Trends in Medical education Dr. Neelesh Bhandari M.B.B.S (AFMC), M.D ( Path) P.G.P. in Human Rights

TV will be shut in 10 years, says BILL GATES "An interesting revolution is underway". said Microsoft founder Bill Gates. In the future there will be elimination of text book or books altogether because we will have a very light screen, a tablet-like computer connected to the Internet that you will carry with you at all times.

TV will be shut in 10 years, says BILL GATES

"An interesting revolution is underway". said Microsoft founder Bill Gates.

In the future there will be elimination of text book or books altogether because we will have a very light screen, a tablet-like computer connected to the Internet that you will carry with you at all times.

Medical education has a history of tinkering with the curriculum endlessly without realizing larger educational objectives. Medical Schools have yet to create a true learner- centered environment that makes active, self-directed learning under the close tutelage of interested faculty members .

Medical education has a history of tinkering with the curriculum endlessly without realizing larger educational objectives.

Medical Schools have yet to create a true learner- centered environment that makes active, self-directed learning under the close tutelage of interested faculty members .

A set of basic competencies and expectations from a competent medical graduate, for “ the Physician of the 21 st century ” E ffective Communication. Basic clinical skills. Using science to guide Diagnosis, Management, Therapeutics & prevention. Lifelong Learning. Self-Awareness, Self –Care & Personal Growth. The social & Community Contexts of Health Care. Moral reasoning& Ethical judgment. Problem Solving. Professionalism & Role Recognition.

* Traditional lecture based approach, which is often teacher oriented * D eprives the students of active learning with less clinical content * Poor development of student skills Inadequacies of the present Teaching Program

Problem Overload of information and expanding body of knowledge Subjects taught in isolation

Overload of information and expanding body of knowledge

Subjects taught in isolation

Problem The following areas are inadequately covered: Medical ethics Behavioral skills Communication skills Management skills

The following areas are inadequately covered:

Medical ethics

Behavioral skills

Communication skills

Management skills

Problem No provision for training medical students for PG entrance tests. No training in using information technology for gathering current scientific evidence.

No provision for training medical students

for PG entrance tests.

No training in using information technology

for gathering current scientific evidence.

Suggested additions by National Task force on Medical Education

Good teaching is by design and not by chance

“I never try to teach my students any thing. I only try to create an environment where they can learn” Albert Einstein

“I never try to teach my students any thing.

I only try to create an environment where they can learn”

Albert Einstein

The Goal of Medical Education The ultimate aim of the MBBS program is not only to enable medical graduates acquire competencies related to knowledge, skill and attitude required of a medical graduate on completion of undergraduate medical education but also to provide sufficient opportunity to them to become familiar with the know how of medical informatics that would ultimately help them work efficiently.

The ultimate aim of the MBBS program is not only to enable medical graduates acquire competencies related to knowledge, skill and attitude required of a medical graduate on completion of undergraduate medical education but also to provide sufficient opportunity to them to become familiar with the know how of medical informatics that would ultimately help them work efficiently.

Medical informatics Health informatics or medical informatics is the intersection of information science , medicine and health care . It deals with the resources, devices and methods required to optimize the acquisition, storage, retrieval and use of information in health and biomedicine . Health informatics tools include not only computers but also clinical guidelines, formal medical terminologies, and information and communication systems. Subdomains of (bio)medical or health care informatics include: clinical informatics , nursing informatics , imaging informatics , consumer health informatics , public health informatics , dental informatics , clinical research informatics , bioinformatics , veterinary informatics , and pharmacy informatics.

Health informatics or medical informatics is the intersection of information science , medicine and health care .

It deals with the resources, devices and methods required to optimize the acquisition, storage, retrieval and use of information in health and biomedicine .

Health informatics tools include not only computers but also clinical guidelines, formal medical terminologies, and information and communication systems.

Subdomains of (bio)medical or health care informatics include: clinical informatics , nursing informatics , imaging informatics , consumer health informatics , public health informatics , dental informatics , clinical research informatics , bioinformatics , veterinary informatics , and pharmacy informatics.

SPICES Model of Medical Education Student-centred ---Teacher-centred Problem-based---- Information-oriented Integrated -----Discipline-based Community-based ----Hospital-based Elective ----Uniform Systematic ---Apprenticeship

Student-centred ---Teacher-centred

Problem-based---- Information-oriented

Integrated -----Discipline-based

Community-based ----Hospital-based

Elective ----Uniform

Systematic ---Apprenticeship

e-learning Also called CBT ( Computer based teaching ) A general term that relates to all training that is delivered with the assistance of a computer Delivery: CD, Internet, shared files on a network

Also called CBT ( Computer based teaching )

A general term that relates to all training that is delivered with the assistance of a computer

Delivery:

CD,

Internet,

shared files on a network

e-learning Learning process facilitated by technology An additional arm to the teacher’s armamentarium e-Learning provides an environment that transforms teacher centric to learner centric learning .

