This is an introductory powerpoint for Process or Behavioral Addiction Classes

1. EEaattiinngg DDiissoorrddeerrss
Leigh Falls Holman, PhD, LPC-S, RPTS, NCC

2. 2

3. SSccrreeeenniinngg aanndd AAsssseessssmmeenntt
Screening should occur with any individual
indicating issues with body weight, body
shape, or attitudes towards eating that
appear to be disordered
Suicidality should be assessed at the same
time due to elevated risk in individuals with
eating disorders
Depression and anxiety symptoms should be
assessed

4. SSCCOOFFFF SSccrreeeenn
Do you make yourself Sick because you feel
uncomfortably full?
Do you worry you have lost Control over how
much you eat?
Have you recently lost more than One stone in a
3 month period?
Do you believe yourself to be Fat when others
say you are too thin?
Would you say that Food dominates your life?
*One point for every ‘yes’
**Score of ≥ 2 indicates a likely case of anorexia or
bulimia
Morgan, J. Reid, F. , (1999). The SCOFF questionnaire: Assessment of a new screening tool for eating disorders.
British Medical Journal. 319:1467. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.319.7223.1467
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCOFF_questionnaire

5. AACCOORRNN EEaattiinngg DDiissoorrddeerr IInnvveennttoorryy
http://foodaddictioninstitute.org/Publications/

6. EEaattiinngg AAttttiittuuddeess TTeesstt
 http://psychcentral.com/quizzes/eat.htm
 40 item version – EAT-40 (Garner & Garfinkel, 1979)
 26 item version - EAT-26 (Garner, Olmsted, Bohr, &
Garfinkel, 1982)
 12 item version – EAT-12 (Lavik, Clausen, & Pedersen,
1991).
 Children’s Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT; Maloney et al.,
1989)
 Sensitivity .77; specificity .95 & .94; Positive predictive
values .82 & .79; negative predictive values .93 & .94
 3 factors (across cultures and gender and age):
◦ Dieting and purging behaviors
◦ Binging and food preoccupation
◦ Social pressures to eat

7. Eating Attitudes Test ((GGaarrnneerr && GGaarrffiinnkkeell,, 11997799))
EEAATT--2266 SSeellff TTeesstt
26 Item self-report inventory:
http://eat-26.com/Form/
40 item EAT-40
http://eat-26.com/Form/index.php?test_type=Good concurrent validity (Williamson,
Anderson, Jackman, & Jackson, 1995).
Simple and Quick
May be given repeatedly to gauge
progress in treatment

8. Bulimia TTeesstt--RReevviisseedd ((BBUULLIITT--RR))
((TThheelleenn,, FFaarrmmeerr,, WWoonnddeerrlliicchh,, && SSmmiitthh,, 11999911))
28 item questionnaire based on DSM II-R
R = .99
Can discriminate BN from AN
Cutoff – 104
Brief, easy to score, well-validated
◦ Internal Consistency: (Adult women: r = .92-.98; Girls:
r = .9; Boys: r = .88)
◦ Test-Retest over 2 month period: .95
◦ High concurrent and convergent validity in adult and
adolescent females
Screening or progress in treatment

9. Eating DDiissoorrddeerr EExxaammiinnaattiioonn ((EEDDEE))
CCooooppeerr && FFaaiirrbbuurrnn,, 11998877;; FFaaiirrbbuurrnn && CCooooppeerr,, 11999933))
 2 behavioral indices
◦ Overeating
◦ Methods of extreme weight control
 4 Subscales:
◦ Restraint
◦ Eating concern
◦ Shape concern
◦ Weight concern
 Investigator-based interview
 Inter-rater reliability (Cooper, Fairburn, 1987; Wilson & Smith,
1989); Test-Retest (Rizvi, Peterson, Crow, & Agras, 2000); &
Internal consistency (Cooper, Cooper, & Fairburn, 1989).
 Commonly used in treatment outcome studies
 Requires training to use

