Rome Sec1

Chapter Five “Roman Empire”
600 B.C. – A.D. 500

Welcome to Ancient Rome

The Roman Empire

“ All roads lead to Rome”

Building Roman Roads… slaves at work.

United by Great Road system

Roman Acqueduct

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. large flat stones concrete gravel and sand

Introduced standard coinage throughout the Empire

Enforced standard weights and measurements throughout the Empire

Italy is a peninsula about 750 miles long
Apennine (A PUN NAY)
Mountains run down the center
Not rugged like in Greece, provides Good Farming

The Land and Peoples of Italy
3 important fertile plains ideal for farming are along the Po River ; the plain of Latium , where Rome is located; and the plain of Campania , south of Latium. 
farmland allowed it to support a large population.

Etruscans Greeks Carthaginians Origins of Roman Empire

Daily Life in Ancient Rome

The Impact of Geography
Rome located 18 miles inland on the Tiber River
Easy access to the sea but safe from pirates
Built on 7 hills

The Impact of Geography
Italian peninsula was a natural stopping point for trade & travel
Center of Mediterranean Travel
Turn to page 149, “Voices from the Past”

Roman Soldiers

Roman Soldiers!

Romans: For all their war, not one puts on a crown, but instead builds a senate where they consider the best for all people.

The Roman Republic
Early Rome ruled by kings, some Etruscan
509 B.C. overthrew the last Etruscan king
Republic – a form of government in which the leader is not a monarch & certain citizens have the right to vote

Roman Values & Virtues
3 virtues:
duty, courage & discipline
Livy Roman historian wrote of Cincinnatus

Why Rome Was Successful?
1. Good diplomats
2. Extending Roman citizenship & allowing states to run internal affairs
3. Skilled persistent soldiers & brilliant strategists

Why Rome Was Successful?
4. Built towns connected by roads
5. Soldiers were deployed quickly
6. Law & politics: Roman were practical & created institutions that responded to problems

The Birth of Rome

VIDEO:
“ Building an Empire”
Size, Culture, Customs, Pompeii, Technology, Religion, Laws, War

The Government of Rome
Two groups:
1. Patricians – great landowners, who became Rome’s ruling class
2. Plebeians – landholders, craftspeople, merchants & small farmers
*Only patricians elected to public office

Patrician carrying busts of his ancestors in a parade

Chief executive officers
Consuls (2) – ran the government & led the Roman army into battle
Praetors – in charge of civil law

Senate , about 300 patricians served for life
Centuriate assembly , elected consuls & praetors & passed laws
Organized by classes based on wealth

Roman Law, Government & Politics

Roman Law
First code of law:
Twelve Tables
Law of Nations : Issues of Roman and Non-Roman citizenship
Standards of justice applied to all people equally & used principles recognized today

Law of Nations
Innocent until proven otherwise
The accused has a right to a defense before a judge
Judges should decide cases based on evidence

Rome Conquers the Mediterranean
Rome faced a strong power in the Mediterranean–Carthage. 
Founded by the Phoenicians around 800 B.C. on the coast of North Africa, Carthage had a large trading empire in the western Mediterranean. 
The presence of Carthaginians in Sicily worried the Romans. 
The two groups began a long struggle in 264 B.C. for control of the Mediterranean area.

Rome Conquers the Mediterranean (cont.)
The First Punic War 
Romans realized that to win the war they needed a large navy, which they built. 
Rome defeated Carthage’s navy, and in 241 B.C. Carthage gave up its rights to Sicily and paid money to Rome. 
Sicily became Rome’s first province.

Video: 1 st Punic War

1st Punic War

Carthage wanted revenge. 
Hannibal, the greatest Carthaginian general, began the Second Punic War, which lasted from 218 to 201 B.C. 
To take the war to Rome, Hannibal entered Spain, moved east, and then crossed the Alps with a large army, including a large number of horses and 37 battle elephants. 
Many soldiers and animals died during the crossing, but Rome was still under a real threat.

Video: Hannibal’s Revenge

Video: 2 nd Punic War

At the Battle of Cannae, Rome lost 40 thousand men. 
In response, Rome raised another army. 
Meanwhile, Hannibal roamed throughout Italy but could not successfully attack the major cities. 
In a brilliant move, Rome attacked Carthage, forcing the recall of Hannibal. 
At the Battle of Zama, Rome crushed Hannibal’s forces. 
Spain became a Roman province, and Rome controlled the western Mediterranean.

Hannibal

The Defeat of Hannibal at the Battle of Zama

Video: Battle of Zama

50 years later, the Romans fought the Third Punic War. 
In 146 B.C., Roman soldiers sacked Carthage. 
50 thousand men, women, and children were sold into slavery. 
The territory of Carthage became a Roman province called Africa.

Hannibal famously crossed the Alps with elephants to be used in battle. Few of them survived the trip, but some did. What do you think the reaction was of the Roman soldiers to elephants in battle? Rome Conquers the Mediterranean (cont.) The few elephants that survived terrified the Romans, as one could imagine on being faced with a charging elephant. Who knows how history would have been different if all of Hannibal’s elephants had survived?

Ruins of Carthage

Rome’s new empire

Rome Sec1

by David Duez

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