Learning process facilitated by technology

An additional arm to the teacher’s armamentarium

e-Learning provides an environment that transforms teacher centric to learner centric learning .

Problems of Traditional teaching and benefits of e-learning E-learning has the potential to enhance both the students and instructors educational experience. Traditional didactic lectures often fall short in meeting the different learning styles of pupils. e-learning allows- students to access the lectures and other material when they are most attentive. In addition, students have the ability to review the material to the degree they feel necessary .

E-learning has the potential to enhance both the students and instructors educational experience.

Traditional didactic lectures often fall short in meeting the different learning styles of pupils.

e-learning allows- students to access the lectures and other material when they are most attentive.

In addition, students have the ability to review the material to the degree they feel necessary .

NTR university digital library To start with, the library is subscribing to 152 journals in 37 disciplines and 102 e-textbooks and yearbooks at a cost of Rs. 1.92 crores. He said that it was mainly a reference library for the fields of medical and allied sciences. Responding to the changing modes in the curriculum, the university had decided to focus on web-based resources and services. Staff and students of medical colleges affiliated to the university and staff of Government hospitals and other teaching hospitals in the State were eligible for regular membership in the library.

To start with, the library is subscribing to 152 journals in 37 disciplines and 102 e-textbooks and yearbooks at a cost of Rs. 1.92 crores.

He said that it was mainly a reference library for the fields of medical and allied sciences.

Responding to the changing modes in the curriculum, the university had decided to focus on web-based resources and services.

Staff and students of medical colleges affiliated to the university and staff of Government hospitals and other teaching hospitals in the State were eligible for regular membership in the library.

MEdRC EduTech Medical Education Research Centre for Education Technologies MEdRC was set up in 1993 by Dr. Neeraj Raj, evolved into an ambitious project that aims at significantly enhancing the existing infrastructure and quality of medical and health education through digital channels using SmarTeach, a World-Class Teaching/ Learning software developed by MEdRC.

Medical Education Research Centre

for Education Technologies

MEdRC was set up in 1993 by Dr. Neeraj Raj, evolved into an ambitious project that aims at significantly enhancing the existing infrastructure and quality of medical and health education through digital channels using SmarTeach, a World-Class Teaching/ Learning software developed by MEdRC.

MEdRC Edutech A solution to medical education from the private sector. First of its kind in India Herculean task – About 7500 lectures from Anatomy to Medicine

A solution to medical education from the private sector.

First of its kind in India

Herculean task – About 7500 lectures from Anatomy to Medicine

AIMS of MEdRC To develop an exhaustive library of digitally archived e-Lectures by “Master Teachers” encompassing the undergraduate and continuing medical curriculum. To support and promote the expansion of lifelong learning at all levels of practicing healthcare professionals, particularly in the form of continuing professional development

To develop an exhaustive library of digitally archived e-Lectures by “Master Teachers” encompassing the undergraduate and continuing medical curriculum.

To support and promote the expansion of lifelong learning at all levels of practicing healthcare professionals, particularly in the form of continuing professional development

AIMS of MEdRC To develop interactive and hyper-linked e-Learning modules that include animations and simulations of laboratory experiments and clinical case databases.

To develop interactive and hyper-linked

e-Learning modules that include animations and simulations of laboratory experiments and clinical case databases.

Infrastructure

Infrastructure

UGMed The product shall be hosted on the SmarTeach Learning Management System (LMS) at a medical college.

The product shall be hosted on the SmarTeach Learning Management System (LMS) at a medical college.

SmarTeach-LMS at MEdRC Learning Management Systems (LMS) to support teaching and learning through the use of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies). The learner of the 21st century faces many challenges and demands innovative approaches in education. What is an LMS

Learning Management Systems (LMS) to support teaching and learning through the use of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies).

The learner of the 21st century faces many challenges and demands innovative approaches in education.

Delivery of student assessments and course critiques and the collection of responses Tracking of learner progress Virtual classrooms Collaboration between learners Record of learners’ acquisition of knowledge, skills, and competencies . Importance of LMS

Delivery of student assessments and course critiques and the collection of responses

Tracking of learner progress

Virtual classrooms

Collaboration between learners

Record of learners’ acquisition of knowledge, skills, and competencies .