10. Interview for the Diagnosis ooff EEaattiinngg DDiissoorrddeerrss--IIVV ((IIDDEEDD--IIVV))
((KKuuttlleessiicc,, WWiilllliiaammssoonn,, GGlleeaavveess,, BBaarrbbiinn,, && MMuurrpphhyy--EEbbeerreennzz,,
11999988))
Semi-structured interview
Differential Diagnosis DSM-IV AN, BN, & BED
Good reliability and validity (Kutlesic et al., 1998)
Strength: client responses are rated on severity scales
directly related to DSM-IV criteria
Score of 3 or above on a 1-5 scale is diagnostic
Following interview, rater completes a diagnostic
checklist using the severity ratings that leads directly to
differential diagnosis according to DSM-IV criteria.

11. EEaattiinngg DDiissoorrddeerr IInnvveennttoorryy--33
((GGaarrnneerr,, 11999911))
 Self-report inventory
 Assess symptoms of AN and BN
 Provides standardized assessment of severity of symptoms – not
diagnostic
 Can provide useful background info
 Validated with both clinical and non-clinical groups across different
cultures, both adolescents and adults
 Translated into Arabic, Bulgarian, Chinese, Dutch, German,
Hebrew, Portuguese, Spanish, & Swedish
 Moderate to high internal consistency (r = .70-.93) for subscales
 91 questions, 11 subscales
◦ 3 assess attitudes and behaviors concerning eating, weight, and shape
◦ Other 8 assess: psychological disorders, Ineffectiveness, perfectionism,
interpersonal distrust, introspective Awareness, Maturity Fears,
Ascetics, Impulse Regulation, and Social Insecurity

12. FFiigguurree 99..22:: MMeeddiiccaall EEffffeeccttss ooff
AAnnoorreexxiiaa

13. FFiigguurree 99..33:: DDiiaaggnnoossttiicc CCrroossssoovveerr
iinn EEaattiinngg DDiissoorrddeerrss

14. DDiiaaggnnoossiiss
DSM 5 Chapter: Feeding and Eating
Disorders
Clinical Features:
◦ “persistent disturbance of eating or eating-related
behavior that results in the altered
consumption or absorption of food and that
significantly impairs physical health or
psychosocial functioning” (APA, p. 329)

15. SSiimmiillaarriittiieess ttoo SSuubbssttaannccee AAddddiiccttiioonnss::
“Some individuals with disorders described in this
chapter report eating-related symptoms resembling
those typically endorsed by individuals with substance
use disorders, such as craving and patterns of
compulsive use” (APA, p. 329).
“This resemblance may reflect the involvement of the
same neural systems, including those implicated in
regulatory self-control and reward, in both groups of
disorders. However, the relative contributions of
shared and distinct factors remain insufficiently
understood” (APA, p. 329).

16. AAnnoorreexxiiaa NNeerrvvoossaa ((330077..11))
((CCrriitteerriioonn AA))
Restriction of energy intake relative to
requirements, leading to a significantly low body
weight in the context of age, sex, developmental
trajectory, and physical health.
Significantly low weight is defined as a weight that
is less than minimally normal or, for children and
adolescents, less than that minimally expected.
If you weight the client in the office, then make
certain shoes are off, overcoats/sweaters are off,
and pockets are emptied prior to weighing.

17. AAnnoorreexxiiaa NNeerrvvoossaa ((CCrriitteerriioonn BB))
Diagnostic Features:
◦ Persistent energy intake restriction
◦ Intense fear of gaining weight or of becoming
fat, or persistent behavior that interferes with
weight gain
◦ Disturbance in self-perceived weight or shape

18. AAnnoorreexxiiaa NNeerrvvoossaa ((CCrriitteerriioonn CC))
Disturbance in the way in which one’s
body weight or shape is experienced,
undue influence of body weight or shape
on self-evaluation, or persistent lack of
recognition of the seriousness of the
current low body weight.

