fldate,

price like sflight-price.

Data: End of flight.

flight-carrid = ‘LH’.

Write: / flight-carrid.

INTERNAL TABLE

Data: begin of tab occurs 10,

carrid like sflight-carrid,

connid like sflight-connid,

fldate like sflight-fldate,

price like sflight-price.

Data end of tab.

USING ABAP DICTIONARY STRUCTURE

Data: begin of tab occurs 0 .

Include structure sflight.

Data end of tab.

INTERNAL TABLE USING LIKE

Data tab LIKE sflight OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE .

FILLING INTERNAL TABLE (APPEND)

Tables sflight.

Data flight like sflight occurs 0 with header line.

Select * from sflight.

Move sflight to flight.

Append flight.

Endselect.

Standard Key of Internal Table Data: begin of tab occurs 0, f1 type C , f2 type I, f3 type N , f4 type P, end of tab. tab f4 f3 f2 f1

Reading Data From Internal Table

Data tab like sflight occurs 0 with header line.

Select * from sflight into table tab .

If sy-subrc = 0.

Loop at tab.

Write: / tab-carrid, tab-price.

Endloop.

Else.

Write: / ‘No Data’.

Endif.

Access Database Without Internal Table

Access Database Using Internal Table

Reading Data From Internal Table

Data : begin of tab occurs 0 ,

id like customers-id,

end of tab.

Select id name from customers into table tab .

If sy-subrc = 0.

Loop at tab.

Write: / tab-id, tab -name .

Endloop.

else .

Write : / ‘No Data’.

Endif.

Exercise I : Change Using Internal Table

SORTING INTERNAL TABLE (SORT)

Sort flight.

Sort flight by price fldate.

Sort flight by price ascending

fldate descending.

Data tab like spfli occurs 0 with header line.

Select * from spfli into table tab.

Sort tab by cityfrom.

…

Loop at tab.

write: / tab-carrid, tab-connid,tab-cityfrom.

Endloop.

SORTING INTERNAL TABLE

PROCESSING INTERNAL TABLE

...

Loop at flight.

Write: / flight-carrid, flight-connid.

Endloop.

Loop at flight where carrid = ‘LH’.

Write: / flight-carrid , flight-connid.

Endloop.

Loop at flight from 1 to 10.

Write: / sy-tabix , flight-carrid , flight-connid.

Endloop.

Internal Table Template Condition

...

loop at tab where name cp ‘+r*’.

...

Reading Single Record

...

Sort flight by carrid connid fldate .

Read table flight

with key c arrid = ‘LH’

c onnid = ‘0400’

fldate = ‘19990201’

Binary Search.

if sy-subrc = 0 .

write : / flight-carrid,flight-connid,

flight-fldate, flight-price.

endif.

Reading Single Record using Index

...

Read table flight index 3.

If sy-subrc = 0.

write: / flight-carrid , flight-connid .

Endif.

CHANGING INTERNAL TABLE

...

Delete flight index 5.

Delete flight where carrid = ‘LH’.

flight-carrid = ‘XX’.

flight-price = 100.

…

Insert flight index 1.

DELETING INTERNAL TABLE

Clear flight.

Refresh flight.

Free flight.

DATA flight LIKE sflight occurs 0 with header line.

Total Record of Internal Table

Data: line_count type i.

Data tab like sflight occurs 0 with header line.

Select * from sflight into table tab.

Describe table tab lines line_count.

Write: / line_count.

Exercise I

Internal Table Processing

Data tab like spfli occurs 0 with Header line.

…

Select * from spfli

appending table tab

where carrid = ‘LH’.

SELECT … INNER JOIN

ENDSELECT.

Inner Join into Internal Table

REPORT ZJOIN01 .

DATA: begin of tab occurs 0,

name like zcustomers-name,

prod_id like zsales-prod_id,

end of tab.

INTO TABLE tab

…

LOOP AT tab.

WRITE: / TAB-NAME,TAB-PROD_ID.

ENDLOOP.

Internal Table Without Header Line

DATA tab LIKE customers OCCURS 0.

DATA wa LIKE customers.

…

LOOP AT tab INTO wa .

WRITE: / wa-id, wa-name.

ENDLOOP.

Internal Table Declaration

DATA tab TYPE TABLE OF customers.

DATA wa LIKE LINE OF customers.

…

ABAP Practice

Database Table Processing

INSERT

UPDATE

MODIFY

DELETE

Database

Insert (Table)

Tables customers.

customers-id = ‘999’.

customers-name = ‘Test’.

Insert customers.

if sy-subrc <> 0.

write: / ‘Data Already Exists’.

endif.

Update Statement

Tables customers.

Select single * from customers where id = 1.

If sy-subrc = 0.

customers-name = ‘John’.

update customers.

Endif.

Update customers set name = ‘John’ where id = 1.

Update Statement

Data wa like customers.

wa -id = ‘1’.

wa-nam e = ‘Test No 1’.

wa-city = ‘Bangkok’.

update customers from wa .

If sy-subrc <> 0.

write: / ‘Data not found’.

Endif.

Modify Statement

Tables customers.

customers-name = ‘Test No 1’.

Modify customers.

Deleting Database Table Entries

Tables customers.

Delete customers.

Delete customers From Table delcustomers.

Delete From customers Where city = ‘ Bangkok ’.

Exercise II

Exercise II usr02-ltime usr02-trdat usr02-bname 1. ห้ามใช้ SELECT * 2. ใช้ Internal Table

Exercise III

Tables Relationship for User Master USR02-BNAME USR02-TRDAT ADCP-TEL_NUMBER USR02 USR21 ADCP BNAME PERSNUMBER ADDRNUMBER Tables Relationship

Exercise III : User Master usr02-bname usr02-trdat adcp-tel_number ใช้ Internal Table

Open SQL & Internal Table

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