UGMed Program Targeted towards Undergraduate Medical students. The entire MBBS curriculum as per the MCI prescribed syllabus has been broken in to component subjects, chapters and topics. Each topic constitutes a module of learning consisting of several granular learning objects such as digital lectures, slides, animations of concepts, textual notes, glossaries, questions relevant to the topic, book and journal references, etc .

Targeted towards Undergraduate Medical students.

The entire MBBS curriculum as per the MCI prescribed syllabus has been broken in to component subjects, chapters and topics.

Each topic constitutes a module of learning consisting of several granular learning objects such as digital lectures, slides, animations of concepts, textual notes, glossaries, questions relevant to the topic, book and journal references, etc .

Content divided into three categories M ust learn 2.Useful to learn 3.Interesting / Nice to learn

M ust learn

2.Useful to learn

3.Interesting / Nice to learn

UGMed Each module is developed and delivered by a Teacher of Excellence who provides all inputs to the content. Gets peer reviewed by a subject expert Subsequently gets enriched with addition of multimedia elements such as graphics, illustrations and animations.

Each module is developed and delivered by a Teacher of Excellence who provides all inputs to the content.

Gets peer reviewed by a subject expert

Subsequently gets enriched with addition of multimedia elements such as graphics, illustrations and animations.

UGMed Program

Integrated database which enables the student to navigate through the knowledge across the subjects thus ensuring total cross integration

Integrated database which enables the student to navigate through the knowledge across the subjects thus ensuring total cross integration

Learner centered - benefits Anytime learning Any where learning Any number of times learning Customized to level of assimilation Individual or group learning Interactivity based learning – active learning Enables group discussion across geographical barriers. Adaptability and flexibility of the system

Anytime learning

Any where learning

Any number of times learning

Customized to level of assimilation

Individual or group learning

Interactivity based learning – active learning

Enables group discussion across geographical barriers.

Adaptability and flexibility of the system

Solution Lectures on HR issues for doctors exclusively covers these issues Effective staff management Effective team work Goal setting for doctors Balancing life Docs – know thy emotions Effective presentations for docs Leadership skills for docs Manpower management for docs Personality development for docs Motivation skills for docs Stress management for docs The successful doctor Time management for docs …… etc. etc.

Lectures on HR issues for doctors exclusively covers these issues

Effective staff management

Effective team work

Goal setting for doctors

Balancing life

Docs – know thy emotions

Effective presentations for docs

Leadership skills for docs

Manpower management for docs

Personality development for docs

Motivation skills for docs

Stress management for docs

The successful doctor

Time management for docs

…… etc. etc.

A Note on Animation 2D Allow the students to visualize complex concepts and structural designs - enhance understanding and sharpening their doctoring skills.

2D

Allow the students to visualize complex concepts and structural designs - enhance understanding and sharpening their doctoring skills.

A note on animations 3D Animations transport students into a three-dimensional journey through the dynamic microscopic world of a cell visually pleasing and scientifically meaningful . Take undergrads beyond textbooks and vividly illustrates the mechanisms.

3D Animations transport students into a three-dimensional journey through the dynamic microscopic world of a cell

visually pleasing and

scientifically meaningful . Take undergrads beyond textbooks and vividly illustrates the mechanisms.

Problem No provision for training medical students for PG entrance tests.

No provision for training medical students for PG entrance tests.

PG MED – SmarTest the digital approach to entrance exams. Solution

PG MED – SmarTest

the digital approach to entrance exams.

Smart MD PG Medical Entrance Exam Preparation Course Targeted towards final year students, house-surgeons and junior doctors who are preparing for various Post Graduate Medical Entrance Examinations. Duration: 300 hours

Also included: Case discussions and case oriented approach Videos in clinical medicine Clinical methods Emergencies and their management Evidence based medicine Ethics, HR issues Computers for doctors Learning modules Questions bank – Large essay, short notes and MCQs

Case discussions and case oriented approach

Videos in clinical medicine

Clinical methods

Emergencies and their management

Evidence based medicine

Ethics,

HR issues

Computers for doctors

Learning modules

Questions bank – Large essay, short notes and MCQs

What is EBM.. The conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making clinical decisions about the care of individual patients Can be categorized into Evidence based Guidelines ( for institutions) Evidence based individual decision making

The conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making clinical decisions about the care of individual patients

Can be categorized into

Evidence based Guidelines ( for institutions)

Evidence based individual decision making

Advantages to Students Learn any topic through video lessons prepared by India’s best teachers including many authors of the books you normally read! You can learn at the e-Library or access through owned Laptop for 5 years Self paced learning – Pause, View/Review, Skip/Rewind, Bookmark Add your own notes, Share notes, e-Mail and Chat Weaker students can take as tutorial several times Self assessments for students - Know your own strengths and weaknesses - Know where to devote more attention

Learn any topic through video lessons prepared by India’s best teachers including many authors of the books you normally read!