19. AAnnoorreexxiiaa NNeerrvvoossaa ((CCooddiinngg))
Regardless of code, specify which type.
Crossover between subtypes over the course of the
disorder is not uncommon. Therefore, subtype
describes current symptoms only.
The ICD-9 Code is 307.1 which is assigned regardless
of the subtype.
The ICD-10 CM code depends on the subtype:
◦ Restricting Type (F50.01): During the last 3 months the
individual has not engaged in recurrent episodes of binge
eating or purging behavior (i.e. self-induced vomiting or
misuse of laxatives, diuretics or enemas).
◦ Binge-Eating/Purging Type (F50.02): During the last 3
months, the individual has engaged in recurrent episodes
of binge eating or purging behavior (i.e. self-induced
vomiting or misuse of laxatives, diuretics or enemas).

20. AAnnoorreexxiiaa NNeerrvvoossaa ((SSppeecciiffiieerrss))
 Remission, if applicable: After full criteria previously met,
◦ Partial Remission: Criterion A (low body weight) has not
been met for a sustained period, but either Criterion B (intense
fear of gaining weight or becoming fat or behavior that
interferes with weight gain) or Criterion C (disturbances in self-perception
of weight and shape) is still met.
◦ Full Remission: None of the criteria have been met for a
sustained period of time.
 Current Severity: (adults – based on BMI and children and
adolescents based on BMI percentile). Severity may be increased to
reflect clinical symptoms, the degree of functional disability, and the need
for supervision.
◦ Mild: BMI ≥ 17 kg/m2
◦ Moderate: BMI 16-16.99 Kg/m2
◦ Severe: BMI 15-15.99 kg/m2
◦ Extreme: BMI ≤ 15 kg/m2

21. AAnnoorreexxiiaa NNeerrvvoossaa::
AAssssoocciiaatteedd FFeeaattuurreess
 Some health effects may be reversed with nutritional rehabilitation,
but some are not completely reversible, such as bone mineral
density
 Comorbidity:
◦ Depression – Suicide risk is elevated (12/100,000/year)
◦ Biploar Disorder
◦ Anxiety Disorders
◦ Obsessive Compulsive features (both related and unrelated to food –
restricting type more likely to have OCD)
◦ Substance Addictions (more common with binge/purge type)
◦ Hoarding
 Semi-starvation may be associated with:
◦ Problems with major organs (heart)
◦ Physiological disturbance (amenorrhea)
◦ Vital sign abnormalities
◦ May or may not have lab abnormalities

22. AAnnoorreexxiiaa NNeerrvvoossaa
 More females than males 10:1
 12 month prevalence for females is approximately .4%
 Usually begins during adolescence or young adulthood, but
rarely before puberty or after 40
◦ Younger: may manifest atypical features, including denying ‘fear
of fat.’
◦ Older: more likely to have a longer duration of the illness &
clinical presentation may include more signs and symptoms of
long-standing disorder
 Course and outcome are highly variable
◦ Course: Onset often triggered by stressful life event
◦ Outcomes:
 Some individuals recover fully after a single episode of AN. However,
some have fluctuating or chronic problems with AN over their lives.
 Hospitalization may be required to restore weight and to address
medical complications. Remission rates lower for these folks.
 Most experience remission within 5 years of presentation (p. 342)
 Mortality rate 5% per decade due most often to medical complications
or suicide.

23. AAnnoorreexxiiaa NNeerrvvoossaa::
RRiisskk && PPrrooggnnoossttiicc FFaaccttoorrss
 Temperamental:
◦ “individuals who develop anxiety disorders or display obsessional traits
in childhood are at an increased risk of developing AN
 Environmental:
◦ “Historical and cross-cultural variability in the prevalence of AN
supports its association with cultures and settings in which thinness is
valued” (APA, p. 342).
◦ “Avocations that encourage thinness, such as modeling and elite
athletics, are also associated with increased risk. (APA, p. 342).
 Genetic and Physiological:
◦ Increase risk in 1st degree biological relatives
◦ Increased risk of bipolar and depressive disorders of 1st degree
relatives, particularly binge/purge type
◦ Monozygotic twins higher than dizygotic twins
◦ Brain abnormalities using fMRI identified (but this may result from
malnutrition vs. primary abnormalities)

