Testing on Android

after this section you will after this section you will... ● understand test driven development ● be introduced to behavior driven development ● recognize test building blocks copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

what is test driven development ? TDD is the strategy of starting the development process by the test cases and then provide the software that satisfies these tests copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

kinds of automated tests ● unit tests – written by programmers – for programmers – in a programming language ● functional or acceptance tests – written by business people and QA – for business people – in a high level language check FitNesse www.fitnesse.org copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

behavior driven development ● evolution in the thinking behind TDD ● common vocabulary between business and technology ● framework of activity based on three principles – business and technology should refer to the same system in the same way – any system should have an identified, verifiable value to the business – upfront analysis, design and planning all have a diminishing return http://behaviourdriven.org http://jbehave.org copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

scenario ● text scenario Given I am not logged in When I log in as Liz with a password JBehaver Then I should see a message, "Welcome, Liz!" ● defining steps @Given("I am not logged in") public void logOut() { currentPage.click("logout"); } copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

testing on android ● android platform integrates a testing framework ● it's based on Junit 3 ● supports – unit tests – functional tests – activity tests – mock objects – utilities to simplify test Portions of this page are reproduced from work created and shared by Google and used according to terms described in the Creative creation Commons 2.5 Attribution License. copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2 ● functional testing of single Activity ● Activity created used system infrastructure ● Activity can be manipulated ● Tests can be annotated with @UiThreadTest ● Intents can be injected with setActivityIntent() ● sendKeys() can be used to simulate user interaction copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

ApplicationTestCase ● test Application in controlled environment ● basic lyfecycle support – onCreate() called after createApplication() – tearDown() calls onDestroy() ● mock Context can be injected ● Application can be terminated with terminateApplication() copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

ActivityUnitTestCase ● isolated testing of a single Activity ● Activity created with minimal connection to the system ● mocked dependencies can be injected ● Activity will not participate in the normal interactions with the system ● some methods should be avoided and will throw exceptions if called copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

ProviderTestCase2<T> ● isolated testing of a ContentProvider ● uses a MockContentResolver to – access the provider – restricts access to filesystem (db & files) – injects IsolatedContext ● environment managed by setUp() and tearDown() copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

ServiceTestCase<T> ● framework to test Services ● basic support for lifecycle – onCreate() called after startService(Intent) or bindService(Intent) – depending on how was started tearDown() calls appropriate method ● mock objects can be injected by – setApplication() – setContext() copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

AndroidTestCase ● base class that can be extended to support different requirements ● use this if you need – isolate components – test custom Views – test permissions – access Resources copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

ViewAsserts ● useful assertions about Views – Views are aligned in several ways – ViewGroups contain Views – View is on screen – View has specific screen coordinates copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

TouchUtils ● use these methods to generate touch events ● clickView() to simulate touching ● drag...() to touch and drag ● longClick() for touching and holding ● scroll...() to simulate different scrolling ● tapView() to touch and release quickly copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

android.test.mock all classes has nonfunctional methods ● MockApplication ● MockContentResolver ● MockContext ● MockDialogInterface ● MockPackageManager ● MockResources copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

“You know you've achieved perfection in design, not when you have nothing more to add, but when you have nothing more to take away.” Antoine de SaintExupery copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

after this section you will after this section you will... ● be able to create a project and its corresponding tests project ● apply test driven development techniques ● get acquainted with android tests copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

design converts temperatures from celsius e r us to e n th whehrenheit a d an if the fa rsa err re' e- e t vicen vers one or s a nd atur e in dis pla sh o uld temper ther is (O ) ye d be e o he ld th re fie ed updat lly m atica auto we l eave f or s p ac keyb e o ar d copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

create test case to create the test for the Activity we use ActivityInstrument ationTestCase2<T> create method stubs the Activity as the class under test copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

check generated test case /** * Copyright © 2009 COD Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved. */ package com.codtech.android.training.tctdd1.test; import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2; import adjust stub com.codtech.android.training.tctdd1.TemperatureConverterActivity; constructor to pass required arguments public class to super TemperatureConverterActivityTests extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<TemperatureConverterActivity> { /** * @param name */ public TemperatureConverterActivityTests(String name) { super("com.codtech.android.training.tctdd1", TemperatureConverterActivity.class); setName(name); } // setUp() and tearDown() not showed } copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

