Population & Settlement Revision Population & Migration

Topics World Population Distribution Reasons for population distribution Population distribution case studies Population Pyramids Population Change (includes keywords) Migration

World Population Distribution

Reasons for population distribution

Population distribution case studies

Population Pyramids

Population Change (includes keywords)

Migration

World Population Distribution

Population Distribution Population distribution means the pattern of where people live. World population distribution is uneven. Places which are sparsely populated contain few people. Places which are densely populated contain many people. Sparsely populated places tend to be difficult places to live. These are usually places with hostile environments e.g. Antarctica. Places which are densely populated are habitable environments e.g. Europe. Population Density Population density is a measurement of the number of people in an area. It is an average number. Population density is calculated by dividing the number of people by area. Population density is usually shown as the number of people per square kilometre.

Reasons for differences - Physical Areas with extreme climates of hot and cold tend to be sparsely populated e.g. the Sahara Desert Areas with temperate climates tend to be densely populated as there is enough rain and heat to grow crops e.g. UK Climate Areas with few resources tend to be sparsely populated e.g. The Sahel Areas rich in resources (e.g. coal, oil, wood, fishing etc.) tend to densely populated e.g. Western Europe Resources High land that is mountainous e.g. Himalayas Low land which is flat e.g. Ganges Valley in India Relief (shape and height of land) Low Density High Density Physical Factors

Reasons - Human Limited job opportunities cause some areas to be sparsely populated e.g. Amazon Rainforest Good job opportunities encourage high population densities, particularly in large cities in MEDCs and LEDCs around the world. Economic Other groups of people prefer to be isolated e.g. Scandinavians Groups of people want to live close to each other for security e.g. USA Social Unstable countries tend to have lower population densities as people migrate e.g. Afghanistan. Countries with stable governments tend to have a high population density e.g. Singapore Political Low Density High Density Human Factors

Brazil

Japan

Questions Explain why any two areas of the world are densely populated, give reasons why two other areas are sparsely populated Why might it be misleading to give an average figure for population density of a whole country, give two named examples. To what extent do you think its true to say that on a global scale physical factors are more important than human factors in influencing population density and distribution

Explain why any two areas of the world are densely populated, give reasons why two other areas are sparsely populated

Why might it be misleading to give an average figure for population density of a whole country, give two named examples.

To what extent do you think its true to say that on a global scale physical factors are more important than human factors in influencing population density and distribution

Population Change http://math.berkeley.edu/~galen/popclk.html

Change - Why Keywords p75 revision guide Birth Rate Death Rate Life Expectancy Infant Mortality

Keywords p75 revision guide

Birth Rate

Death Rate

Life Expectancy

Infant Mortality

Demographic Transition Model

Stages Stage 1 Birth rate and death rate are high - low natural increase - low total population Stage 2 Birth rate is high - death rate is falling - high natural increase (population growth) Stage 3 Falling birth rate - low death rate - high natural increase (population growth) Stage 4 Birth rate and death rate is low - low natural increase - high total population The Demographic Transition Model does not take into account migration.

Stage 1 Birth rate and death rate are high - low natural increase - low total population

Stage 2 Birth rate is high - death rate is falling - high natural increase (population growth)

Stage 3 Falling birth rate - low death rate - high natural increase (population growth)

Stage 4 Birth rate and death rate is low - low natural increase - high total population

The Demographic Transition Model does not take into account migration.

Population Pyramids MEDC

Population Pyramid LEDC

Questions What is a Population Pyramid? What features of a population pyramid for the UK suggests it is an MEDC What is the dependency ratio? How is the ratio likely to be different in MEDCs and LEDCs

What is a Population Pyramid?

What features of a population pyramid for the UK suggests it is an MEDC

What is the dependency ratio?

How is the ratio likely to be different in MEDCs and LEDCs

Migration What is migration? Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. There are many different types of migration. Internal migration is when people migrate within the same country or region - for example, moving from London to Plymouth. International migration is when people migrate from one country to another - for example, moving from Mexico to the USA.

What is migration?

Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. There are many different types of migration.

Internal migration is when people migrate within the same country or region - for example, moving from London to Plymouth.

International migration is when people migrate from one country to another - for example, moving from Mexico to the USA.

Immigration/Emigration There are two key migration terms that you need to learn: Emigration is when someone leaves a country. Immigration is when someone enters a country.

There are two key migration terms that you need to learn:

Emigration is when someone leaves a country.

Immigration is when someone enters a country.

Why Migrate People migrate for many different reasons. These reasons can be classified as either economic , social , political or environmental : Economic migration may involve moving to find work or follow a particular career path. Social migration may involve moving somewhere for a better quality of life or to be closer to family or friends. If someone is a political migrant they may be moving to escape political persecution or war. Environmental causes of migration include natural disasters such as flooding. Some people choose to migrate, some are forced to migrate

People migrate for many different reasons. These reasons can be classified as either economic , social , political or environmental :

Economic migration may involve moving to find work or follow a particular career path.

Social migration may involve moving somewhere for a better quality of life or to be closer to family or friends.

If someone is a political migrant they may be moving to escape political persecution or war.

Environmental causes of migration include natural disasters such as flooding.

Some people choose to migrate, some are forced to migrate

Push and pull factors are often used to explain why people migrate: Push factors are the reasons why people leave an area, ie what pushes them away from their home. Push factors include: lack of services, lack of safety, high crime, crop failure, drought, flooding, poverty and war.

Push factors are the reasons why people leave an area, ie what pushes them away from their home. Push factors include:

lack of services,

lack of safety,

high crime,

crop failure,

drought,

flooding,

poverty and war.

Pull factors are the reasons why people move to a particular area, ie what pulls them to a new place. Pull factors include: higher employment, more wealth, better services, good climate, safer, less crime, political stability, more fertile land, lower risk from natural hazards.

higher employment,

more wealth,

better services,

good climate,

safer,

less crime,

political stability,

more fertile land,

lower risk from natural hazards.

Case Studies Describe the reasons why mexicans have migrated, especially those living in villages How important is illegal migration? What sorts of jobs do migrant workers occupy? What are the reasons why labour was needed in Germany after 1945? Where did people move from to come to Germany?

Describe the reasons why mexicans have migrated, especially those living in villages

How important is illegal migration?

What sorts of jobs do migrant workers occupy?

What are the reasons why labour was needed in Germany after 1945?

Where did people move from to come to Germany?