24. AAnnoorreexxiiaa NNeerrvvoossaa::
DDiiaaggnnoossttiicc MMaarrkkeerrss
Hematology
Serum Chemistry
Endocrine
Electrocardiography
Bone Mass
Electroencephalography
Resting Energy Expenditure
Physical Signs and Symptoms

25. AAnnoorreexxiiaa NNeerrvvoossaa::
FFuunnccttiioonnaall CCoonnsseeqquueenncceess
May function socially and professionally
or may not
Social isolation
Failure to fulfill academic or career
potential

26. AAnnoorreexxiiaa NNeerrvvoossaa::
DDiiffffeerreennttiiaall DDiiaaggnnoossiiss
Medical Conditions such as gastrointestinal
disease, hyperthyroidism, occult malignancies, and
AIDS.
Major Depressive Disorder
Schizophrenia
Substance Use Disorders
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social phobia), OCD,
and Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Bulimia Nervosa
Avoidant/restrictive Food Intake Disorder
*What is the primary cause of the symptom?

27. BBuulliimmiiaa NNeerrvvoossaa ((330077..5511,, FF5500..22))
CCrriitteerriioonn AA
Recurrent episodes of binge eating. An
episode of binge eating is characterized by
both of the following:
1. Eating, in a discrete period of time (e.g., within
any 2-hour period), an amount of food that is
definitely larger than what most individuals
would eat in a similar period of time under
similar circumstances.
2. A sense of lack of control over eating during
the episode (e.g., a feeling that one cannot stop
eating or control what or how much one is
eating).

28. BBuulliimmiiaa NNeerrvvoossaa
Binging Triggers
◦ Interpersonal stressors
◦ Dietary restraint
◦ Negative feelings related to body weight,
body shape, and food
◦ boredom
Consequences
◦ Negative self-evaluation
◦ Dysphoria

29. BBuulliimmiiaa NNeerrvvoossaa ((CCrriitteerriiaa,, ccoonntt..))
 B. Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors in order
to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting; misuse
of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications; fasting; or
excessive exercise.
 C. The binge eating and inappropriate compensatory
behaviors both occur, on average, at least once a week for 3
months.
 D. Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and
weight.
 E. The disturbance does not occur exclusively during
episodes of anorexia nervosa.

30. BBuulliimmiiaa NNeerrvvoossaa ((SSppeecciiffiieerrss))
 Remission: After full criteria for BN were previously met,
◦ In partial remission: Some, but not all, of the criteria have been met for
a sustained period of time.
◦ In full remission: None of the criteria have been met for a sustained
period of time.
 Severity (current): the minimum level of severity is based on the
frequency of inappropriate compensatory behaviors. It may be
increased to reflect other symptoms and the degree of functional
disability.
◦ Mild: An average of 1-3 episodes per week of inappropriate
compensatory behavior
◦ Moderate: An average of 4-7 episodes per week of inappropriate
compensatory behavior
◦ Severe: An average of 8-13 episodes per week of inappropriate
compensatory behavior
◦ Extreme: An average of 14 or more episodes per week of
inappropriate compensatory behavior

31. BBuulliimmiiaa NNeerrvvoossaa::
DDiiaaggnnoossttiicc FFeeaattuurreess
Recurrent episodes of binge eating
Recurrent inappropriate compensatory
behaviors to prevent weight gain
Self-evaluation unduly influenced by body
shape and weight
Must occur 1x/week for 3 months on
average