setUp /* (non-Javadoc) * @see android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2#setUp() */ these constants are protected void setUp() throws Exception { not yet created, we super.setUp(); need to add the Views and Ids to the final TemperatureConverterActivity activity = getActivity(); layout celsius = (EditText)activity.findViewById( com.codtech.android.training.tctdd1.R.id.celsius); fahrenheit = (EditText)activity.findViewById( com.codtech.android.training.tctdd1.R.id.fahrenheit); } create fields when necessary copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

add some UI tests @SmallTest public void testSimpleCreate() { assertNotNull(getActivity()); assertNotNull(celsius); assertNotNull(fahrenheit); ViewAsserts.assertOnScreen(fahrenheit.getRootView(), celsius); ViewAsserts.assertOnScreen(celsius.getRootView(), fahrenheit); } @SmallTest public void testAlignment() { ViewAsserts.assertRightAligned(celsius, fahrenheit); ViewAsserts.assertLeftAligned(celsius, fahrenheit); } @SmallTest public void testFiledsStartEmpty() { assertTrue("Celsius field starts not empty", "".equals(celsius.getText().toString())); assertTrue("Fahrenheit field starts not empty", "".equals(fahrenheit.getText().toString())); } copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

now some functional tests we run the test in the UI thread @UiThreadTest public void testFahrenheitToCelsiusConversion() { we don't have a celsius.clear(); class implementing fahrenheit.clear(); setNumber(), getNumber() and final double f = 32.5; clear() so we will be creating it soon fahrenheit.requestFocus(); fahrenheit.setNumber(f); celsius.requestFocus(); final double c = TemperatureConverter.fahrenheitToCelsius(f); final double cr = celsius.getNumber(); final double delta = Math.abs(c - cr); final String msg = "" + f + "F should be " + c + "C but was " + cr + " (delta " + delta + ")"; assertTrue(msg, delta < 0.005); } we don't have a TemperatureConverter either copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

and more tests don't run this test in UI thread @SmallTest public void testCelsiusToFahrenheitConversion() { final double c = -105.35; TouchUtils.tapView(this, celsius); create method stub in sendKeys("MINUS 1 0 5 PERIOD 3 5"); TemperatureConverter final double cr = celsius.getNumber(); assertEquals("Send keys should have set " + c + " but set " + cr, c, cr); final double f = TemperatureConverter.celsiusToFahrenheit(c); final double fr = fahrenheit.getNumber(); final double delta = Math.abs(f - fr); final String msg = "" + c + "C should be " + f + "F but was " + fr + " (delta " + delta + ")"; assertTrue(msg, delta < 0.005); } copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

complete actual tests public void testFahrenheitToCelsius() { for (double c: conversionTableDouble.keySet()) { final double f = conversionTableDouble.get(c); final double cr = TemperatureConverter.fahrenheitToCelsius(f); final double delta = Math.abs(c - cr); final String msg = "" + f + "F should be " + c + "C but is " + cr + " (delta " + delta + ")"; assertTrue(msg, delta < 0.0001); } } public void testCelsiusToFahrenheit() { for (double c: conversionTableDouble.keySet()) { final double f = conversionTableDouble.get(c); final double fr = TemperatureConverter.celsiusToFahrenheit(c); final double delta = Math.abs(f - fr); final String msg = "" + c + "C should be " + f + "F but is " + fr + " (delta " + delta + ")" ; assertTrue(msg, delta < 0.0001); } } copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

test exceptions public void testAbsoluteZeroCelsius() { Exception e = null; try { TemperatureConverter.celsiusToFahrenheit(-274); } catch (RuntimeException re) { } assertNotNull("Absolute zero C not detected", e); } public void testAbsoluteZeroFahrenheit() { Exception e = null; try { TemperatureConverter.fahrenheitToCelsius(-460); } catch (RuntimeException re) { e = re; } assertNotNull("Absolute zero F not detected", e); } copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

conversion table ● simple conversion table to run several tests private static final HashMap<Double, Double> conversionTableDouble = new HashMap<Double, Double>(); static { // initialize (c, f) pairs conversionTableDouble.put(0.0, 32.0); conversionTableDouble.put(100.0, 212.0); conversionTableDouble.put(-1.0, 30.20); conversionTableDouble.put(-100.0, -148.0); conversionTableDouble.put(32.0, 89.60); conversionTableDouble.put(-40.0, -40.0); conversionTableDouble.put(-273.0, -459.40); } copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

