Drupal Development

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Notes on slide 1







Core - bootstrap, route incoming page requests to modules
Modules - Build page content and respond to events
Many third-party modules, some build on top of other modules
Theme - Turn data from modules into HTML.



We’ll be concentrating on the module side of things today.

Core - bootstrap, route incoming page requests to modules
Modules - Build page content and respond to events
Many third-party modules, some build on top of other modules
Theme - Turn data from modules into HTML.



We’ll be concentrating on the module side of things today.

Core - bootstrap, route incoming page requests to modules
Modules - Build page content and respond to events
Many third-party modules, some build on top of other modules
Theme - Turn data from modules into HTML.



We’ll be concentrating on the module side of things today.

Core - bootstrap, route incoming page requests to modules
Modules - Build page content and respond to events
Many third-party modules, some build on top of other modules
Theme - Turn data from modules into HTML.



We’ll be concentrating on the module side of things today.

Core - bootstrap, route incoming page requests to modules
Modules - Build page content and respond to events
Many third-party modules, some build on top of other modules
Theme - Turn data from modules into HTML.



We’ll be concentrating on the module side of things today.

Core - bootstrap, route incoming page requests to modules
Modules - Build page content and respond to events
Many third-party modules, some build on top of other modules
Theme - Turn data from modules into HTML.



We’ll be concentrating on the module side of things today.

Core - bootstrap, route incoming page requests to modules
Modules - Build page content and respond to events
Many third-party modules, some build on top of other modules
Theme - Turn data from modules into HTML.



We’ll be concentrating on the module side of things today.

Core - bootstrap, route incoming page requests to modules
Modules - Build page content and respond to events
Many third-party modules, some build on top of other modules
Theme - Turn data from modules into HTML.



We’ll be concentrating on the module side of things today.

Core - bootstrap, route incoming page requests to modules
Modules - Build page content and respond to events
Many third-party modules, some build on top of other modules
Theme - Turn data from modules into HTML.



We’ll be concentrating on the module side of things today.

This is a module. Two files, A few lines of code.
In Drupal, that’s all you need to customize the behavior of the system and add new functionality.

A little more complicated. Shorter function, has an .install file.


This is a module, too. Views, one of Drupal’s most popular, contains over 400 files, over a meg of code and inline docs.
Don’t worry, there’s a middle ground.
We’re going to cover what they have in common.

This is a module, too. Views, one of Drupal’s most popular, contains over 400 files, over a meg of code and inline docs.
Don’t worry, there’s a middle ground.
We’re going to cover what they have in common.



Part 1: user with a web browser makes a request.
sends a URL, optionally a cookie.



http://www.mysite.com/articles/welcome.html


Apache intercepts the request.
Possibly routes it to other servers
What folder should I look in for foo.com?
Normally, it would then check /articles for a welcome.html file and send it back.
.htaccess turns foo.com/blah into foo.com/index.php?q=blah
...And PHP takes over.

Apache intercepts the request.
Possibly routes it to other servers
What folder should I look in for foo.com?
Normally, it would then check /articles for a welcome.html file and send it back.
.htaccess turns foo.com/blah into foo.com/index.php?q=blah
...And PHP takes over.

Apache intercepts the request.
Possibly routes it to other servers
What folder should I look in for foo.com?
Normally, it would then check /articles for a welcome.html file and send it back.
.htaccess turns foo.com/blah into foo.com/index.php?q=blah
...And PHP takes over.

Apache intercepts the request.
Possibly routes it to other servers
What folder should I look in for foo.com?
Normally, it would then check /articles for a welcome.html file and send it back.
.htaccess turns foo.com/blah into foo.com/index.php?q=blah
...And PHP takes over.

Bootstrap
All page requests go through index.php (front-side controller)
Bootstrap Drupal core, load essential includes
What site am I running? connect to database
Is there a cookie? Load the user.
Now, ask for menu items...

Bootstrap
All page requests go through index.php (front-side controller)
Bootstrap Drupal core, load essential includes
What site am I running? connect to database
Is there a cookie? Load the user.
Now, ask for menu items...

Bootstrap
All page requests go through index.php (front-side controller)
Bootstrap Drupal core, load essential includes
What site am I running? connect to database
Is there a cookie? Load the user.
Now, ask for menu items...

Bootstrap
All page requests go through index.php (front-side controller)
Bootstrap Drupal core, load essential includes
What site am I running? connect to database
Is there a cookie? Load the user.
Now, ask for menu items...

Bootstrap
All page requests go through index.php (front-side controller)
Bootstrap Drupal core, load essential includes
What site am I running? connect to database
Is there a cookie? Load the user.
Now, ask for menu items...

The module
Why, yes! Here’s a list of all the URLs I can handle.
Explain each line. See api.drupal.org
This is called a hook. We’ll get to this later.