32. BBuulliimmiiaa NNeerrvvoossaa::
AAssssoocciiaatteedd FFeeaattuurreess
Typically normal weight or overweight (BMI ≥ 18.5
and ≤ 30 in adults).
Uncommon among obese individuals
Between binges – restrict caloric intake
Menstrual irregularity
Fluid and electrolyte disturbances due to purging
Rare but potentially fatal complications including
esophageal tears, gastric rupture, and cardiac
arrhythmias.
Serious cardiac and skeletal myopathies may happen
due to vomiting
Abuse of laxatives may lead to dependence
Gastrointestinal symptoms and rectal prolapse

33. BBuulliimmiiaa NNeerrvvoossaa
 Prevalence:
◦ 12 month prevalence among young females is 1%-1.5%.
◦ Prevalence is highest among young adults – peaks in older adolescence and young
adulthood.
◦ More common in females than males 10:1.
 Course and Outcome:
◦ Onset before puberty or after 40 is uncommon.
◦ Frequently begins during or after an attempt at dieting.
◦ Multiple stressful life events can precede onset
◦ Disturbed eating behavior persists for at least several years in most clinical samples –
may be chronic or intermittent
◦ Symptoms of many diminish over time without treatment, although treatment clearly
impacts outcome
◦ Remission longer than 1 year associated with better outcome
◦ Significantly elevated risk for mortality (all-cause and suicide) Crude mortality rate –
2% per decade.
◦ Diagnostic cross-over to AN 10%-15% - often have multiple cross-overs between AN
and BN
◦ May cross-over to BED

34. BBuulliimmiiaa NNeerrvvoossaa::
RRiisskk && PPrrooggnnoossttiicc FFeeaattuurreess
 Temperamental:
◦ Weight concerns, low self-esteem, depressive symptoms, social
anxiety disorder, and overanxious disorder of childhood are
associated with increased risk for the development of BN.
 Environmental:
◦ Internalization of a thin body ideal increases risk. Childhood
sexual/physical abuse are at an increased risk.
 Genetic and Physiological:
◦ Childhood obesity and early pubertal maturation increase risk.
◦ Familial transmission of BN may be present, as well as genetic
vulnerabilities for BN
 Course Modifiers:
◦ Severity of psychiatric comorbidity predicts worse long-term
outcome of BN

35. BBNN:: FFuunnccttiioonnaall CCoonnsseeqquueenncceess
Severe role impairment
Social-life domain most likely to be
adversely affected
Suicide risk elevated

36. BBNN:: DDiiffffeerreennttiiaall DDiiaaggnnoossiiss
Anorexia Nervosa, Binge-eating/purging
type
Binge Eating Disorder
Kleine-Levin Syndrome: disturbed eating
does not include over-concern about body
shape or weight
Major Depressive Disorder, with Atypical
Features
Borderline Personality Disorder: impulsive
behavior in BPD may result in BN symptoms

37. BBNN CCoommoorrbbiiddiittyy
Most have one other mental health issue
Many have multiple comorbidities
Increased frequency of:
◦ Depressive symptoms, bipolar & depressive
disorders
◦ Anxiety symptoms (social situations) or
anxiety disorders
◦ Substance Use Disorders (30% lifetime
prevalence among BN clients)

38. ((330077..5511//FF5500..88))BBiinnggee EEaattiinngg DDiissoorrddeerr
 DSM IV TR:
◦ Appendix B: Criteria Sets and Axes Provided for Further Study
◦ Diagnosed as ED NOS
 DSM 5:
◦ Added BED to Feeding and Eating Disorders chapter
◦ Recognition that a large percentage of ED NOS diagnoses could
be attributed to BED
◦ More severe and less common than overeating and associated
with significant physical and psychological problems
◦ Criteria A-E will must be met

39. Binge Eating DDiissoorrddeerr ((CCrriitteerriioonn AA))
A. Recurrent episodes of binge eating. An episode of binge
eating is characterized by both of the following:
1.Eating, in a discrete period of time (w/in 2-hour
period), an amount of food that is definitely larger
than what most people would eat in a similar period
of time under similar circumstances.
2.A sense of lack of control over eating during the
episode (e.g. feeling that one cannot stop eating or
control what or how much one is eating).