You can learn at the e-Library or access through owned Laptop for 5 years

Self paced learning – Pause, View/Review, Skip/Rewind, Bookmark

Add your own notes, Share notes, e-Mail and Chat

Weaker students can take as tutorial several times

Self assessments for students - Know your own strengths and weaknesses - Know where to devote more attention

Advantages to Medical Colleges Establish an Electronic Library with Servers, LAN, 25-50 PC’s, Software Wi-Fi enabled Campus - Hotspots created in academic building, library, hostels, etc. Deploy the SmarTeach Medical Learning Management System - All students get registered - Enhanced communication between departments - Allows all academic activities to be tracked - Electronic records allow real time management analysis

Establish an Electronic Library with Servers, LAN, 25-50 PC’s, Software

Wi-Fi enabled Campus - Hotspots created in academic building, library, hostels, etc.

Deploy the SmarTeach Medical Learning Management System - All students get registered - Enhanced communication between departments - Allows all academic activities to be tracked - Electronic records allow real time management analysis

Advantages to College Management Get college technologically on par with campuses around the world One of the ways to counter shortage of teachers Existing teachers empowered with excellent and standardized teaching material & tools Tracking of academic student data from 1st year to final year across all subjects

Get college technologically on par with campuses around the world

One of the ways to counter shortage of teachers

Existing teachers empowered with excellent and standardized teaching material & tools

Tracking of academic student data from 1st year to final year across all subjects

Advantages to Faculty Empowered to teach using modern audiovisual aids such as a Laptop and LCD projection system in the class Get training in use of I.T. for Teaching from Intel, Microsoft and MEdRC Able to create question papers for assessment using our bank of over 1,00,000 questions and MCQ’s

Empowered to teach using modern audiovisual aids such as a Laptop and LCD projection system in the class

Get training in use of I.T. for Teaching from Intel, Microsoft and MEdRC

Able to create question papers for assessment using our bank of over 1,00,000 questions and MCQ’s

Standardized teaching material available to you with readymade and customizable lesson plans, library of slides, illustrations, 2D and 3D animations and case databases for teaching Access data on individual student / group progress Advantages to Faculty..(contd.)

Standardized teaching material available to you

with readymade and customizable lesson plans,

library of slides, illustrations, 2D and 3D animations

and case databases for teaching

Access data on individual student / group progress

Demos Baby Delivery Brainstem Human Heart Spino Thalamic Tracts Blood glucose levels Induction of PEPCK Glucose Alanine Cycle Gluconeogenesis Coris Cycle Activation of Glycogen Phosphorylase Glycogen Breakdown Cellular Respiration Citric Acid Cycle Inhibitors of Citric Acid Cycle Mechanism of PDH Mercuric Poisoning

Baby Delivery

Brainstem

Human Heart

Spino Thalamic Tracts

Blood glucose levels

Induction of PEPCK

Glucose Alanine Cycle

Gluconeogenesis

Coris Cycle

Activation of Glycogen Phosphorylase

Glycogen Breakdown

Cellular Respiration

Citric Acid Cycle

Inhibitors of Citric Acid Cycle

Mechanism of PDH

Mercuric Poisoning

Demos Oxidative Phosphorylation PDH Complex Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Regulation of Metabolite flow from Pyruvate through the TCA cycle Role of TCA Cycle in Anebolism Urea Cycle Central Dogma DNA Replication Lac Operon Prions Peripheal Nerves Changes in the Nerve Fiber: Stages of Regeneration Reflex Types Formation of Myelin Sheath

Oxidative Phosphorylation

PDH Complex

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

Regulation of Metabolite flow from Pyruvate through the TCA cycle

Role of TCA Cycle in Anebolism

Urea Cycle

Central Dogma

DNA Replication

Lac Operon

Prions

Peripheal Nerves

Changes in the Nerve Fiber: Stages of Regeneration

Reflex Types

Formation of Myelin Sheath

Student Feedback 1000 student survey In summary: 95% favor computer assisted learning facilitated by faculty Is computer assisted learning facilitated by faculty required?

1000 student survey

In summary:

95% favor computer assisted learning facilitated by faculty

Our Vision of a Virtual Medical Education Network

Collaboration In its effort to create the most desired medical education network, it seeks to collaborate with various partners – universities, professional bodies, pharmaceutical companies, technology companies and broadband Internet service providers Pharma. Companies ISP Tech Companies Professional Bodies University Medical Education Network

In its effort to create the most desired medical education network, it seeks to collaborate with various partners – universities, professional bodies, pharmaceutical companies, technology companies and broadband Internet service providers

And Thanks for your time .