The module
Why, yes! Here’s a list of all the URLs I can handle.
Explain each line. See api.drupal.org
This is called a hook. We’ll get to this later.

Traffic Cop
Is welcome.html an SEO-friendly alias? (about/welcome vs. welcome.html)
Find the best match. (about)
Run access checks.
Call the function, passing along unused pieces of the path


Grunt work
Module’s function gets called. Extra params passed along.
That’s how node module works -- ‘node’ plus a wildcard
Can do anything now: print out JSON and exit(), etc.
To build a normal page, build HTML and return it.

Grunt work
Module’s function gets called. Extra params passed along.
That’s how node module works -- ‘node’ plus a wildcard
Can do anything now: print out JSON and exit(), etc.
To build a normal page, build HTML and return it.

Presentation
Checks for 404, 403, and empty page.
index.php now has the contents of the page.
theme(‘page’, $content)
Sidebar blocks get loaded, the theme system is given a chance to add CSS and JS, etc.


Presentation
Checks for 404, 403, and empty page.
index.php now has the contents of the page.
theme(‘page’, $content)
Sidebar blocks get loaded, the theme system is given a chance to add CSS and JS, etc.


Presentation
Checks for 404, 403, and empty page.
index.php now has the contents of the page.
theme(‘page’, $content)
Sidebar blocks get loaded, the theme system is given a chance to add CSS and JS, etc.


Oh, look. Welcome.html!
Apache gets back the fully rendered HTML. Sweet.
Document gets fired back to the user.
The user’s browser renders it -- and they click on the next link and the process starts all over again.

Important detail: when drupal asked about menus and modules responded, we saw a hook.
hooks are everywhere: when pieces of content load, when a db query is run, when a user logs in…
that’s a drupal event. module_invoke_all(‘hook’) => for modules()… _menu()
Modules can create their own hooks just by calling module_invoke_all()

As a Drupal page is built, events are firing nonstop.

As a Drupal page is built, events are firing nonstop.

As a Drupal page is built, events are firing nonstop.

As a Drupal page is built, events are firing nonstop.

As a Drupal page is built, events are firing nonstop.

As a Drupal page is built, events are firing nonstop.

As a Drupal page is built, events are firing nonstop.

As a Drupal page is built, events are firing nonstop.

As a Drupal page is built, events are firing nonstop.













Hooks can announce what’s going on
Allow modules to answer questions
Allow modules to extend functionality
Allow modules to change existing workflows

Hooks can announce what’s going on
Allow modules to answer questions
Allow modules to extend functionality
Allow modules to change existing workflows

Hooks can announce what’s going on
Allow modules to answer questions
Allow modules to extend functionality
Allow modules to change existing workflows

Hooks can announce what’s going on
Allow modules to answer questions
Allow modules to extend functionality
Allow modules to change existing workflows

Hooks can announce what’s going on
Allow modules to answer questions
Allow modules to extend functionality
Allow modules to change existing workflows

What does “hacking core” mean?
Why is it bad?

What does “hacking core” mean?
Why is it bad?

























