AFRICA HAS FOUR ZONES OF CLIMATE Rain Forest Desert Mild zone Savanah

CH. 7 Africa

2 Early Civilizations: Kush Axum

2 Early Civilizations:

Kush

Axum

Axum stele with record of King Ezana

(pages 225–226) Emerging Civilization and the Rise of Islam About seven or eight thousand years ago, the mastery of farming gave rise to the first civilizations in Africa: Egypt, Kush, and Axum .  A busy trade in ivory, ebony, frankincense, and leopard skins between Egypt and Kush to its south developed by 2000 B.C.  .

About seven or eight thousand years ago, the mastery of farming gave rise to the first civilizations in Africa: Egypt, Kush, and Axum . 

A busy trade in ivory, ebony, frankincense, and leopard skins between Egypt and Kush to its south developed by 2000 B.C. 

.

Early African Civilizations

Emerging Civilization and the Rise of Islam (cont.) The Kushites returned to their original lands. In 750 B.C., the Kushites conquered Egypt, but the Assyrians , whose iron weapons overmatched the bronze and stone of the Kushites, drove them out of Egypt.  (pages 225–226)

The Kushites returned to their original lands.

In 750 B.C., the Kushites conquered Egypt, but the Assyrians , whose iron weapons overmatched the bronze and stone of the Kushites, drove them out of Egypt. 

It provided iron, ivory, gold, ebony, and slaves to the Roman Empire , Arabia, and India in return for such luxury goods as jewelry and silver lamps. Kush was a major trading empire for several hundred years.  Emerging Civilization and the Rise of Islam (cont.)

It provided iron, ivory, gold, ebony, and slaves to the Roman Empire , Arabia, and India in return for such luxury goods as jewelry and silver lamps.

Kush was a major trading empire for several hundred years. 

Then a new power, Axum, caused Kush’s decline.  Axum was founded by a colony of Arabs in what is now Ethiopia. In the fourth century A.D., King Ezana of Axum conquered Kush. Emerging Civilization and the Rise of Islam (cont.) (pages 225–226) Axum prospered because it was located on the Red Sea and the trading route between India and the Mediterranean. 

Then a new power, Axum, caused Kush’s decline. 

Axum was founded by a colony of Arabs in what is now Ethiopia. In the fourth century A.D., King Ezana of Axum conquered Kush.

Axum prospered because it was located on the Red Sea and the trading route between India and the Mediterranean. 

Trade has always been a big part of the culture of Africa

About A.D. 330, King Ezana converted to Christianity , and he made it the official religion of Axum.  Shipwrecked Syrians had introduced Christianity to Axum.  Within a few centuries, Islam brought important challenges to the kingdom of Axum. Axumite civilization’s most distinctive feature was its religion.  Emerging Civilization and the Rise of Islam (cont.) (pages 225–226)

About A.D. 330, King Ezana converted to Christianity , and he made it the official religion of Axum. 

Shipwrecked Syrians had introduced Christianity to Axum. 

Within a few centuries, Islam brought important challenges to the kingdom of Axum.

Axumite civilization’s most distinctive feature was its religion. 

Next great trading civilizations that emerged were: Ghana Mali Songhai

Next great trading

civilizations that

emerged were:

Ghana

Mali

Songhai

(pages 228–230) As early as A.D. 500, Ghana–the first of the great West African trading states – emerged in the Niger River valley grasslands between the Sahara and the tropical forest along the coast.  The kingdom of Ghana, weakened by wars, collapsed during the 1100s. The greatest trading state that arose in its place was Mali, which Sundiata Keita established in the mid-thirteenth century. The Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, Songhai

As early as A.D. 500, Ghana–the first of the great West African trading states – emerged in the Niger River valley grasslands between the Sahara and the tropical forest along the coast. 

The kingdom of Ghana, weakened by wars, collapsed during the 1100s. The greatest trading state that arose in its place was Mali, which Sundiata Keita established in the mid-thirteenth century.

The great trade empires of West Africa grew out of the various vegetation zones and the products they produced. For example, yams were better suited to one area, grazing animals to another. How would these differences account for growth in trade? Analyzing Maps and Charts

People traded for things they desired but could not produce. Analyzing Maps and Charts

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. The author is unknown. Wisdom, or learning, cannot be purchased with money. It requires study. Some things or people never change. Crocodiles were native animals of West Africa.

Summary of Africa – Land of Great Diversity