TemperatureConverter package com.codtech.android.training.tctdd1; public class TemperatureConverter { public static final double ABSOLUTE_ZERO_C = -273.0d; public static final double ABSOLUTE_ZERO_F = -459.4d; private static final String ERROR_MESSAGE_BELOW_ZERO_FMT = "Invalid temperature: %.2f%c below absolute zero"; public static double celsiusToFahrenheit(double c) { if (c < ABSOLUTE_ZERO_C) { throw new RuntimeException( String.format(ERROR_MESSAGE_BELOW_ZERO_FMT, c, 'C')); } return (c * 1.8d + 32); } public static double fahrenheitToCelsius(double f) { if (f < ABSOLUTE_ZERO_F) { throw new RuntimeException( String.format(ERROR_MESSAGE_BELOW_ZERO_FMT, f, 'F')); } return ((f - 32) / 1.8d); } } copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

run tests tests fail now because we are doing the conversion right but we are invoking conversion tests empty methods in succeded EditNumber that don't update the ui copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

implement EditNumber methods package com.codtech.android.training.tctdd1.view; import android.content.Context; import android.util.AttributeSet; import android.widget.EditText; public class EditNumber extends EditText { public EditNumber(Context context) { super(context); } public EditNumber(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); } convenience methods delegating to EditText public void clear() { setText(""); } public void setNumber(double f) { setText(Double.toString(f)); } public double getNumber() { return Double.valueOf(getText().toString()); } } copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

onCreate /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); add change listener celsius = (EditNumber)findViewById(R.id.celsius); to these fields fahrenheit = (EditNumber)findViewById(R.id.fahrenheit); try { Class[] args = new Class[] { double.class }; celsius.addTextChangedListener( new TemperatureChangedWatcher(fahrenheit, TemperatureConverter.class.getMethod( "celsiusToFahrenheit", args))); fahrenheit.addTextChangedListener( new TemperatureChangedWatcher(celsius, TemperatureConverter.class.getMethod( "fahrenheitToCelsius", args))); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

TemperatureChangedWatcher private static class TemperatureChangedWatcher implements TextWatcher { private EditNumber dest; private Method convert; public TemperatureChangedWatcher(EditNumber dest, Method convert) { this.dest = dest; this.convert = convert; } @Override public void afterTextChanged(Editable s) { } @Override public void beforeTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int count, int after) { } @Override public void onTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int before, int count) { if (!dest.hasWindowFocus() || dest.hasFocus() || s == null ) { return; } // continued ... copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

TemperatureChangedWatcher final String ss = s.toString(); if ( "".equals(ss) ) { dest.clear(); return; } try { final double result = (Double) convert.invoke(TemperatureConverter.class, Double.parseDouble(ss)); // display only 2 decimals dest.setNumber(Math.rint(result*100)/100); } catch (NumberFormatException e) { // WARNING // this is generated while a number is entered, // for example just a -' so we don't want to show the error } catch (Exception e) { dest.setError(e.getCause().getLocalizedMessage()); } } } copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

temperature converter converts temperatures from celsius e r us to e n th whehrenheit a d an if the fa rsa err re' e- e t vicen vers one or s a nd atur e in dis pla sh o uld temper ther is (O ) ye d be e o he ld th re fie ed updat lly m atica auto we l eave f or s p ac keyb e o ar d copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

command line diego@bruce:~$ adb -e shell am instrument -w -e class com.codtech.android.training.tctdd1.test.TemperatureCo nverterActivityTests com.codtech.android.training.tctdd1.test/android.test. InstrumentationTestRunner com.codtech.android.training.tctdd1.test.TemperatureCo nverterActivityTests:..... Test results for InstrumentationTestRunner=..... Time: 5.564 OK (5 tests) copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