4 Favorites

Drupal Development - Presentation Transcript

  1. Drupal Code: Day 1 where am i, and how did i get all these arrays
  2. Hi. I’m eaton.
  3. Drupal is... http://www.flickr.com/photos/druclimb/282597447/
  4. Drupal is... Drupal Core http://www.flickr.com/photos/druclimb/282597447/
  5. Drupal is... Node Drupal Core User http://www.flickr.com/photos/druclimb/282597447/
  6. Drupal is... Views Five Star CCK Node Drupal Core User http://www.flickr.com/photos/druclimb/282597447/
  7. Drupal is... Theme Views Five Star CCK Node Drupal Core User http://www.flickr.com/photos/druclimb/282597447/
  8. Drupal is... Theme Views Five Star CCK Node Drupal Core User http://www.flickr.com/photos/druclimb/282597447/
  9. name = Demo description = Just a simple demo module. core = 6.x function demo_nodeapi(&$node, $op) { global $user; if ($op == ‘view’) { if ($node->uid == $user->uid) { $node->title . ‘ [YOUR ARTICLE]’; } } } demo.info demo.module
  10. name = Tricky description = A slightly trickier module. core = 6.x function tricky_form_alter(&form, $form_state, $id) { if ($id == ‘node_form’) { $title[‘#required’] = FALSE; } } function tricky_install() { drupal_set_message(‘You just installed Tricky!’); } tricky.info tricky.module tricky.install
  11. views.info views.module views.inc user.inc node.inc blog.inc comment.inc ui.info ui.module arguments.inc handlers.inc filters.inc query.inc sprout.info sprout.module forum.inc views.pages.inc table.inc views.install sprout.install sprout.admin.inc sprout.inc CHANGELOG README
  12. views.info views.module views.inc user.inc node.inc blog.inc comment.inc ui.info ui.module arguments.inc handlers.inc filters.inc query.inc sprout.info sprout.module forum.inc views.pages.inc table.inc views.install sprout.install sprout.admin.inc sprout.inc CHANGELOG README
  13. views.info views.module views.inc user.inc node.inc blog.inc comment.inc ui.info ui.module arguments.inc handlers.inc filters.inc query.inc sprout.info sprout.module forum.inc views.pages.inc table.inc views.install sprout.install sprout.admin.inc sprout.inc CHANGELOG README
  14. under the hood http://www.flickr.com/photos/sprakope/143770402/
  15. I’d like welcome.html!
  16. I’d like welcome.html!
  17. I’ll go get that html file!
  18. I’ll go get that html file!
  19. I’ll go get that html file! .htaccess says to check… index.php?q=welcome.html
  20. Index.php? I’ve got that.
  21. Index.php? I’ve got that. bootstrap.inc menu.inc random mysql user
  22. Here are all my URLs…
  23. function mymodule_menu() { $items['about'] = array( 'title' => 'About us', 'description' => 'A description of us.', 'page callback' => 'mymodule_about', 'access arguments' => array('access content'), ); return $items; } Here are all my URLs…
  24. function mymodule_menu() { $items['about'] = array( 'title' => 'About us', 'description' => 'A description of us.', 'page callback' => 'mymodule_about', 'access arguments' => array('access content'), ); return $items; } Here are all my URLs…
  25. What’s the best match?
  26. What’s the best match? Is welcome.html an alias? Does anyone handle the path? Does the user have access?
  27. I’ll build the contents.
  28. function mymodule_about($subpage = ‘legal’) { if ($subpage == ‘legal’) { return “We don’t have lawyers yet.”; } if ($subpage == ‘welcome’) { return “Welcome to our web site!”; } } I’ll build the contents.
  29. function mymodule_about($subpage = ‘legal’) { if ($subpage == ‘legal’) { return “We don’t have lawyers yet.”; } if ($subpage == ‘welcome’) { return “Welcome to our web site!”; } } I’ll build the contents.
  30. I’ll take that HTML...
  31. I’ll take that HTML...
  32. I’ll take that HTML...
  33. I’ll take that HTML...
  34. Here’s index.php… Eh, looks like welcome.html…
  35. don’t use a hack. hook! http://www.flickr.com/photos/lanier67/185311136/
  36. A list of content types A user is is being built registering A node is being Content is being displayed searched The menu is Links are being being built displayed The database is being queried A comment is being posted A form is being processed
  37. module_invoke_all(‘foo’)
  38. yourmodule_foo()
  39. theirmodule_foo() mymodule_foo() yourmodule_foo() hismodule_foo() hermodule_foo()
  40. function demo_nodeapi(&$node, $op) { global $user; if ($op == ‘view’ && $node->uid == $user->uid) { $node->title . ‘ [YOUR ARTICLE]’; } } function demo_form_alter(&form, $form_state, $id) { if ($id == ‘node_form’) { $title[‘#required’] = FALSE; } }
  41. i
  42. i ?
  43. i ?
  44. i ?
  45. i All w i t h o u t h a ng ing Dr u p a l’s c o w n c o de ! ?
  46. Don’t. Hack. Core.
  47. Don’t. Hack. Core.
  48. let’s see a module! http://www.flickr.com/photos/gonzales2010/8632116/
  49. name = Birthday description = Wishes users a happy birthday. requirements[] = user core = 6.x
  50. name = Birthday description = Wishes users a happy birthday. requirements[] = user core = 6.x
  51. /** * Allows users to save their birthday, * and congratulates them on the big day. */ function birthday_menu() { $items['admin/settings/birthdays'] = array( 'title' => 'Birthday settings', 'description' => 'Settings for birthdays.', 'page callback' => 'birthday_page', 'access arguments' => array('administer users'), ); return $items; } function birthday_page() { return drupal_get_form('birthday_form'); }