40. Binge EEaattiinngg DDiissoorrddeerr ((CCrriitteerriioonn BB))
B. The binge-eating episodes are associated with 3/more of
the following:
1. Eating much more rapidly than normal.
2. Eating until feeling uncomfortably full.
3. Eating large amounts of food when not feeling
physically hungry.
4. Eating alone because of feeling embarrassed by how
much one is eating.
5. Feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed or very
guilty afterward.

41. Binge Eating DDiissoorrddeerr ((CCrriitteerriiaa,, CCoonntt..))
C. Marked distress regarding binge eating is
present.
D. The binge eating occurs, on average, at least
once a week for 3 months.
E. The binge eating is not associated with the
recurrent use of inappropriate compensatory
behavior as in bulimia nervosa and does not
occur exclusively during the course of bulimia
nervosa or anorexia nervosa.

42. Binge Eating Disorder SSppeecciiffiieerrss ((pp.. 335500))
Partial/Full Remission After full criteria for BED
were met, binge-eating disorder were previously met,
◦Partial: Binge eating occurs at an average frequency of less
than one episode per week for a sustained period of time.
◦Full: none of the criteria have been met for a sustained
period of time.
Severity
◦Mild: 1-3 episodes of binge eating each week
◦Moderate: 4-7 episodes of binge eating each
week
◦Severe: 8-13 episodes of binge eating each week
◦Extreme: 14/more episodes of binge eating each
week

43. BBEEDD:: AAssssoocciiaatteedd FFeeaattuurreess
Prevalence: (p. 351)
◦ 12 month prevalence among adults:
 Female: 1.6%
 Males: .8%
Development & Course : (p. 352)
◦ Binge eating usually precedes BED whereas dieting
usually precedes onset of binge eating in bulimia
nervosa)
◦ Treatment seeking BED clients are usually older than
AN/BN treatment seeking clients
◦ Course: persistent, similar to BN in severity & duration
Risk and Prognostic Factors: Indication of
Genetic predisposition

44. BBEEDD:: AAssssoocciiaatteedd FFeeaattuurreess
Culture-Related Diagnostic Issues
◦ Similar across industrialized countries
◦ Similar across ethnicities
Functional Consequences
◦ Social role adjustment problems
◦ Impaired health-related quality of life & life
satisfaction
◦ Increased medical morbidity & mortality
◦ Increased health care utilization compared
with BMI-matched control subjects

45. BBEEDD:: AAssssoocciiaatteedd FFeeaattuurreess
 Differential Diagnosis
◦ Bulimia Nervosa:
 BED doesn’t have recurrent compensatory (purge/exercise) behavior
 BED consistently higher rates of improvement than BN
◦ Obesity:
 BED higher rates of overvaluation of body weight and shape
 BED rates of psychiatric comorbidity are significantly higher
 BED better outcomes
◦ Bipolar & MDD can be given in addition to BED if meet full
criteria for both
◦ Borderline PD & BED can be given if meet full criteria for both
 Comorbidity *linked to severity of BED not degree of
obesity*
◦ Most common: bipolar, depressive, & anxiety disorders
◦ Less common: substance use disorders

46. OOtthheerr SSppeecciiffiieedd FFeeeeddiinngg oorr EEaattiinngg
DDiissoorrddeerr ((330077..5599
Atypical AN: all criteria met, except that
despite significant weight loss, the
individual’s weight is within or above
normal limits.
Bulimia Nervosa (of low frequency
and/or limited duration)
Binge-Eating Disorder (of low frequency
and/or limited duration
Purging Disorder

47. TTrreeaattmmeenntt
Eating Disorders requires specific
interventions
Training and supervised practice under
the supervision of an eating disorders
specialist is necessary for competency in
this area.
Must be able to work on an inter-disciplinary
treatment team due to the
medical and nutritional issues related to
these disorders.