constructor and setUp /** * @param name */ public EditNumberTests(String name) { super(); setName(name); } creating a mock context /* (non-Javadoc) * @see android.test.AndroidTestCase#setUp() */ protected void setUp() throws Exception { super.setUp(); mockContext = new IsolatedContext(new MockContentResolver(), getContext()); editNumber = new EditNumber(mockContext); editNumber.setFocusable(true); } copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

complete actual tests /** * Test method for EditNumber#EditNumber(android.content.Context) */ public void testEditNumberContext() { assertNotNull(new EditNumber(mockContext)); } /** * Test method for EditNumber#EditNumber(Context, AttributeSet) */ public void testEditNumberContextAttributeSet() { // TODO // use a real AttributeSet for this test not null assertNotNull(new EditNumber(mockContext, null)); } /** * Test method for EditNumber#clear() */ public void testClear() { editNumber.setText("1234"); editNumber.clear(); assertEquals("editNumber should have been cleared", "", editNumber.getText().toString()); } copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

complete actual tests public void testSetNumber() { final double d = 1.23d; editNumber.setNumber(d); final double dr = editNumber.getNumber(); final String msg = "editNumber should be " + d + " but is " + dr; assertEquals(msg, d, dr); } public void testGetNumber() { final double d = 0.98d; final String ds = Double.toString(d); editNumber.setText(ds); final double dr = editNumber.getNumber(); final String msg = "editNumber should be " + ds + " but is " + dr; assertEquals(msg, d, dr); } copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

input test public class TemperatureConverterActivityTests extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<TemperatureConverterActivity> { // … @SmallTest public void testInputFilter() { TouchUtils.tapView(this, celsius); final Double n = -1.234d; sendKeys("MINUS 1 PERIOD 2 PERIOD 3 PERIOD 4"); Object nr = null; try { nr = celsius.getNumber(); } catch (NumberFormatException e) { nr = celsius.getText(); } final String msg = "-1.2.3.4 should be filtered to " + n + " but is " + nr; assertEquals(msg, n, nr); } } copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

input filter public class EditNumber extends EditText { // … invoke init() from constructors /** * Initialization. * Set filter. * */ private void init() { // DigistKeyListener.getInstance(true, true) returns an // instance that accepts digits, sign and decimal point final InputFilter[] filters = new InputFilter[] { DigitsKeyListener.getInstance(true, true) }; setFilters(filters); } } copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

resources ● http://dtmilano.blogspot.com ● http://easymock.org ● http://code.google.com/p/hamcrest (matchers) ● http://mockito.org/ ● http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/t ools/monkey.html (ui exerciser) ● http://ricston.com/ricstontrainingforandroid/ ● http://android.codtech.com copyright © 2009 cod technologies ltd www.codtech.com

http://jujo00obo2o234ungd3t8qjfcjrs3o6k-a-sites-opensocial.googleusercontent.com	236
http://www.slideshare.net	195
http://blog.js-development.com	170
http://testingbaires.com	29
https://jujo00obo2o234ungd3t8qjfcjrs3o6k-a-sites-opensocial.googleusercontent.com	19
https://si0.twimg.com	18
http://ericescarrat.blogspot.fr	18
http://www.testingbaires.com	16
http://www.techgig.com	16
http://blog.espol.edu.ec	14
http://juristr.com	9
http://www.bankinform.ru	6
http://ericescarrat.blogspot.com	5
http://whatsupandroid.posterous.com	4
https://twitter.com	3
http://twitter.com	3
http://paper.li	2
http://127.0.0.1	2
http://www.scoop.it	2
http://www.techgig.timesjobs.com	1
http://translate.googleusercontent.com	1
http://localhost	1
http://static.slidesharecdn.com	1
http://presentacion.org	1

Testing on Android

by Diego Torres Milano

Accessibility

Categories

Upload Details

Usage Rights

24 Embeds 772

Statistics

Testing on Android Presentation Transcript