  52. /** * Allows users to save their birthday, * and congratulates them on the big day. */ function birthday_menu() { $items['admin/settings/birthdays'] = array( 'title' => 'Birthday settings', 'description' => 'Settings for birthdays.', 'page callback' => 'birthday_page', 'access arguments' => array('administer users'), ); return $items; } function birthday_page() { return drupal_get_form('birthday_form'); }
  53. function birthday_form() { $form['birthday_age'] = array( '#type' => 'checkbox', '#title' => t(\"Show users how old they are.\"), '#default_value' => variable_get('age', TRUE), ); $form['submit'] = array( '#type' => 'submit', '#value' => t('Save settings'), ); return $form; } function birthday_form_submit($form, $form_state) { $values = $form_state['values']; variable_set('age', $values['birthday_age']); drupal_set_message(t('Birthday settings saved.')); }
  54. function birthday_form() { $form['birthday_age'] = array( '#type' => 'checkbox', '#title' => t(\"Show users how old they are.\"), '#default_value' => variable_get('age', TRUE), ); $form['submit'] = array( '#type' => 'submit', '#value' => t('Save settings'), ); return $form; } function birthday_form_submit($form, $form_state) { $values = $form_state['values']; variable_set('age', $values['birthday_age']); drupal_set_message(t('Birthday settings saved.')); }
  55. function birthday_user($op, &$edit, &$account) { if ($op == 'view' && $day = $account->birthday) { $timestamp = mktime(0, 0, 0, $day['month'], $day['day'], $day['year']); $account->content['birthday'] = array( '#type' => 'item', '#title' => t('Birthday'), '#value' => date('l, F jS, Y', $timestamp)); } elseif ($op == 'form') { $form['birthday'] = array( '#type' => 'date', '#title' => t('Birthday'), '#default_value' => $account->birthday); return $form; } }
  56. function birthday_user($op, &$edit, &$account) { if ($op == 'view' && $day = $account->birthday) { $timestamp = mktime(0, 0, 0, $day['month'], $day['day'], $day['year']); $account->content['birthday'] = array( '#type' => 'item', '#title' => t('Birthday'), '#value' => date('l, F jS, Y', $timestamp)); } elseif ($op == 'form') { $form['birthday'] = array( '#type' => 'date', '#title' => t('Birthday'), '#default_value' => $account->birthday); return $form; } }
  57. function birthday_user($op, &$edit, &$account) { if ($op == 'view' && $day = $account->birthday) { $timestamp = mktime(0, 0, 0, $day['month'], $day['day'], $day['year']); $account->content['birthday'] = array( '#type' => 'item', '#title' => t('Birthday'), '#value' => date('l, F jS, Y', $timestamp)); } elseif ($op == 'form') { $form['birthday'] = array( '#type' => 'date', '#title' => t('Birthday'), '#default_value' => $account->birthday); return $form; } }
  58. function birthday_block($op = 'list') { global $user; if ($op == 'list') { $block['congrats']['info'] = t('Birthday'); return $block; } elseif ($op == 'view' && $day = $user->birthday) { if ($day['month']==date('n') && $day['day']==date('j')) { $message = t(\"It's your birthday! it's your birthday!\"); if (variable_get('age', TRUE)) { $age = date('Y') - $day['year']; $message .= t(\" You're %age.\", array('%age' => $age)); } $block['subject'] = t('Happy birthday!'); $block['content'] = $message . birthday_song(); return $block; } } }
  59. function birthday_block($op = 'list') { global $user; if ($op == 'list') { $block['congrats']['info'] = t('Birthday'); return $block; } elseif ($op == 'view' && $day = $user->birthday) { if ($day['month']==date('n') && $day['day']==date('j')) { $message = t(\"It's your birthday! it's your birthday!\"); if (variable_get('age', TRUE)) { $age = date('Y') - $day['year']; $message .= t(\" You're %age.\", array('%age' => $age)); } $block['subject'] = t('Happy birthday!'); $block['content'] = $message . birthday_song(); return $block; } } }
  60. function birthday_block($op = 'list') { global $user; if ($op == 'list') { $block['congrats']['info'] = t('Birthday'); return $block; } elseif ($op == 'view' && $day = $user->birthday) { if ($day['month']==date('n') && $day['day']==date('j')) { $message = t(\"It's your birthday! it's your birthday!\"); if (variable_get('age', TRUE)) { $age = date('Y') - $day['year']; $message .= t(\" You're %age.\", array('%age' => $age)); } $block['subject'] = t('Happy birthday!'); $block['content'] = $message . birthday_song(); return $block; } } }
  61. function birthday_song() { $path = drupal_get_path('module', 'birthday'); $path .= '/birthday.mid '; $output = '<embed src=\"' . $path . '\"; $output .= ' autostart=\"true\" loop=\"true\"'; $output .= ' width=\"2\" height=\"0\"></embed>'; return $output; }
  62. function birthday_song() { $path = drupal_get_path('module', 'birthday'); $path .= '/birthday.mid '; $output = '<embed src=\"' . $path . '\"; $output .= ' autostart=\"true\" loop=\"true\"'; $output .= ' width=\"2\" height=\"0\"></embed>'; return $output; }
  63. http://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/2681744739
  64. drupal manages the page http://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/2681744739
  65. drupal manages the page modules build the content http://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/2681744739
  66. drupal manages the page modules build the content modules also respond to events http://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/2681744739
  67. drupal manages the page modules build the content modules also respond to events hack with hooks http://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/2681744739
  68. api.drupal.org tinyurl.com/drupal-code tinyurl.com/drupal-kickstart tinyurl.com/drupal-rocking

+ Jeff EatonJeff Eaton, 6 months ago

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