48. RReessoouurrcceess aavvaaiillaabbllee oonnlliinnee
 Eating Disorders Warning Signs
http://achancetoheal.org/eating-disorders/warning-signs/
 Differential Diagnosis Tree
 Fast Facts about EDs
http://www.aedweb.org/About_Eating_Disorders/3645.htm
 Eating Disorders Parent Toolkit
 Feelings Wheel
 Guide to Medical Management of Eating Disorders
 Meal Support Manual for Parents/Friends
 Parent’s Role in Prevention
 Bulimia Nervosa Guide

49. RReessoouurrcceess
 Eating Disorders Factsheet APA:
http://www.dsm5.org/Documents/Eating%20Disorders%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf
 Eating Disorders Helpline:
http://www.anad.org/eating-disorders-get-help/eating-disorders-helpline-email/
 Eating Disorder Support Groups by State:
http://www.anad.org/eating-disorders-get-help/eating-disorders-support-groups/
 Support Groups:
http://www.allianceforeatingdisorders.com/Support-Groups
 Eating Disorders Anonymous:
http://www.eatingdisordersanonymous.org/
 EDA Meetings:
http://www.eatingdisordersanonymous.org/meetings.html
 Mentor Connect: Online mentoring relationships to replace eating disorders:
http://www.mentorconnect-ed.org/

50. RReessoouurrcceess
 Eating Disorder Statistics:
http://www.anad.org/get-information/about-eating-disorders/eating-disorders-statistics/
 Eating Disorder Mortality Statistics:
http://www.anad.org/get-information/about-eating-disorders/making-sense-of-ed-mortality-statistics/
 Eating Disorders and Pro Eating Disorder Internet Sites:
http://www.anad.org/get-information/eating-disorders-and-the-internet/
 Righting Insurance Discrimination of Eating Disorders:
http://www.anad.org/get-information/insurance-issues/
 ECRI Institute for Research on Eating Disorder:
https://www.ecri.org/Pages/default.aspx
 National Eating Disorders Association
http://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/

51. RReessoouurrcceess
 Binge Eating Disorder Association:
http://bedaonline.com/
 Academy for Eating Disorders:
http://www.aedweb.org//AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home
 The Eating Disorder Foundation:
http://www.eatingdisorderfoundation.org/
 The Alliance for Eating Disorders Awareness: DSM V Diagnostic
Criteria
http://www.allianceforeatingdisorders.com/dsm-bed
 Males and Eating Disorders:
http://www.allianceforeatingdisorders.com/males-and-eating-disorders
 National Association for Males with Eating Disorders, Inc.
http://www.namedinc.org/

52. RReessoouurrcceess
 Something Fishy: Issues for Men with Eating Disorders:
http://www.something-fishy.org/cultural/issuesformen.php
 Etiology of Eating Disorders
http://www.allianceforeatingdisorders.com/what-causes-eating-disorders
 Suggested Reading on Eating Disorders:
http://www.allianceforeatingdisorders.com/help-resources-suggested-readings
 Eating Disorders Organizations and Websites:
http://www.allianceforeatingdisorders.com/organizations-and-websites
 About Face:
http://www.about-face.org/
 The Body Positive:
http://www.thebodypositive.org/
 Body Image Health:
http://bodyimagehealth.org/

53. RReessoouurrcceess
 Becoming Your Most Authentic Self:
http://bi3d.tridelta.org/Home
 Andrea’s Voice Foundation: Disordered Eating and Related Issues:
http://andreasvoice.org/
 The Elisa Project: Overcoming Eating Disorders Through Knowledge:
http://www.theelisaproject.org/
 Families Empowered And Supporting Treatment of Eating Disorders
(FEAST):
http://www.feast-ed.org/
Community Outreach Prevention of Eating Disorders:
http://www.dahliapartnership.org/
 Eating Disorders Coalition:
http://www.eatingdisorderscoalition.org/
 Eating Disorders Hope:
http://www.eatingdisorderhope.com/