FARMING OUT The integration of public parkland and active farmland on the Newman Farm as a new model for small-scale sustainable farming on the urban edge

Figure 1. Food, Humans, Shelter, Environment. (Collage by Erin Leben, 2007) Introduction

Context: A history of the North American farm Figure 4. Steel-tipped hand plow designed by John Deer (Hurt, 1994, p. 136). Figure 3. Illustration of an 1874 Illinois family farm with a worm fence (Dreicer, 1996, p. 24). Figure 2. Nebraskan farm portrait, 1870s (Hancocks, 1971, p. 33).

Figure 5. 1928 tractor used to power a feed grinder and elevator (Hurt, 1994, p. 248). Figure 6. Barb-wire fence (Dreicer, 1996, p. 46).

Figure 7. Aerial view of Magrath, Alberta industrial farming operation (Google Earth, 2007).

Figure 9. German farm village (wurst.koechersberg.de, 2007). Figure 8. Aerial view of farm-scape (Folch, 2004). Site Planning: North American Structure vs. the European model

Figure 10. Selling grain to a grain elevator (www.lib.niu.edu, 2007). Sustainability as a catalyst for reform

Figure11. Vancouver Island, Saanich Penninsula and Newman Farm (Illustration by Erin Leben, 2007) Saanichton case study: The historic Newman Farm

Figure 12. The Newman farm and surrounding trails and roadways (Google Earth, District of Central Saanich, 2007) Context: Site

Figure 13. The Newman farm (photograph by Erin Leben, 2007). Figure 14. Farming on stilts (photograph by John Newman).

Biodynamic Farming Community Supported Agriculture The Newman Farm Farm as a holistic ecosystem made up of communities/nodes nodes have time-based cycles - species move through nodes CSAs are a product of the biodynamic movement, yet the consumer is regarded as an external supporter/visitor The Newmans farmed under the principles of biodynamic farming, and the adaptation of the farm as a park must bring tourism in as an integral species within the system.

Farm as a holistic ecosystem

made up of communities/nodes

nodes have time-based cycles

- species move through nodes

Figure 15. Site conditions (Erin Leben, 2007). Site Conditions Water flow Soil drainage, fertility Vegetation: Trees and hedgerows Landscape - functional zones, site organization and quantity of built intervention Species circulation: Wildlife, people, domestic animals Solar angles and shade

Figure 16. Newman’s response, site plan and building sections (Erin Leben, 2007).

Figure 17. Newman Park adaptations (Erin Leben, 2007). Newman Park adaptations Diversity of landscape articulated in 4 distinct zones Division of pastures and areas for market gardens and community gardens Entrance points and backup municipal services Circulation, utility path with rotational pastures accommodating rotating tourist public Passive collection of water and solar energy, transported along main fence line

Figure 18. Newman park site plan and axonometric (Erin leben, 2007). Zones of Landscape

Figure 19. Entry perspective (Erin Leben, 2007).

Figure 20. Dairy barn perspective (Erin Leben, 2007).

Figure 21. Dairy barninterior perspective (Erin Leben, 2007).

Figure 22. Forest pavilion perspective (Erin Leben, 2007).

Figure 23. Bridge perspective (Erin Leben, 2007).

Figure 24. Waterfront perspective (Erin Leben, 2007).

Figure 25. The moon over the Newman farm (photograph by John Newman).