Design Tools Html Xhtml

WEEK 2: Design Tools: HTML, XHTML
Ahsan Uddin Shan School of Film & Media Studies Ngee Ann Polytechnic

Objectives
Learn about Web authoring tools
Learn about the capabilities of HTML, XHTML and how they can assist you in Web development
Understand what is HTML
Understand basic document structure
Use HTML tags to format document
Create a local HTML document viewable with a browser
Understand the role of the W3C

HTML Documents
Originally, people created Web pages using Hypertext Markup Language
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is a simple language used to create the Web pages that appear on the World Wide Web
A markup language is a set of characters or symbols that define a document’s structure or how a document should be printed or displayed

HTML
The stuff that web pages made of
Telling the browser what to do
A series of tags that are integrated into a text document
Tags are ; surrounded with angle brackets like this <B> or <I>.
Supported by thousands of applications

target output format
There are different output device
A target output format refers to the medium in which a document will be displayed, such as a Web page or an online help system

Basic HTML Syntax
HTML documents are text documents that contain:
formatting instructions, called tags
Content [b/w body tag]
Tags are enclosed in brackets [< >]
<title> time management : so many boys so little time </title>

To configure HTML tags
You use various parameters, called attributes , to configure many HTML tags
It goes after the tag
<body bgcolor=“green”>

The W3C
To address the growing need for standards, Tim Berners-Lee established the World Wide Web Consortium , or W3C , in 1994 at MIT to oversee the development of Web technology standards
W3c.org

Sneak preview
Is this html or xhtml

another an html document
Step1 : Choose any text editor program, Notepad, Edit, Word,etc.
Step 2 : Enter the following code <html> <head> <title>how to start </title> </head> <body>
3 scientists happen to meet each other by chance at a party, an American, a Russian, and a Japanese. They boast their country's science achievements. The Russian says: We were the 1st ones in space, the American says, we were the 1st to goto moon, The Japanese thinks hard and says: we will be 1st ones on the sun! Both the american and russian start laughing, and say to the Japanese, you stupid the sun is too hot, your spaceship will burn b4 it reaches the sun. The Japanese scientist remains cool and calm, and says: You are stupid. We will go there at night!!!!
</body> </html>

another an html document
STEP 3: Go to the file menu and choose Save As option and save the file as how_to_create.html
STEP 4: Click and open your web browser, navigate to your how_to_create.html file to view the output.

Another an html document
<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>

The Basics: Minimal HTML
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Firstdocument.htm
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
The Document Text
</BODY>
</HTML>

The Basics: Minimal HTML <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE> </TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> </BODY> </HTML>

head Tags
<head> : Defines information about the document
<title> : Defines the document title Contains the page title, to be displayed in the browser window title bar and user book mark menu.
<meta> :Defines meta information Tag Description
<!DOCTYPE> Defines the document type. This tag goes before the <html> start tag.

HTML Tags
Formatting applies to all text between tags
Once you understand what each tag means, creating your HTML document is easy!
Learn new tags by viewing source code from already existing pages
< OPENTAG> Formatted Text </ CLOSETAG >

HTML Tags: Heading <H#>
Heading tags are applied to text and are a good way to make different sections in your document
They are displayed in various fonts and sizes to indicate relative importance.
Headings come in levels 1 – 6
<H1> <H2> <H3> <H4> <H5> <H6>

HTML Tags: Application

HTML tags: Paragraph <P>
HTML browsers ignore white space between paragraphs
= … <BODY> I love being a student at Ngee Ann Polytechnic in Singapore. </BODY>… … <BODY> I love being a student at Ngee Ann Polytechnic in Singapore. </BODY>…

HTML tags: Paragraph <P>
The paragraph tag forces the browser to start a new paragraph.
New paragraphs always have a space between them

HTML tags: Paragraph <P> whitespace

HTML tags: Line Break <br>
Force the browser to break to the next line
Paragraphs cause space between
Line breaks have no space between

HTML tags: Line Break <br> no white space

HTML tags: Horizontal Rule <hr>
Method for breaking up space
Causes a line to appear across the webpage
Default width is the entire page
Width can be adjusted
Thickness (size) can be adjusted

Another way to format text
Lists can be ordered (number) or unordered (bullet point)
HTML tags: Lists Oranges Apples Pears bananas
Oranges
Apples
Pears
bananas
Unordered List

Another way to format text
Lists can be ordered (number) or unordered (bullet point)
HTML tags: Lists Oranges Apples Pears bananas
Oranges
Apples
Pears
bananas
Ordered List

ORDERED LIST
<OL>
<LI> oranges
<LI> apples
<LI> pears
<LI> bananas
</OL>
UNORDERED LIST
<UL>
<LI> oranges
<LI> apples
<LI> pears
<LI> bananas
</UL>
HTML tags: Lists LI = List Item

HTML tags: Lists

Definition List <DL>
Useful for defining terms, words
Same formatting as other lists
<DL>
<DT>orange
<DD>A citrusy fruit
<DT>banana
<DD>A yellow fruit
</DL>
HTML tags: Lists Definition TITLE Definition DESCRIPTION

HTML tags: Lists Definition TITLE Definition DESCRIPTION

HTML tags
In general, all tags should have a closing tag
<OL> </OL>, <H2></H2>
Some tags don’t need closing tag because it is assumed
<P>, <LI>, <HR>, <BR>
Important to view document for formatting preview before going public

XHTML tags
Different browser technologies targets different devices
Therefore - by combining HTML and XML, and their strengths, we got a markup language that is useful now and in the future - XHTML.
XHTML pages can be read by all XML enabled devices

XHTML tags
XHTML is a combination of HTML and XML (eXtensible Markup Language).
XHTML consists of all the elements in HTML 4.01 combined with the syntax of XML.
XML is a markup language where everything has to be marked up correctly, which results in "well-formed" documents.

“ Safe” XHTML example
<?xml version= " 1.0 " encoding= " utf-8 " ?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd" >
<html xmlns= " http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml1 "
xml:lang= " en-ca " lang= " en-ca " >
<head>
<title> ... </title>
<meta http-equiv= "content-type"
content= " text/html;charset=utf-8 " / >
</head>
<body>
.....
</body>
</html>
space before slash

XHTML tags
Three types of XHTML pages, they are:
Strict: Use with CSS
Transitional: The Transitional DTD includes presentation attributes and elements that W3C expects to move to a style sheet. Use this when you need to use HTML's presentational features because your readers don't have browsers that support Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
Frameset: documents with frames
Add the <!doctype> tag <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

How to write properly XHTML tags
Use all lower case
Attributes goes in quotes
Close all tags
Always nest tags properly

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Design Tools Html Xhtml

by Ahsan Uddin Shan on Oct 31, 2008

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